汶川抗震救灾战区卫勤保障的实践与启示
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摘要
目的总结汶川特大地震战区卫勤保障的做法与经验,提高军队应对多样化军事任务的卫勤保障能力。方法对汶川特大地震战区卫勤指挥与保障进行回顾性调查与描述性分析,结合作者的抗震救灾卫勤指挥实践,形成军队应对多样化军事任务卫勤建设与保障的建议。结果汶川特大地震灾区的总面积约50万km2,其中重灾区约13万km2,共有430余万名伤病员需要救治。战区抗震救灾卫勤保障的主要特点是:受领任务急,协调难度大,阶段转换快,保障任务重。战区抗震救灾卫勤保障的具体做法是:贯彻落实上级的命令和决心,牢牢把握抗震救灾卫勤保障的正确方向;统一指挥、整体协调,努力提高卫勤指挥效能;科学使用卫勤力量,快速构建军民结合的卫勤保障体系;灵活运用多种保障方法,不断提高卫勤保障效能。通过有力的卫勤保障,维护和提高了执行任务部队的战斗力,保证了伤病群众和官兵得到及时救治,确保了灾区大灾之后无大疫。结论针对本次抗震救灾卫勤保障暴露出来的问题,如应对重大自然灾害卫勤保障准备不充分,组织指挥协同机制不顺畅,保障条件和手段落后等,结合军队卫勤建设必须适应多样化军事任务的特点,应着力提高四种能力,即:适应突发性强的特点,提高快速应变能力;适应多军兵种执行任务的特点,提高联合行动能力;适应专业性强的特点,提高专业化、精确化保障水平;适应任务复杂的特点,提高卫勤力量全面建设能力。
Objective To summarize the experiences of logistics support in disaster areas stricken by the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake with the aim to improve the ability to effectively meet various military missions. Methods The experiences of logistics support in disaster areas stricken by the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. With the author's knowledge of commanding the health service in rescue work, a proposal was put forward on the organization of military logistics and health support to effectively meet various military missions in the future. Results The disaster areas stricken by the strong Wenchuan earthquake were about 500 thousand km2, in which about 130 thousand km2 areas were heavily stricken, and about 4.3 million casualties needed to be treated. The peculiarities of the rescue support in the disaster areas were as follows: urgency in mission, difficulty in coordination, urgent and rapid changes in tasks, and difficelty in ensuring supply. For the military logistic service, the specific services in disaster areas were: to strictly carry out the commands from high authorities and determination to carry out the rescue work of health support; to unify the commands, and coordinate as a whole to enhance the efficiency of health service command; to carry out rational deployment of medical teams and rapidly organize a combined military and civilian medical support system; to dexterously utilize every single resource of health service, and continuously enhance the efficiency of health service. By means of high efficiency of health service, the fighting capacity of troops in carrying out the task had been withheld and enhanced, ensuring timely treatment of the injured, and no outbreak of epidemic, which used to prevail after a strong earthquake. Conclusions In view of existing problems in medical support in rescuing the casualties in this disaster, such as insufficient preparedness of health service in dealing with catastrophic natural disaster, imperfect organization and coordination system, and backward in equipments and techniques, and the prospects that the necessity of developing military health service to meet the needs of various military tasks in the future, it is suggested that: the capacity to respond to meet sudden accidents should be honed, capacity of coordinated action in carrying out tasks by combined forces should be enhanced; the levels of surgical expertise and medical support should be elevated, and the construction of logistics forces should be strengthened.
Objective To summarize the experiences of logistics support in disaster areas stricken by the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake with the aim to improve the ability to effectively meet various military missions. Methods The experiences of logistics support in disaster areas stricken by the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. With the author's knowledge of commanding the health service in rescue work, a proposal was put forward on the organization of military logistics and health support to effectively meet various military missions in the future. Results The disaster areas stricken by the strong Wenchuan earthquake were about 500 thousand km2, in which about 130 thousand km2 areas were heavily stricken, and about 4.3 million casualties needed to be treated. The peculiarities of the rescue support in the disaster areas were as follows: urgency in mission, difficulty in coordination, urgent and rapid changes in tasks, and difficelty in ensuring supply. For the military logistic service, the specific services in disaster areas were: to strictly carry out the commands from high authorities and determination to carry out the rescue work of health support; to unify the commands, and coordinate as a whole to enhance the efficiency of health service command; to carry out rational deployment of medical teams and rapidly organize a combined military and civilian medical support system; to dexterously utilize every single resource of health service, and continuously enhance the efficiency of health service. By means of high efficiency of health service, the fighting capacity of troops in carrying out the task had been withheld and enhanced, ensuring timely treatment of the injured, and no outbreak of epidemic, which used to prevail after a strong earthquake. Conclusions In view of existing problems in medical support in rescuing the casualties in this disaster, such as insufficient preparedness of health service in dealing with catastrophic natural disaster, imperfect organization and coordination system, and backward in equipments and techniques, and the prospects that the necessity of developing military health service to meet the needs of various military tasks in the future, it is suggested that: the capacity to respond to meet sudden accidents should be honed, capacity of coordinated action in carrying out tasks by combined forces should be enhanced; the levels of surgical expertise and medical support should be elevated, and the construction of logistics forces should be strengthened.
引文
[1]张雁灵.汶川特大地震医学救援活动与思考.解放军医学杂志,2009,34(1):1
[2]卢世璧.汶川地震伤员救治分级处理的重要性.解放军医学杂志,2008,33(8):919
[3]王正国,张连阳.汶川地震医学救援的经验教训与发展建议.解放军医学杂志,2009,34(2):129
[4]牛文忠,范泉水,石骥,等.从抗震救灾实践探讨非战争重大军事行动卫勤保障能力建设.国防卫生论坛,2008,17(3):514
[5]盛志勇.军队医院战创伤学科建设的思考.解放军医学杂志,2008,33(12):1399
[6]游海燕.美军卫勤信息化建设及其对我军的启示.西南国防医药,2007,17(2):250
[2]卢世璧.汶川地震伤员救治分级处理的重要性.解放军医学杂志,2008,33(8):919
[3]王正国,张连阳.汶川地震医学救援的经验教训与发展建议.解放军医学杂志,2009,34(2):129
[4]牛文忠,范泉水,石骥,等.从抗震救灾实践探讨非战争重大军事行动卫勤保障能力建设.国防卫生论坛,2008,17(3):514
[5]盛志勇.军队医院战创伤学科建设的思考.解放军医学杂志,2008,33(12):1399
[6]游海燕.美军卫勤信息化建设及其对我军的启示.西南国防医药,2007,17(2):250
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