广东沿海陆地主要地质灾害及其控制因素分析
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摘要
广东沿海不仅是我国经济较为发达的地区 ,同时也是我国地质环境较为脆弱及各类地质灾害较为发育的一个地带。通过地质灾害案例的调查、地质灾害孕育环境、诱发因素等的研究与分析看出 ,南奥、汕头、揭阳、阳江等是历史强震和潜在地震活跃区 ,地震多发生在 NEE、NNW和 NW向活动断裂交汇部位附近。丘陵、台地及其边缘区的河流两岸、海岸、交通沿线、城镇人工切坡等构成了是水土流失、崩塌和滑坡等的多发区。降雨的时空分布直接控制着丘陵和台地不稳定斜坡出现的机率。雷州半岛的地裂缝与地下水活动密切相关 ,雨、旱季节性变化利于地裂缝的发育。岩溶塌陷是过度抽、排岩溶区地下水的结果。而地面沉降是长期超采深层承压水的反映。软土构成了沿海三角洲与滨海平原区工程建筑的非稳定地基。地质灾害的防治应采取防为主、预治结合的可持续对策与措施
The coast land of Guangdong is not only a relatively developed region in economy,but also is a friable zone in geoenvironment.Based on the investigations and statistic work in detail for representative disasters in the land along the Guangdong coast in recent years it has been confimed that devastating earthquake occurred historically in Nanao,Shantou,Jieyang,Yangjiang etc.are highly related to NEE-trending active faults,especially to intersections of the NEE-trending active faults and NE-trending or NW-trending active faults. The occurrence of soil erosion,rockfalls and landslides is the result of a complex interaction of slope height,slope gradient and rock and soil as wall as heavy rainfall and artifical activities. Topographically, natural slopes in riverbanks and along coast, artifical slopes along traffic lines and in town in the coast land are subject to soil erosion,rockfalls and landslides.The spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall decides the probability of unstable slope occurrence.The ground fissures in the Leizhou Peninsula are highly related to groundwater activities, the alternations from arid to rainy season promote the occurrence of ground fissure.The occurrence of Karst washin and ground sink is triggered by over exploitation underground water,and the soft soil developed in the delta and coast plain commonly cause in stable foundation.
The coast land of Guangdong is not only a relatively developed region in economy,but also is a friable zone in geoenvironment.Based on the investigations and statistic work in detail for representative disasters in the land along the Guangdong coast in recent years it has been confimed that devastating earthquake occurred historically in Nanao,Shantou,Jieyang,Yangjiang etc.are highly related to NEE-trending active faults,especially to intersections of the NEE-trending active faults and NE-trending or NW-trending active faults. The occurrence of soil erosion,rockfalls and landslides is the result of a complex interaction of slope height,slope gradient and rock and soil as wall as heavy rainfall and artifical activities. Topographically, natural slopes in riverbanks and along coast, artifical slopes along traffic lines and in town in the coast land are subject to soil erosion,rockfalls and landslides.The spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall decides the probability of unstable slope occurrence.The ground fissures in the Leizhou Peninsula are highly related to groundwater activities, the alternations from arid to rainy season promote the occurrence of ground fissure.The occurrence of Karst washin and ground sink is triggered by over exploitation underground water,and the soft soil developed in the delta and coast plain commonly cause in stable foundation.
引文
广东省地质环境监测总站 .广东省历史地质灾害调查报告 .1992 :3 5 -68
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[18] 靳长兴 .论坡面侵蚀的临界坡度 [J] .地理学报 ,1995 ,5 0 ( 3 ) :2 3 4 -2 3 8.
[19] 郑度 ,申元村 .坡度过程及退化坡地恢复整治研究 [J] .地理学报 ,1998,5 3 ( 2 ) :116-12 1.
[2 0 ] 卢耀东 .湛江组粘土胀缩性初探 [J] .广东地质 ,1989,4( 3 ) :5 6-65 .
[2 1] 黎青宁 ,周国云 .地面变形地质灾害问题 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1990 ,( 4 ) :2 9-3 0 .
[2 2 ] 刘铁铸 .国内外地面沉降现状、危害及治理对策 [J] .城市地质专辑 ,1992 ,( 12 ) :13 -18.
[2 3 ] 华南理工大学等 .地基与基础 [M] .北京 :中国建筑工业出版社 ,1998.113 -12 4.
[1] 周永康 .保障人民生命财产安全 [N] .国土资源报 ,1999-0 4-2 2 .
[2 ] 叶东明 .增强地质灾害防治意识 ,减少人民生命财产损失[N] .中国地质矿产报 ,1998-12 -2 2 .
[3 ] 郑毅 .张玉梅 ,地质灾害肆虐广东 [N] .羊城晚报 ,1999-4 -2 0 .
[4] 张梁 ,张业成 ,罗元华等 .地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践 [M] .北京 :地质出版社 ,1998.3 -76.
[5 ] 卢体祥 .珠江三角洲地质灾害类型、分布、危害与防治 [J] .中国地质灾害与防治学报 ,1990 ,1( 4 ) :87-89.
[6] 谢浩球 .广东地质灾害概述 [J] .广东地质 ,1991,6( 3 ) :1-8.
[7] 李建生 .珠江三角洲地区若干地质灾害问题 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1992 ,19( 5 ) :42 -4 4 .
[8] 雷严问 .雷州半岛地裂缝基本特征及其发展趋势 [J] .广东地质 ,1995 ,10 ( 3 ) :43 -4 9.
[9] 夏法 ,黄玉昆 .广东的地质灾害与地质环境 [J] .自然灾害学报 ,1995 ,4( 3 ) :83 -91.
[10 ] 詹文欢 ,钟建强 ,刘以宣 .华南沿海地质灾害 [M] .北京 :科学出版社 ,1996,3 3 -4 1.
[11] 广东省国土厅 .广东省自然灾害图集 [M] .广州 :广东地图出版社 ,1996.
[12 ] 陈恩民 .华南十九次强震暨南海北部陆缘地震带概述 [J] .华南地震 ,1984,4( 1) :12 -3 2 .
[13 ] Brand E W.Relationship between rainfall and landslides inHong kong[J] .Proc.4th.Symp.Landslides,Toronto,1984,( 1) :3 77-3 84.
[14 ] Brand E W. Landslides in Hong Kong during the RainfallEwent[J] .Landslide News,1994,( 8) :13 -17.
[15 ] Lumb P.Effect of rain storms on slope stability[M] .Select-ed Topics in geotechnical Enginnering. Edited by Li K.S.,1991.3 -18.
[16] 李焯芬 ,陈虹 .雨水渗透与香港滑坡灾害 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1997,2 4( 4 ) :2 5 -2 7.
[17] David K K,Raymond C W,Robert K M. Real tim e landslidewarning during heavy rainfall[J] .Science,1987,2 3 6( 4 82 9) :92 1-92 5 .
[18] 靳长兴 .论坡面侵蚀的临界坡度 [J] .地理学报 ,1995 ,5 0 ( 3 ) :2 3 4 -2 3 8.
[19] 郑度 ,申元村 .坡度过程及退化坡地恢复整治研究 [J] .地理学报 ,1998,5 3 ( 2 ) :116-12 1.
[2 0 ] 卢耀东 .湛江组粘土胀缩性初探 [J] .广东地质 ,1989,4( 3 ) :5 6-65 .
[2 1] 黎青宁 ,周国云 .地面变形地质灾害问题 [J] .水文地质工程地质 ,1990 ,( 4 ) :2 9-3 0 .
[2 2 ] 刘铁铸 .国内外地面沉降现状、危害及治理对策 [J] .城市地质专辑 ,1992 ,( 12 ) :13 -18.
[2 3 ] 华南理工大学等 .地基与基础 [M] .北京 :中国建筑工业出版社 ,1998.113 -12 4.
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