汶川地震触发陕西省境内地质灾害灾险情特征
|
摘要
在实地调查、汶川地震震后次生地质灾害隐患排查成果的基础上,结合县市地质灾害调查数据,从灾情和险情两个方面,对汶川地震触发地质灾害灾险情的致灾灾险情、灾种、类型等特征进行了较系统的分析对比。进一步比较了陕西在汶川地震触发地质灾害受灾省份中的情况,并对地质灾害趋势做了初步预测。研究表明,灾险情集中分布在龙门山构造带向陕西境内的延伸部分,险情比灾情分布范围广。灾险情的灾种都以崩塌为主,其次为滑坡,地震对地质体的震动触发作用明显。机关学校是汶川地震触发陕西境内地质灾害的主要受灾对象。陕西受汶川地震触发地质灾害的灾险情轻于四川、甘肃,三省地质灾害震前均较为严重,地震触发地质灾害的影响具有长期性,未来陕西境内地质灾害发生的频率可能增大。
Based on materials of field investigation and geological hazard situation inspection after wenchuan earthquake,in this paper,from the aspects of geological hazard case and dangerous case,the author analyze case distribution,type,grade of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake.Furthermore the author give an evaluation of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in shaanxi province compared with in Sichuan and Gansu province,in the end trend of geo-hazard in shaanxi province is predicted preliminary.Wenchuan earthquake causes geological hazard of 302 cases in Shaanxi province.The distribution of those geological hazard is chiefly in Baoji City,Hanzhong City,Xianyang City and Shangluo City,those geological hazard lead to two people dead and 13 injuries and great direct economic loss.Geological hazard case type is mainly landslide,which proportion is 85.7% in the whole of the geological hazard case type proportion.Geo-hazard case grade is mainly small grade of geological hazard,however middle grade of geological hazard lead to main direct economic loss.Geological hazard-causing object is mainly settlement and secondly institution and schools.Geological hazard danger cases caused by Wenchuan earthquake is chiefly in Hanzhong City,Baoji City,Xianyang City and Ankang City.Geological hazard danger case type is mainly landslide.and geological hazard danger case grade is mainly small grade.Geological hazard causing object is mainly settlement and secondly institution and schools also.The geological hazard case and danger cases have the following five characteristics:First,geological hazard and danger case mainly distributes the extension of Longmenshan Mountain geological structure,and the distribution of danger cases is more widely than the distribution of geological hazard.Second,geological hazard case type is mainly landslides.Third,geological hazard-causing object is mainly institution and schools,which is also prevention and control emphasis of geological hazard in the future.Fourth,small grade of geological hazard cases is the largest in all hazard cases.Fifth,relation of geological hazards in scale and geological hazard grade is the "U" shaped relationship.Damage caused in Shaanxi province by Wenchuan earthquake is relatively light than which of Sichuan and Gansu province.Shaanxi province is one of serious provinces in geological hazard,so the frequency of geological hazards could be increased in the future.Two suggestions of deepening research of geological hazard are taken out,one is to further enhance the analysis of geological structure and earthquake and geological hazard,and two is strengthening the rule and characteristics of the geological hazard.
Based on materials of field investigation and geological hazard situation inspection after wenchuan earthquake,in this paper,from the aspects of geological hazard case and dangerous case,the author analyze case distribution,type,grade of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake.Furthermore the author give an evaluation of geo-hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in shaanxi province compared with in Sichuan and Gansu province,in the end trend of geo-hazard in shaanxi province is predicted preliminary.Wenchuan earthquake causes geological hazard of 302 cases in Shaanxi province.The distribution of those geological hazard is chiefly in Baoji City,Hanzhong City,Xianyang City and Shangluo City,those geological hazard lead to two people dead and 13 injuries and great direct economic loss.Geological hazard case type is mainly landslide,which proportion is 85.7% in the whole of the geological hazard case type proportion.Geo-hazard case grade is mainly small grade of geological hazard,however middle grade of geological hazard lead to main direct economic loss.Geological hazard-causing object is mainly settlement and secondly institution and schools.Geological hazard danger cases caused by Wenchuan earthquake is chiefly in Hanzhong City,Baoji City,Xianyang City and Ankang City.Geological hazard danger case type is mainly landslide.and geological hazard danger case grade is mainly small grade.Geological hazard causing object is mainly settlement and secondly institution and schools also.The geological hazard case and danger cases have the following five characteristics:First,geological hazard and danger case mainly distributes the extension of Longmenshan Mountain geological structure,and the distribution of danger cases is more widely than the distribution of geological hazard.Second,geological hazard case type is mainly landslides.Third,geological hazard-causing object is mainly institution and schools,which is also prevention and control emphasis of geological hazard in the future.Fourth,small grade of geological hazard cases is the largest in all hazard cases.Fifth,relation of geological hazards in scale and geological hazard grade is the "U" shaped relationship.Damage caused in Shaanxi province by Wenchuan earthquake is relatively light than which of Sichuan and Gansu province.Shaanxi province is one of serious provinces in geological hazard,so the frequency of geological hazards could be increased in the future.Two suggestions of deepening research of geological hazard are taken out,one is to further enhance the analysis of geological structure and earthquake and geological hazard,and two is strengthening the rule and characteristics of the geological hazard.
引文
[1]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川地震触发崩塌滑坡数量及其密度特征分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20(3):1～7.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Analysis on the number and density oflandslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,China.Jouranal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation.2009,20(3):1～7.
[2]李海兵,王宗秀,付小方等.2008年5月12日汶川地震(MS8.0)地表破裂带的分布特征[J],地质通报,2008,35(5):803～814.Li Haibing,Wang zongxiu,Fu xiaofang,etc.The surface rupturezone distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake(MS8.0)happenedon May 12th,2008,Geology in China.2008,35(5):803～814.
[3]马寅生,龙长兴,谭成轩等.四川汶川MS8.0级地震同震变形特征和分段性[J],地质通报,2008,27(12):2076～2085.Ma Yinsheng,Long Changxing,Tan Chengxuan,etc.Co-seismicdeformation features and segmentation of theMS8.0 Wenchuanearthquake in Sichuan,China,Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(12):2076～2085.
[4]殷跃平等.汶川地震震害研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.Yin Yueping,Pan Guitang,Liu Yuping,etc.Great Wenchuanearthquake:seismgeology and landslide hazards.Beijing:Geolog-ical Publishing Press,2009.
[5]刘传正.四川汶川地震灾害与地质环境安全[J],地质通报,2008,27(11):1907～1912.Liu Chuanzheng.Disasters induced by the Wenchuan earth-quakes,Sichuan,China,and geo-environmental safety.GeologicalBulletin of China,2008,27(11):1907～1912.
[6]乔建平,蒲晓虹,王萌,等.汶川地震滑坡的特点及最大震中距分析[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):10～15.Qiao Jianping,Pu Xiaohong,Wang Meng,etc.Analysis of distribu-tion characteristics of landslide induced in Wenchuan earthquakeand relevant maximum epicenter distance.Journal of Natural Dis-asters 2009,18(5):10～15.
[7]张茂省,唐亚明.地质灾害风险调查的方法与实践[J].地质通报,2008,27(8):1205～1216.Zhang Maosheng,Tang Ya-ming.Landslide risk investigationmethod and practice.Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(8):1205～1216.
[8]祁生文,许强,刘春玲等.汶川地震极重灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律[J].工程地质学报.2009.17(1):39～50.Qi Shengwen,Xu Qiang,Liu Chunling,etc.Slope instabilities inthe severest disaster areas of5.12 Wenchuan earthquakes.Journalof Engineering Geology.2009,17(1):39～50.
[9]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J]工程地质学报.2009,17(1):19～29.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard trig-gered by Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19～29.
[10]王运生,罗永红,吉峰等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报.2008,16(6):759～764.Wang Yunsheng,Luo Yonghong,Ji Feng,etc.Analysis of thecontrolling factors on geo-hazards in mountainous epicenter zonesof the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology2008,16(6):759～764.
[11]陕西省国土资源厅.陕西省汶川地震灾区地质灾害排查报告[R],2008.Shaanxi Bureau of land and resource.Investigation of Geo-hazardin Shaanxi Province by Wenchuan Earthquake,2008.
[12]中国地质环境监测院.全国地质灾害通报(2008年1—12月)[R],2008.China Institute of Geo-environment Monitoring.Bulletin of Na-tionwide Geologic Hazards from January to december in 2008,2008.
[13]甘肃省国土资源厅.关于地震引发次生地质灾害及抗震救灾情况报告[R],2008.Gansu Bureau of land and reource.Report of Geo-hazard trig-gered by Wenchuan earthquake and hazard relief during Wen-chuan earthquake,2008.
[14]张栓厚,王学平,林平选,等.陕西龙门山地震带地质灾害的地质构造约束[J].陕西地质,2008,26(2):44～54.Zhang Shuanhou,Wang Xueping,Lin Pingxuan,etc.The geolog-ical structures of geohazards occurring in the Longmenshan seis-mic zone in Shaanxi province.Geology of Shaanxi.2008,26(2):44～54.
[15]吴树仁,石菊松,姚鑫,等.四川汶川地震地质灾害活动强度分析评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1900～1906.Wu Shuren,Shi Jusong,Yao Xin etc.Analysis and evaluation ofgeo-hazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,Chi-na,Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1900～1906.
[16]王涛,马寅生,龙长兴,等.四川汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1913～1922.Wang Tao,Ma Yansheng,Long Changxing,etc.Fault activity ofthe Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China and seismic second-ary geo-hazards,Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1913～1922.
[17]都吉夔,张勤,宋立军等.四川汶川8.0级地震间接经济损失评估方法[J].灾害学,2008,23(4):130～133.Du Jikui,Zhang Qin,Song Lijun,etc.Assessment method of indi-rect economic loss from Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake.Journal ofCatastrophology.2008,23(4):130～133.
[18]王雁林.陕西省地质灾害成功预报实例分析及其模式探讨[J].灾害学,2006.21(4):71～75.Wang yanlin.Success forecast example analysis and pattern ongeological disaster in Shaanxi province.Journal of Catastropholo-gy,2006,21(4):71～75.
[19]王雁林.陕南地区滑坡灾害气象预报预警及其防范对策探析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(4):345～350.Wang Yanlin.Study on the early-warning and prediction of land-slide hazards and countermeasures in south of Shaanxi prov-ince.Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preserva-tion.2005,16(4):345～350.
[20]王雁林.陕西省地质灾害实例分析及致灾模式探讨[J].灾害学,2008,23(3):71～75.Wang yanlin.Discussion on geological hazard case analysis andinducing pattern in Shaanxi Province.Journal of Catastrophology,2008,23(3):71～75.
[2]李海兵,王宗秀,付小方等.2008年5月12日汶川地震(MS8.0)地表破裂带的分布特征[J],地质通报,2008,35(5):803～814.Li Haibing,Wang zongxiu,Fu xiaofang,etc.The surface rupturezone distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake(MS8.0)happenedon May 12th,2008,Geology in China.2008,35(5):803～814.
[3]马寅生,龙长兴,谭成轩等.四川汶川MS8.0级地震同震变形特征和分段性[J],地质通报,2008,27(12):2076～2085.Ma Yinsheng,Long Changxing,Tan Chengxuan,etc.Co-seismicdeformation features and segmentation of theMS8.0 Wenchuanearthquake in Sichuan,China,Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(12):2076～2085.
[4]殷跃平等.汶川地震震害研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.Yin Yueping,Pan Guitang,Liu Yuping,etc.Great Wenchuanearthquake:seismgeology and landslide hazards.Beijing:Geolog-ical Publishing Press,2009.
[5]刘传正.四川汶川地震灾害与地质环境安全[J],地质通报,2008,27(11):1907～1912.Liu Chuanzheng.Disasters induced by the Wenchuan earth-quakes,Sichuan,China,and geo-environmental safety.GeologicalBulletin of China,2008,27(11):1907～1912.
[6]乔建平,蒲晓虹,王萌,等.汶川地震滑坡的特点及最大震中距分析[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):10～15.Qiao Jianping,Pu Xiaohong,Wang Meng,etc.Analysis of distribu-tion characteristics of landslide induced in Wenchuan earthquakeand relevant maximum epicenter distance.Journal of Natural Dis-asters 2009,18(5):10～15.
[7]张茂省,唐亚明.地质灾害风险调查的方法与实践[J].地质通报,2008,27(8):1205～1216.Zhang Maosheng,Tang Ya-ming.Landslide risk investigationmethod and practice.Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(8):1205～1216.
[8]祁生文,许强,刘春玲等.汶川地震极重灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律[J].工程地质学报.2009.17(1):39～50.Qi Shengwen,Xu Qiang,Liu Chunling,etc.Slope instabilities inthe severest disaster areas of5.12 Wenchuan earthquakes.Journalof Engineering Geology.2009,17(1):39～50.
[9]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J]工程地质学报.2009,17(1):19～29.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard trig-gered by Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19～29.
[10]王运生,罗永红,吉峰等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报.2008,16(6):759～764.Wang Yunsheng,Luo Yonghong,Ji Feng,etc.Analysis of thecontrolling factors on geo-hazards in mountainous epicenter zonesof the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology2008,16(6):759～764.
[11]陕西省国土资源厅.陕西省汶川地震灾区地质灾害排查报告[R],2008.Shaanxi Bureau of land and resource.Investigation of Geo-hazardin Shaanxi Province by Wenchuan Earthquake,2008.
[12]中国地质环境监测院.全国地质灾害通报(2008年1—12月)[R],2008.China Institute of Geo-environment Monitoring.Bulletin of Na-tionwide Geologic Hazards from January to december in 2008,2008.
[13]甘肃省国土资源厅.关于地震引发次生地质灾害及抗震救灾情况报告[R],2008.Gansu Bureau of land and reource.Report of Geo-hazard trig-gered by Wenchuan earthquake and hazard relief during Wen-chuan earthquake,2008.
[14]张栓厚,王学平,林平选,等.陕西龙门山地震带地质灾害的地质构造约束[J].陕西地质,2008,26(2):44～54.Zhang Shuanhou,Wang Xueping,Lin Pingxuan,etc.The geolog-ical structures of geohazards occurring in the Longmenshan seis-mic zone in Shaanxi province.Geology of Shaanxi.2008,26(2):44～54.
[15]吴树仁,石菊松,姚鑫,等.四川汶川地震地质灾害活动强度分析评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1900～1906.Wu Shuren,Shi Jusong,Yao Xin etc.Analysis and evaluation ofgeo-hazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,Chi-na,Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1900～1906.
[16]王涛,马寅生,龙长兴,等.四川汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1913～1922.Wang Tao,Ma Yansheng,Long Changxing,etc.Fault activity ofthe Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China and seismic second-ary geo-hazards,Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1913～1922.
[17]都吉夔,张勤,宋立军等.四川汶川8.0级地震间接经济损失评估方法[J].灾害学,2008,23(4):130～133.Du Jikui,Zhang Qin,Song Lijun,etc.Assessment method of indi-rect economic loss from Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake.Journal ofCatastrophology.2008,23(4):130～133.
[18]王雁林.陕西省地质灾害成功预报实例分析及其模式探讨[J].灾害学,2006.21(4):71～75.Wang yanlin.Success forecast example analysis and pattern ongeological disaster in Shaanxi province.Journal of Catastropholo-gy,2006,21(4):71～75.
[19]王雁林.陕南地区滑坡灾害气象预报预警及其防范对策探析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(4):345～350.Wang Yanlin.Study on the early-warning and prediction of land-slide hazards and countermeasures in south of Shaanxi prov-ince.Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preserva-tion.2005,16(4):345～350.
[20]王雁林.陕西省地质灾害实例分析及致灾模式探讨[J].灾害学,2008,23(3):71～75.Wang yanlin.Discussion on geological hazard case analysis andinducing pattern in Shaanxi Province.Journal of Catastrophology,2008,23(3):71～75.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心