工程地震中的场地分类方法及适用性评述
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摘要
文中对工程地震中常用的场地类别划分方法分两类进行了对比分析。一类为结构抗震设计规范中用于确定场地影响的标准化方法,主要介绍了中国、美国、欧洲及日本抗震规范中的场地类别划分方法、分类指标,对比分析了各指标(如剪切波速、覆盖层厚度等)存在的问题,并对中国新一代抗震规范中场地条件的划分提出了建议。另一类为地震危险性预测中确定场地影响的区域性的场地类别划分方法,主要介绍了目前研究较多的基于地质、地形、地貌等特征,并与抗震规范中的场地分类指标(一般剪切波速居多)建立对应关系进行区域性场地类别划分的宏观方法,同时还介绍了利用强震记录反应谱进行场地分类的方法。最后讨论了各自的优势、局限性以及适用范围。
Two kinds of site classification methods commonly used in earthquake engineering are analyzed in this paper.One is standard methods stipulated in seismic codes,and used to determine the site effects on seismic parameters for the seismic resistance of structures,the site classification methods and site indexes in seismic codes of China,United States,Europe and Japan are presented,and the problems about site index are discussed,such as the calculation method and depth of shear wave velocity,the choice of initial layer,the grade of overburden thickness,etc.Then some suggestions are put forward for the new generation of seismic code in China.The other kind of site classification methods is used to predict site effects on a large scale for a regional seismic hazard prediction.The popularly studied methods based on geology,topography and geomorphology are described in detail.The common character of this kind of methods is to find an easily obtained macro index,and to summarize the rules between the macro index and the site index in seismic codes(shear wave velocity in most cases),and then the regional site category zonation can be delineated.The response spectrum methods of ground motion are also presented here,such as RSS(Response Spectral Shape)and HVSR(Horizontal-Vertical Spectral Ratio),they can be used in areas with abundant ground motion records.Finally the advantage,limitation and applicable scope of these methods are discussed.
Two kinds of site classification methods commonly used in earthquake engineering are analyzed in this paper.One is standard methods stipulated in seismic codes,and used to determine the site effects on seismic parameters for the seismic resistance of structures,the site classification methods and site indexes in seismic codes of China,United States,Europe and Japan are presented,and the problems about site index are discussed,such as the calculation method and depth of shear wave velocity,the choice of initial layer,the grade of overburden thickness,etc.Then some suggestions are put forward for the new generation of seismic code in China.The other kind of site classification methods is used to predict site effects on a large scale for a regional seismic hazard prediction.The popularly studied methods based on geology,topography and geomorphology are described in detail.The common character of this kind of methods is to find an easily obtained macro index,and to summarize the rules between the macro index and the site index in seismic codes(shear wave velocity in most cases),and then the regional site category zonation can be delineated.The response spectrum methods of ground motion are also presented here,such as RSS(Response Spectral Shape)and HVSR(Horizontal-Vertical Spectral Ratio),they can be used in areas with abundant ground motion records.Finally the advantage,limitation and applicable scope of these methods are discussed.
引文
[1]中国科学院土木建筑研究所,1959,建筑抗震设计规范(草案稿)。
[2]中国科学院工程力学研究所,1964,地震区建筑设计规范(草案稿)。
等效剪切波V/m.s-1[3]周锡元等,1983,多层场地土分类与抗震设计反应谱,中国建筑科学研究院建筑科学研究报告。
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安雪晖,何世钦,小原孝之.2008.日本抗震规范变迁与震害调查启示[A].见:汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.AN Xue-hui,HE Shi-qin,OBARA Takayuki.2008.The evolution of seismic code in Japan and enlightenment of seis-mic damage investigation[A].In:Report of Investigation on Seismic Damage of Buildings during WenchuanEarthquake and Advice for Post-earthquake Reconstruction.China Architecture and Building Press,Beijing(inChinese).
薄景山,李秀领,李山有.2003a.场地条件对地震动影响研究的若干进展[J].世界地震工程,19(2):11—15.BO Jing-shan,LI Xiu-ling,LI Shan-you.2003a.Some progress of study on the effect of site conditions on ground mo-tion[J].World Earthquake Engineering,19(2):11—15(in Chinese).
薄景山,李秀领,刘德东,等.2003b.土层结构对反应谱特征周期的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,23(5):42—45.BO Jing-shan,LI Xiu-ling,LIU De-dong,et al.2003b.Effects of soil layer construction on characteristic periods of re-sponse spectra[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,23(5):42—45(in Chinese).
薄景山,李秀领,刘德东,等.2003c.土层结构对反应谱平台值的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,23(4):29—33.BO Jing-shan,LI Xiu-ling,LIU De-dong,et al.2003c.Effects of soil layer construction on platform value of responsespectra[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,23(4):29—33(in Chinese).
薄景山,吴兆营,翟庆生,等.2004a.三种土层结构反应谱平台值的统计分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,24(2):23—28.BO Jing-shan,WU Zhao-ying,ZHAI Qing-sheng,et al.2004a.Statistical analysis on flat section values of responsespectra in three kinds of soil layer constructions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,24(2):23—28(in Chinese).
薄景山,吴兆营,翟庆生,等.2004b.三种土层结构反应谱特征周期的统计分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,24(3):124—129.BO Jing-shan,WU Zhao-ying,ZHAI Qing-sheng,et al.2004b.Statistic analysis of characteristic periods of responsespectra for three soil layer constructions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,24(3):124—129(in Chinese).
薄景山,翟庆生,吴兆营,等.2004c.基于土层结构的场地分类方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,24(4):46—49.BO Jing-shan,ZHAI Qing-sheng,WU Zhao-ying,et al.2004c.Site classification method based on soil layer construc-tion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,24(4):46—49(in Chinese).
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国家技术监督局,中华人民共和国建设部.1996.电力设施抗震设计规范(GB50260-96)[S].北京:中国计划出版社.State Bureau of Technical Supervision,Ministry of Construction of People s Republic of China.1996.National Stand-ards of People s Republic of China GB50260-96,Code for Seismic Design of Electrical Installations[S].ChinaPlanning Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
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国家基本建设委员会建筑科学研究院.1974.工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范(TJl1-74)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.Architecture Design and Research Institute of State Capital Construction Commission of China.1974.Code for SeismicDesign of Industrial and Civil Buildings(TJl1-74)[S].China Architecture Building Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
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