汶川大地震中德阳地区液化特点分析
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摘要
汶川大地震中八个主要地区均有液化现象出现,其中德阳地区液化现象及其震害最为显著。通过现场调查和工程地质资料分析,德阳地区的液化特点为:液化带主要集中在绵竹市、什邡市和德阳市,绵竹市最为严重;液化在烈度Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ度区均有出现,但Ⅷ度区最为集中;液化喷水高度多在几公分到2 m之间,最高一处超过10 m;液化场地喷出物基本涵盖了所有土类,近50%为粉细砂,其次为卵砾石,占16%;80%的液化带伴随地裂缝,导致包括设有圈梁、构造柱的房屋整体倾斜、下沉和开裂,甚至直接倒塌;地层以较厚的砾石和卵石层为主,仅有零星薄砂层且含砾石,则虽地表喷出物多为粉细砂,但实际液化土类应为砂砾土。
In Wenchuan earthquake,liquefaction phenomena occurred in eight major regions,in which liquefaction and relevant damage in Deyang region were the most significant.Through field investigation and engineering geological data analysis,liquefaction characteristics in Deyang region are:(1) Liquefaction zones(belts) were mainly located in Mianzhu,Shifang and Deyang cities,and the most serious was in Mianzhu;(2) Liquefaction was observed in the regions of intensities Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,but mainly concentrated in intensity Ⅷ;(3) Heights of liquefaction water-jet were centimeters to meters,and the highest was more than 10m;(4) The ejected materials in liquefied sites basically covered all soil types,nearly 50% of fine sand followed by 16% of gravel;(5) 80% of the liquefaction zones were associated with cracks which caused houses tilting,sinking,cracking and even collapse even though the houses were built with ring beams and structural columns;(6) The strata contain thick gravel and cobble layers,and thin sand layers contain gravel.Therefore the actual liquefaction is gravel soil.
In Wenchuan earthquake,liquefaction phenomena occurred in eight major regions,in which liquefaction and relevant damage in Deyang region were the most significant.Through field investigation and engineering geological data analysis,liquefaction characteristics in Deyang region are:(1) Liquefaction zones(belts) were mainly located in Mianzhu,Shifang and Deyang cities,and the most serious was in Mianzhu;(2) Liquefaction was observed in the regions of intensities Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,but mainly concentrated in intensity Ⅷ;(3) Heights of liquefaction water-jet were centimeters to meters,and the highest was more than 10m;(4) The ejected materials in liquefied sites basically covered all soil types,nearly 50% of fine sand followed by 16% of gravel;(5) 80% of the liquefaction zones were associated with cracks which caused houses tilting,sinking,cracking and even collapse even though the houses were built with ring beams and structural columns;(6) The strata contain thick gravel and cobble layers,and thin sand layers contain gravel.Therefore the actual liquefaction is gravel soil.
引文
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[2]袁一凡.四川汶川8.0级地震损失评估[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):10-19.
[3]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示-三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26-33.
[4]孙景江,马强,石宏彬,等.汶川地震高烈度区城镇房屋震害简介[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(3):7-15.
[5]孙锐,袁晓铭.液化土层对地表加速度反应谱的影响[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(3),33-38.
[6]孙锐,袁晓铭.第11届国际地动力学和地震工程会议及第13届世界地震工程会议砂土液化研究综述[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(1),15-20.
[7]中国科学院工程力学研究所.海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.
[8]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
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