五号桩地区滩浅海高精度三维地震采集技术
|
摘要
五号桩地区是胜利油田滩浅海油气勘探的重点老区,增储上产的潜力巨大,但以往地震资料中深层能量弱,信噪比较低,无法满足进一步精细构造解释和油藏描述要求。针对该区复杂的地表和地下特点及难点,基于复杂构造模型正演和叠前成像效果分析,设计论证了适合于该区滩浅海高精度地震采集的观测系统形式,确保了全区陆-滩-海资料的无缝连接采集;通过研究高效激发震源和采用以近地表岩性分层及建模为基础的激发技术,来提高滩涂区域的地震激发效果;通过研究与试验气枪阵列组合参数,优选激发子波特征好、能量强的最佳气枪组合方式和沉枪深度;采用板式长尾锥检波器耦合器,提高滩涂的地震波接收效果;在海上采用高精度检波器二次定位技术和措施,提高水中检波器的定位精度。通过联合应用以上技术方法,在五号桩地区获得了高品质的地震资料,对该资料进行了处理和解释,取得了明显的地质效果。
Wuhaozhuang area is the key and old oil area of Shengli Oilfield for oil-gas exploration in beach and shallow sea.It has great potential on increase in oil reserve and production,but the energy in middle-deep layer of the existing seismic data is weak,and its signal-to-noise ratio is low,so it is hard to meet the requirements for further detailed structure interpretation and reservoir description.Aimed at the characteristics and difficulties of the complex surface and underground conditions,based on complex structure modeling and prestack imaging result analysis,we designed and proved high-precision geometries for seismic acquisition suitable for the beach and shallow sea in Wuhaozhuang area,which ensured seamless data acquisition in the land-beach-shallow-sea area.By studying high-efficient dynamite source and using the shooting techniques based on near-surface lithology layering and modeling,the shooting effect of intertidal zone was improved.By studying and testing air gun array parameters,we optimized airgun array mode and shooting depth with good wavelet characteristics and strong energy.The platelike long-tail cone geophone coupler was adopted to improve the seismic wave receiving effect in intertidal zone as well.Besides,the repositioning technology and counter measurements were utilized to improve the positioning accuracy of underwater hydrophone.By jointly using all the techniques and methods,we achieved high-quality seismic data and obvious geological effect in Wuhaozhuang area.
Wuhaozhuang area is the key and old oil area of Shengli Oilfield for oil-gas exploration in beach and shallow sea.It has great potential on increase in oil reserve and production,but the energy in middle-deep layer of the existing seismic data is weak,and its signal-to-noise ratio is low,so it is hard to meet the requirements for further detailed structure interpretation and reservoir description.Aimed at the characteristics and difficulties of the complex surface and underground conditions,based on complex structure modeling and prestack imaging result analysis,we designed and proved high-precision geometries for seismic acquisition suitable for the beach and shallow sea in Wuhaozhuang area,which ensured seamless data acquisition in the land-beach-shallow-sea area.By studying high-efficient dynamite source and using the shooting techniques based on near-surface lithology layering and modeling,the shooting effect of intertidal zone was improved.By studying and testing air gun array parameters,we optimized airgun array mode and shooting depth with good wavelet characteristics and strong energy.The platelike long-tail cone geophone coupler was adopted to improve the seismic wave receiving effect in intertidal zone as well.Besides,the repositioning technology and counter measurements were utilized to improve the positioning accuracy of underwater hydrophone.By jointly using all the techniques and methods,we achieved high-quality seismic data and obvious geological effect in Wuhaozhuang area.
引文
[1]崔汝国,王彦春,曹国滨,等.胜利油田滩浅海地区地震勘探技术[J].物探与化探,2006,30(5):441-445Cui R G,Wang Y C,Cao G B,et al.The applicationof seismic exploration technique to the beach andshallow sea area of the shengli oilfield[J].Geophysi-cal and Geochemical Exploration,2006,30(5):441-445
[2]刘学伟,尹军杰,王德志,等.基于地震数据处理的三维地震观测系统设计——泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带三维地震观测系统设计实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):375-387Liu X W,Yin J J,Wang D Z,et al.3-D seismic ge-ometry design based on seismic data processing-Caseof 3-D seismic geometry design in south steep slopeof Miyang Depression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospec-ting,2004,39(4):375-387
[3]郭恺,仝兆岐,滕厚华.地震采集面元尺度与成像横向分辨能力分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):141-147Guo K,Tong Z Q,Teng H H.Analysis on bin sizeof seismic survey and lateral resolution of imaging[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(1):141-147
[4]刘树田.地震勘探中炸药震源药型选择问题研究[J].石油物探,1999,38(4):66-73Liu S T.Research on the problem of dynamite typeselection in seismic prospecting[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,1999,38(4):66-73
[5]林大超,白春华.爆炸地震效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:55-127Lin D C,Bai C H.Seismic Effect of Explosions[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007:55-127
[6]何宗强,杨志超,山冬林,等.改变爆炸空洞形状,增强下传激发能量[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):52-53He Z Q,Yang Z C,Shan D L,et al.Enhancingdowngoing shooting energy through optimizingshape of shooting cavern[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(9):52-53
[7]李桂林,陶宗普,陈春强,等.陆上高分辨率地震勘探炸药震源激发条件分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(2):183-186Li G L,Tao Z P,Chen C Q,et al.Explosive energi-zation condition analysis of high-resolution seismicexploration offshore[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,2005,44(2):183-186
[8]王云峰.高分辨率空气枪阵列及子波研究[J].中国海上油气,1996,10(6):395-400Wang Y F.High resolution airgun array and waveletstudy[J].China offshore Oil and Gas,1996,10(6):395-400
[9]杨怀春,高生军.海洋地震勘探中空气枪震源激发特征研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):323-326Yang H C,Gao S J.The signatures of seismic wave-let excited by air guns in marine seismic survey[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):323-326
[10]李绪宣,温书亮,顾汉明,等.海上气枪阵列震源子波数值模拟研究[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):215-220Li X X,Wen S L,Gu H M,et al.A numerical simu-lation of wavelets from offshore air-gun array seis-mic source[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):215-220
[11]赵秀鹏.海洋气枪震源组合及子波模拟[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(4):36-38Zhao X P.Rine air gun array source and waveletsimulation[J].Oil&Gas Recovery Technology,2004,11(4):36-38
[12]陈浩林,宁书年,熊金良,等.气枪阵列子波数值模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):363-368Chen H L,Ning S N,Xiong J L,et al.Numericalsimulation of air-gun array wavelet[J].Oil Geophys-ical Prospecting,2003,38(4):363-368
[13]李丕龙,宋玉龙,王新红,等.滩浅海地区高精度地震勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:33-45Li P L,Song Y L,Wang X H,et al.The applicationof high-precision seismic exploration technique tothe beach and shallow sea area[M].Beijing:Petrole-um Industry Press,2006:33-45
[14]吕公河,邸志欣,朱伟强,等.滩海浅层三维地震勘探技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):613-622Lv G H,Di Z X,Zhu W Q,et al.3-D shallow seismicexploration technique in beach area[J].Oil Geophys-ical Prospecting,2008,43(6):613-622
[15]邸志欣,吕公河,段卫星,等.LK地区滩海浅层地震勘探采集技术[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(1):66-73Di Z X,Lv G H,Duan W X,et al.The seismic explo-ration acquisition techniques for the shallow layers inLK tidal zone and shallow water area[J].PetroleumGeophysics,2007,5(1):66-73
[16]吴学兵,刘志田,宁靖.海洋石油勘探水听器二次定位新方法研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(5):23-26Wu X B,Liu Z T,Ning J.A novel method study ofhydrophone second positioning for oil exploration ofocean bottom[J].Journal of China University of Pe-troleum(Edition of Natural Science),2006,30(5):23-26
[17]杨怀春,刘怀山,童思友,等.声波二次定位技术在KD-1高精度地震采集中的应用[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(4):33-36Yang H C,Liu H S,Tong S Y,et al.Application ofacoustic secondary positioning technology to high-precision seismic acquisition of kd-1area[J].MarineGeology Letters,2004,20(4):33-36
[18]李延钧,宋国奇,李文涛,等.济阳坳陷东营凹陷北带丰深1井区深层沙四下古油藏与天然气成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2):173-179Li Y J,Song G Q,Li W T,et al.A fossil oil-reser-voir and the gas origin in the lower Sha-4member ofthe well Fengshen-1area,the north Dongying zoneof the Jiyang depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(2):173-179
[2]刘学伟,尹军杰,王德志,等.基于地震数据处理的三维地震观测系统设计——泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带三维地震观测系统设计实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):375-387Liu X W,Yin J J,Wang D Z,et al.3-D seismic ge-ometry design based on seismic data processing-Caseof 3-D seismic geometry design in south steep slopeof Miyang Depression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospec-ting,2004,39(4):375-387
[3]郭恺,仝兆岐,滕厚华.地震采集面元尺度与成像横向分辨能力分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):141-147Guo K,Tong Z Q,Teng H H.Analysis on bin sizeof seismic survey and lateral resolution of imaging[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(1):141-147
[4]刘树田.地震勘探中炸药震源药型选择问题研究[J].石油物探,1999,38(4):66-73Liu S T.Research on the problem of dynamite typeselection in seismic prospecting[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,1999,38(4):66-73
[5]林大超,白春华.爆炸地震效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:55-127Lin D C,Bai C H.Seismic Effect of Explosions[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007:55-127
[6]何宗强,杨志超,山冬林,等.改变爆炸空洞形状,增强下传激发能量[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):52-53He Z Q,Yang Z C,Shan D L,et al.Enhancingdowngoing shooting energy through optimizingshape of shooting cavern[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(9):52-53
[7]李桂林,陶宗普,陈春强,等.陆上高分辨率地震勘探炸药震源激发条件分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(2):183-186Li G L,Tao Z P,Chen C Q,et al.Explosive energi-zation condition analysis of high-resolution seismicexploration offshore[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,2005,44(2):183-186
[8]王云峰.高分辨率空气枪阵列及子波研究[J].中国海上油气,1996,10(6):395-400Wang Y F.High resolution airgun array and waveletstudy[J].China offshore Oil and Gas,1996,10(6):395-400
[9]杨怀春,高生军.海洋地震勘探中空气枪震源激发特征研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):323-326Yang H C,Gao S J.The signatures of seismic wave-let excited by air guns in marine seismic survey[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):323-326
[10]李绪宣,温书亮,顾汉明,等.海上气枪阵列震源子波数值模拟研究[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):215-220Li X X,Wen S L,Gu H M,et al.A numerical simu-lation of wavelets from offshore air-gun array seis-mic source[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):215-220
[11]赵秀鹏.海洋气枪震源组合及子波模拟[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(4):36-38Zhao X P.Rine air gun array source and waveletsimulation[J].Oil&Gas Recovery Technology,2004,11(4):36-38
[12]陈浩林,宁书年,熊金良,等.气枪阵列子波数值模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):363-368Chen H L,Ning S N,Xiong J L,et al.Numericalsimulation of air-gun array wavelet[J].Oil Geophys-ical Prospecting,2003,38(4):363-368
[13]李丕龙,宋玉龙,王新红,等.滩浅海地区高精度地震勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:33-45Li P L,Song Y L,Wang X H,et al.The applicationof high-precision seismic exploration technique tothe beach and shallow sea area[M].Beijing:Petrole-um Industry Press,2006:33-45
[14]吕公河,邸志欣,朱伟强,等.滩海浅层三维地震勘探技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):613-622Lv G H,Di Z X,Zhu W Q,et al.3-D shallow seismicexploration technique in beach area[J].Oil Geophys-ical Prospecting,2008,43(6):613-622
[15]邸志欣,吕公河,段卫星,等.LK地区滩海浅层地震勘探采集技术[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(1):66-73Di Z X,Lv G H,Duan W X,et al.The seismic explo-ration acquisition techniques for the shallow layers inLK tidal zone and shallow water area[J].PetroleumGeophysics,2007,5(1):66-73
[16]吴学兵,刘志田,宁靖.海洋石油勘探水听器二次定位新方法研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(5):23-26Wu X B,Liu Z T,Ning J.A novel method study ofhydrophone second positioning for oil exploration ofocean bottom[J].Journal of China University of Pe-troleum(Edition of Natural Science),2006,30(5):23-26
[17]杨怀春,刘怀山,童思友,等.声波二次定位技术在KD-1高精度地震采集中的应用[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(4):33-36Yang H C,Liu H S,Tong S Y,et al.Application ofacoustic secondary positioning technology to high-precision seismic acquisition of kd-1area[J].MarineGeology Letters,2004,20(4):33-36
[18]李延钧,宋国奇,李文涛,等.济阳坳陷东营凹陷北带丰深1井区深层沙四下古油藏与天然气成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2):173-179Li Y J,Song G Q,Li W T,et al.A fossil oil-reser-voir and the gas origin in the lower Sha-4member ofthe well Fengshen-1area,the north Dongying zoneof the Jiyang depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(2):173-179
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心