2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震震害分布特征及发震构造分析
|
摘要
2013年7月22日,甘肃岷县漳县M S6.6地震发生在南北地震带的中北段,东昆仑断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂是该地区复杂多样的构造几何特征中2条主要的边界控制断裂。这次地震的震害分布与临潭-宕昌断裂的走向基本一致,为长轴走向NWW的椭圆,极震区内严重破坏范围也完全位于该断裂带内,这与临潭-宕昌断裂复杂的几何结构密切相关,也说明地震的发生是多条次级断裂共同作用的结果。综合分析认为,受西秦岭北缘断裂带向南侧的扩展和青藏高原向NE扩展过程中东昆仑断裂带的NE向挤压作用共同影响下的临潭-宕昌断裂是这次地震的发震构造。
On July 22,2013,the Minxian-Zhanxian MS6.6 earthquake occurred at the central-northern part of the South-North Seismic Belt.In the area,complicated structural geometries are controlled by major strike-slip fault zones,i.e.the Eastern Kunlun Fault and the Northern Frontal Fault of West Qinling.The distribution of related seismic disasters,namely,the ellipse with its major axis trending NWW,is in good accord with the strike of the Lintan-Tanchang Fault.Severe damages in the meizoseismal area of the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake are located within the fault zone.So it is considered that the earthquake related damages are closely related to the complicated geometry of the Lintan-Tanchang Fault,and it also indicates that the earthquake is the outcome of joint action of its secondary faults.Based on field investigations,and by integrating the results of previous studies on active tectonics,structural deformation and geophysical data,it can be inferred that the southward extension of the Northern Frontal Fault of West Qinling and the northeastward extrusion of the Eastern Kunlun Fault in the process of northeastward growth of Tibetan plateau are the main source of tectonic stress.Basic tectonic model is provided for strong earthquake generation on the Lintan-Tanchang Fault.
On July 22,2013,the Minxian-Zhanxian MS6.6 earthquake occurred at the central-northern part of the South-North Seismic Belt.In the area,complicated structural geometries are controlled by major strike-slip fault zones,i.e.the Eastern Kunlun Fault and the Northern Frontal Fault of West Qinling.The distribution of related seismic disasters,namely,the ellipse with its major axis trending NWW,is in good accord with the strike of the Lintan-Tanchang Fault.Severe damages in the meizoseismal area of the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake are located within the fault zone.So it is considered that the earthquake related damages are closely related to the complicated geometry of the Lintan-Tanchang Fault,and it also indicates that the earthquake is the outcome of joint action of its secondary faults.Based on field investigations,and by integrating the results of previous studies on active tectonics,structural deformation and geophysical data,it can be inferred that the southward extension of the Northern Frontal Fault of West Qinling and the northeastward extrusion of the Eastern Kunlun Fault in the process of northeastward growth of Tibetan plateau are the main source of tectonic stress.Basic tectonic model is provided for strong earthquake generation on the Lintan-Tanchang Fault.
引文
顾功叙主编.1983.中国地震目录[Z].北京:科学出版社.96.GU Gong-xu.1983.Catalogue of Chinese Earthquake[Z].Science Press,Beijing.96(in Chinese).
国家地震局兰州地震研究所编.1989.甘肃省地震资料汇编[Z].北京:地震出版社.30—31.Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,State Seismological Bureau(ed).1989.A Collection of Earthquake Data of Gansu Province[Z].Seismological Press,Beijing.30—31(in Chinese).
韩竹军,向宏发,冉勇康.2001.青藏高原东缘礼县-罗家堡断裂带晚更新世以来的活动性分析[J].地震地质,23 (1):43—48.HAN Zhu-jun,XIANG Hong-fa,RAN Yong-kang.2001.Activity analysis of Lixian-Luojiapu Fault zone in the east boundary of Tibetan plateau since the Late-Pleistocene[J].Seismology and Geology,23(1):43—48(in Chinese).
何文贵,周志宇,马尔曼,等.2006.2004年9月7日岷县-卓尼5.0级地震的基本特征和地质背景研究[J].地震研究,29(3):57—62.HE Wen-gui,ZHOU Zhi-yu,MA Er-man,et al.2006.The research on principal feature and geologic background of Minxian-Zhuoni M S5 .0 earthquake on Sep.9,2004[J].Journal of Seismological Research,29(3):57—62(in Chinese).
侯康明,雷中生,万夫岭,等.2005.1879年武都南8级大地震及其同震破裂研究[J].中国地震,21(3):295—310 .HOU Kang-ming,LEI Zhong-sheng,WAN Fu-ling,et al.2005.Research on the 1879 southern Wudu M8.0 earthquake and its coseismic ruptures[J].Earthquake Research in China,21(3):295—310(in Chinese).
姜春发,王宗起,李锦轶,等著.2000.中央造山带开合构造[M].北京:地质出版社.JIANG Chun-fa,WANG Zong-qi,LI Jin-yi,et al.(eds).2000.Opening-Closing Tectonics of the Central Orogenic Belt[M].Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
赖晓玲,李松林,宋占龙,等.2009.南北构造带天水、武都强震区地壳和上地幔顶部结构[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),34(4):651—657.LAI Xiao-ling,LI Song-lin,SONG Zhan-long,et al.2009.Structure of crust and upper mantle in Tainshui-Wudu strong earthquake region of north-south tectonic belt[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,34(4):651—657(in Chinese).
李传友.2005.青藏高原东北部几条主要断裂带的定量研究[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.193 —203.LI Chuan-you.2005.Quantitative studies on major active fault zones in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau[D].Ph D thesis.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing.193—203(in Chinese).
李松林,张先康,张成科,等.2002.玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,45(1):210—217.LI Song-lin,ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHANG Cheng-ke,et al.2002.A preliminary study on the crustal velocity structure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian by means of deep seismic sounding profile[J].Chinese J Geophys,45(1):210—217(in Chinese).
王志才,张培震,张广良,等.2006.西秦岭北缘构造带的新生代构造活动:兼论对青藏高原东北缘形成过程的指示意义[J].地学前缘,13(4):119—135.WANG Zhi-cai,ZHANG Pei-zhen,ZHANG Guang-liang,et al.2006.Tertiary tectonic activities of north frontal fault zone of the west Qinling Mountains:Implications for the growth of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,13(4):119—135(in Chinese).
许冲,徐锡伟,郑文俊,等.2013.2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震触发滑坡及其构造分析[J].地震地质,35(3):616—626.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.015.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Wen-jun,et al.2013.Landslides triggered by the July 22,2013 Minxian-Zhangxian,Gansu Province M S6 .6 earthquake and its tectonic analyses[J].Seismology and Geology,35(3):616—626(in Chinese).
俞晶星,郑文俊,袁道阳,等.2012.西秦岭西段光盖山-迭山断裂带坪定-化马断裂的新活动与运动特征[J].第四纪研究,32(5):957—967.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2012.05.13.YU Jing-xing,ZHENG Wen-jun,YUAN Dao-yang,et al.2012.Late Quaternary active characteristics and slip-rate of Pingding-Huama Fault,the eastern segment of Guanggaishan-Dieshan Fault zone(West Qinlin Mountains)[J].Quaternary Sciences,32(5):957—967(in Chinese).
袁道阳.2003.青藏高原东北缘晚新生代以来的构造变形特征与时空演化[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.137—145.YUAN Dao-yang.2003.Tectonic deformation features and space-time evolution in northeastern margin of the QinghaiTibetan plateau since the late Cenozoic time[D].Ph D thesis.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing.137—145(in Chinese).
袁道阳,雷中生,何文贵,等.2007.公元前186年甘肃武都地震考证与发震构造探讨[J].地震学报,29(6):654 —663.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,HE Wen-gui,et al.2007.Textual research of Wudu earthquake in 186 B.C.in Gansu Province,China and discussion on its causative structure[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(6):654—663(in Chinese).
袁道阳,张培震,刘百篪,等2004.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换[J].地质学报,78(2):270—278.YUAN Dao-yang,ZHANG Pei-zhen,LIU Bai-chi,et al.2004.Geometrical imagery and transformation of late Quaternary active tectonics in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,78(2):270—278(in Chinese).
张国伟,郭安林,刘福田,等.1996.秦岭造山带三维结构及其动力学分析[J].中国科学(D辑),26(增刊):1—6 .ZHANG Guo-wei,GUO An-lin,LIU Fu-tian,et al.1996.Analysis on dynamics and 3D structure of the Qinling orogen[J].Science in China(Ser D),26(suppl):1—6(in Chinese).
张国伟,孟庆任,赖绍聪.1995.秦岭造山带的结构构造[J].中国科学(D辑),25(9):994—1003.ZHANG Guo-wei,MENG Qing-ren,LAI Shao-cong.1995.Structure of the Qinling orogen[J].Science in China(Ser D),25(9):994—1003(in Chinese).
张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.2001.秦岭造山带与大陆动力[M].北京:科学出版社.ZHANG Guo-wei,ZHANG Ben-reng,YUAN Xue-cheng,et al.2001.Qinling Orogenic Belt and Continental Dynamics[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
赵金仁,李松林,张先康,等.2005.青藏高原东北缘莫霍界面的三维空间构造特征[J].地球物理学报,48(1):78 —85.ZHAO Jin-ren,LI Song-lin,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2005.Three dimensional Moho geometry beneath the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese J Geophys,48(1):78—85(in Chinese).
郑文俊,刘小凤,赵广坤,等.2005.2003年11月13日甘肃岷县M S5 .2地震基本特征[J].西北地震学报,27(1):61—65.ZHENG Wen-jun,LIU Xiao-feng,ZHAO Guang-kun,et al.2005.Principal features of Minxian M S5 .2 earthquake in Gansu Province,on Nov.13,2003[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,27(1):61—65(in Chinese).
郑文俊,雷中生,袁道阳,等.2007a.1573年甘肃岷县地震史料考证与发震构造探讨[J].中国地震,23(1):73 —83.ZHENG Wen-jun,LEI Zhong-sheng,YUAN Dao-yang,et al.2007a.Textual research on the historical data of the 1573AD Minxian earthquake in Gansu Province and discussion on its seismogenic structure[J].Earthquake Research in China,23(1):73—83(in Chinese).
郑文俊,雷中生,袁道阳,等.2007b.1837年甘肃岷县北6级地震考证与发震构造分析[J].地震,27(1):120—130 .ZHENG Wen-jun,LEI Zhong-sheng,YUAN Dao-yang,et al.2007b.Structural research on the 1837 northern Minxian M6 earthquake in Gansu Province and its causative structure[J].Earthquake,27(1):120—130(in Chinese).
郑文俊,袁道阳,何文贵,等.2013.甘东南地区构造活动特征:兼论岷县漳县M S6 .6地震孕震机制[J].地球物理学报(出版中).ZHENG Wen-jun,YUAN Dao-yang,HE Wen-gui,et al.2013.Geometric pattern and active tectonics in southeastern Gansu Province:Discussion on seismogenic mechanism of the Minxian-Zhanxian M S6 .6 earthquake on July 22,2013[J].Chinese J Geophys,(in press)(in Chinese).
Darka A.1996.Slip distribution along the North Anatolian Fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period1939-1967[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,86(5):1238—1254.
Dewey J F,Burke K C A.1973.Tibetan,Variscan and Precambrian reactivation:Products of continental collision[J].J Geol,81:683—692.
Duvall A R,Clark M K.2010.Dissipation of fast strike-slip faulting within and beyond northeastern Tibet[J].Geology,38 :223—226.
Duvall A R,Clark M K,van der Pluijm B A,et al.2011.Direct dating of Eocene reverse faulting in northeastern Tibet using Ar-dating of fault clays and low-temperature thermochronometry[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,304 :520—526.
Gan Wei-jun,Zhang Pei-zhen,Shen Zheng-kang,et al.2007.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan plateau inferred from GPS measurements[J].J Geophys Res,112:B08416.doi:10.1029/2005 JB004120.
Métivier F,Gaudemer Y,Tapponnier P,et al.1998.Northeastward growth of the Tibet plateau deduced from balanced reconstruction of the two areas:The Qaidam and Hexi corridor basins,China[J].Tectonics,17:823—842.
Molnar P,Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of a continental collision[J].Science,189:419—426.
Molnar P,Stock J M.2009.Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics[J].Tectonics,28,Art No TC3001.doi:10.1029/2008TC002271.
Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Ledain A,et al.1982.Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from experiments with plasticine[J].Geology,10(12):611—616.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet plateau[J].Science,294(23):1671—1677.
Wang Zhi-cai,Zhang Pei-zhen,Garzione C N,et al.2012.Magnetostratigraphy and depositional history of the Miocene Wushan Basin on the NE Tibetan plateau,China:Implications for middle Miocene tectonics of the West Qinling Fault zone[J].J Asian Earth Sci,44:189—202.
Zhang Pei-zhen,Shen Zheng-kang,Wang Min,et al.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan plateau from global positioning system data[J].Geology,32(9):809—812.
国家地震局兰州地震研究所编.1989.甘肃省地震资料汇编[Z].北京:地震出版社.30—31.Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,State Seismological Bureau(ed).1989.A Collection of Earthquake Data of Gansu Province[Z].Seismological Press,Beijing.30—31(in Chinese).
韩竹军,向宏发,冉勇康.2001.青藏高原东缘礼县-罗家堡断裂带晚更新世以来的活动性分析[J].地震地质,23 (1):43—48.HAN Zhu-jun,XIANG Hong-fa,RAN Yong-kang.2001.Activity analysis of Lixian-Luojiapu Fault zone in the east boundary of Tibetan plateau since the Late-Pleistocene[J].Seismology and Geology,23(1):43—48(in Chinese).
何文贵,周志宇,马尔曼,等.2006.2004年9月7日岷县-卓尼5.0级地震的基本特征和地质背景研究[J].地震研究,29(3):57—62.HE Wen-gui,ZHOU Zhi-yu,MA Er-man,et al.2006.The research on principal feature and geologic background of Minxian-Zhuoni M S5 .0 earthquake on Sep.9,2004[J].Journal of Seismological Research,29(3):57—62(in Chinese).
侯康明,雷中生,万夫岭,等.2005.1879年武都南8级大地震及其同震破裂研究[J].中国地震,21(3):295—310 .HOU Kang-ming,LEI Zhong-sheng,WAN Fu-ling,et al.2005.Research on the 1879 southern Wudu M8.0 earthquake and its coseismic ruptures[J].Earthquake Research in China,21(3):295—310(in Chinese).
姜春发,王宗起,李锦轶,等著.2000.中央造山带开合构造[M].北京:地质出版社.JIANG Chun-fa,WANG Zong-qi,LI Jin-yi,et al.(eds).2000.Opening-Closing Tectonics of the Central Orogenic Belt[M].Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
赖晓玲,李松林,宋占龙,等.2009.南北构造带天水、武都强震区地壳和上地幔顶部结构[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),34(4):651—657.LAI Xiao-ling,LI Song-lin,SONG Zhan-long,et al.2009.Structure of crust and upper mantle in Tainshui-Wudu strong earthquake region of north-south tectonic belt[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,34(4):651—657(in Chinese).
李传友.2005.青藏高原东北部几条主要断裂带的定量研究[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.193 —203.LI Chuan-you.2005.Quantitative studies on major active fault zones in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau[D].Ph D thesis.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing.193—203(in Chinese).
李松林,张先康,张成科,等.2002.玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,45(1):210—217.LI Song-lin,ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHANG Cheng-ke,et al.2002.A preliminary study on the crustal velocity structure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian by means of deep seismic sounding profile[J].Chinese J Geophys,45(1):210—217(in Chinese).
王志才,张培震,张广良,等.2006.西秦岭北缘构造带的新生代构造活动:兼论对青藏高原东北缘形成过程的指示意义[J].地学前缘,13(4):119—135.WANG Zhi-cai,ZHANG Pei-zhen,ZHANG Guang-liang,et al.2006.Tertiary tectonic activities of north frontal fault zone of the west Qinling Mountains:Implications for the growth of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,13(4):119—135(in Chinese).
许冲,徐锡伟,郑文俊,等.2013.2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震触发滑坡及其构造分析[J].地震地质,35(3):616—626.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.015.XU Chong,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Wen-jun,et al.2013.Landslides triggered by the July 22,2013 Minxian-Zhangxian,Gansu Province M S6 .6 earthquake and its tectonic analyses[J].Seismology and Geology,35(3):616—626(in Chinese).
俞晶星,郑文俊,袁道阳,等.2012.西秦岭西段光盖山-迭山断裂带坪定-化马断裂的新活动与运动特征[J].第四纪研究,32(5):957—967.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2012.05.13.YU Jing-xing,ZHENG Wen-jun,YUAN Dao-yang,et al.2012.Late Quaternary active characteristics and slip-rate of Pingding-Huama Fault,the eastern segment of Guanggaishan-Dieshan Fault zone(West Qinlin Mountains)[J].Quaternary Sciences,32(5):957—967(in Chinese).
袁道阳.2003.青藏高原东北缘晚新生代以来的构造变形特征与时空演化[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.137—145.YUAN Dao-yang.2003.Tectonic deformation features and space-time evolution in northeastern margin of the QinghaiTibetan plateau since the late Cenozoic time[D].Ph D thesis.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing.137—145(in Chinese).
袁道阳,雷中生,何文贵,等.2007.公元前186年甘肃武都地震考证与发震构造探讨[J].地震学报,29(6):654 —663.YUAN Dao-yang,LEI Zhong-sheng,HE Wen-gui,et al.2007.Textual research of Wudu earthquake in 186 B.C.in Gansu Province,China and discussion on its causative structure[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(6):654—663(in Chinese).
袁道阳,张培震,刘百篪,等2004.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换[J].地质学报,78(2):270—278.YUAN Dao-yang,ZHANG Pei-zhen,LIU Bai-chi,et al.2004.Geometrical imagery and transformation of late Quaternary active tectonics in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,78(2):270—278(in Chinese).
张国伟,郭安林,刘福田,等.1996.秦岭造山带三维结构及其动力学分析[J].中国科学(D辑),26(增刊):1—6 .ZHANG Guo-wei,GUO An-lin,LIU Fu-tian,et al.1996.Analysis on dynamics and 3D structure of the Qinling orogen[J].Science in China(Ser D),26(suppl):1—6(in Chinese).
张国伟,孟庆任,赖绍聪.1995.秦岭造山带的结构构造[J].中国科学(D辑),25(9):994—1003.ZHANG Guo-wei,MENG Qing-ren,LAI Shao-cong.1995.Structure of the Qinling orogen[J].Science in China(Ser D),25(9):994—1003(in Chinese).
张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.2001.秦岭造山带与大陆动力[M].北京:科学出版社.ZHANG Guo-wei,ZHANG Ben-reng,YUAN Xue-cheng,et al.2001.Qinling Orogenic Belt and Continental Dynamics[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
赵金仁,李松林,张先康,等.2005.青藏高原东北缘莫霍界面的三维空间构造特征[J].地球物理学报,48(1):78 —85.ZHAO Jin-ren,LI Song-lin,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2005.Three dimensional Moho geometry beneath the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese J Geophys,48(1):78—85(in Chinese).
郑文俊,刘小凤,赵广坤,等.2005.2003年11月13日甘肃岷县M S5 .2地震基本特征[J].西北地震学报,27(1):61—65.ZHENG Wen-jun,LIU Xiao-feng,ZHAO Guang-kun,et al.2005.Principal features of Minxian M S5 .2 earthquake in Gansu Province,on Nov.13,2003[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,27(1):61—65(in Chinese).
郑文俊,雷中生,袁道阳,等.2007a.1573年甘肃岷县地震史料考证与发震构造探讨[J].中国地震,23(1):73 —83.ZHENG Wen-jun,LEI Zhong-sheng,YUAN Dao-yang,et al.2007a.Textual research on the historical data of the 1573AD Minxian earthquake in Gansu Province and discussion on its seismogenic structure[J].Earthquake Research in China,23(1):73—83(in Chinese).
郑文俊,雷中生,袁道阳,等.2007b.1837年甘肃岷县北6级地震考证与发震构造分析[J].地震,27(1):120—130 .ZHENG Wen-jun,LEI Zhong-sheng,YUAN Dao-yang,et al.2007b.Structural research on the 1837 northern Minxian M6 earthquake in Gansu Province and its causative structure[J].Earthquake,27(1):120—130(in Chinese).
郑文俊,袁道阳,何文贵,等.2013.甘东南地区构造活动特征:兼论岷县漳县M S6 .6地震孕震机制[J].地球物理学报(出版中).ZHENG Wen-jun,YUAN Dao-yang,HE Wen-gui,et al.2013.Geometric pattern and active tectonics in southeastern Gansu Province:Discussion on seismogenic mechanism of the Minxian-Zhanxian M S6 .6 earthquake on July 22,2013[J].Chinese J Geophys,(in press)(in Chinese).
Darka A.1996.Slip distribution along the North Anatolian Fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period1939-1967[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,86(5):1238—1254.
Dewey J F,Burke K C A.1973.Tibetan,Variscan and Precambrian reactivation:Products of continental collision[J].J Geol,81:683—692.
Duvall A R,Clark M K.2010.Dissipation of fast strike-slip faulting within and beyond northeastern Tibet[J].Geology,38 :223—226.
Duvall A R,Clark M K,van der Pluijm B A,et al.2011.Direct dating of Eocene reverse faulting in northeastern Tibet using Ar-dating of fault clays and low-temperature thermochronometry[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,304 :520—526.
Gan Wei-jun,Zhang Pei-zhen,Shen Zheng-kang,et al.2007.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan plateau inferred from GPS measurements[J].J Geophys Res,112:B08416.doi:10.1029/2005 JB004120.
Métivier F,Gaudemer Y,Tapponnier P,et al.1998.Northeastward growth of the Tibet plateau deduced from balanced reconstruction of the two areas:The Qaidam and Hexi corridor basins,China[J].Tectonics,17:823—842.
Molnar P,Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of a continental collision[J].Science,189:419—426.
Molnar P,Stock J M.2009.Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics[J].Tectonics,28,Art No TC3001.doi:10.1029/2008TC002271.
Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Ledain A,et al.1982.Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from experiments with plasticine[J].Geology,10(12):611—616.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet plateau[J].Science,294(23):1671—1677.
Wang Zhi-cai,Zhang Pei-zhen,Garzione C N,et al.2012.Magnetostratigraphy and depositional history of the Miocene Wushan Basin on the NE Tibetan plateau,China:Implications for middle Miocene tectonics of the West Qinling Fault zone[J].J Asian Earth Sci,44:189—202.
Zhang Pei-zhen,Shen Zheng-kang,Wang Min,et al.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan plateau from global positioning system data[J].Geology,32(9):809—812.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心