东日本大地震灾害考察报告
摘要
日本的东日本大地震是近年来最大震级的地震,地震本身及造成的震害均具有很多特点。中日联合考察团将现场的考察及对有关问题研讨的主要内容写成本报告。对东日本大地震基本情况及主要特点,尤其是海啸的发生及范围、特征与严重程度作了重点介绍。地震灾害中由地震直接导致的建筑受害不严重,除介绍了震害总体状况,着重介绍了海啸造成的破坏状况及严重程度。除一般震况、震害外,报告中特别针对本次地震特点及国内关心的问题,重点说明了以下内容:长周期地震动的影响是本次地震的一个特点,介绍了其特性及造成的影响与有待研究的问题;日本减、隔震技术的发展现状以及在本次地震中的表现,同时对减、隔震建筑的发展中的问题作了说明;抗震加固工程在地震中的状况、经验与导向;对普遍关心的日本核电站的抗震设计,结合福岛核电站的事故作了介绍;经过本次地震之后,日本建设主管部门对建筑结构抗震初步考虑的对策。
East Japan earthquake is the largest magnitude earthquake in recent years,the earthquake itself and the result of earthquake damage have many unique features.This report contains the site visit of the Sino-Japanese joint delegation and the main content of the related discussed issues.The first is the basic and main features of the East Japan earthquake,tsunami and scope,characteristics and severity made the highlights.Destruction of buildings in the earthquake disaster that are directly caused by the earthquake is not serious.In addition to the general earthquake situation and earthquake damage,the report specifically for the seismic characteristics and domestic concern,highlights the following contents.The long-period ground motion is a feature of this earthquake,and it describes its characteristics,impact and the issue to be examined;Energy-dissipated and seismically isolated technology development status and performance in the earthquake are described in detail,at the same time the issue of development of the damping and isolation is explained; It also explains the situation in the earthquake,experience and guide of seismic reinforcement works;Widespread concern in the seismic design of nuclear power plants,combined with the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident,has made a presentation;Finally,it describes the seismic countermeasures on building structures by construction authorities in Japan after the earthquake.
East Japan earthquake is the largest magnitude earthquake in recent years,the earthquake itself and the result of earthquake damage have many unique features.This report contains the site visit of the Sino-Japanese joint delegation and the main content of the related discussed issues.The first is the basic and main features of the East Japan earthquake,tsunami and scope,characteristics and severity made the highlights.Destruction of buildings in the earthquake disaster that are directly caused by the earthquake is not serious.In addition to the general earthquake situation and earthquake damage,the report specifically for the seismic characteristics and domestic concern,highlights the following contents.The long-period ground motion is a feature of this earthquake,and it describes its characteristics,impact and the issue to be examined;Energy-dissipated and seismically isolated technology development status and performance in the earthquake are described in detail,at the same time the issue of development of the damping and isolation is explained; It also explains the situation in the earthquake,experience and guide of seismic reinforcement works;Widespread concern in the seismic design of nuclear power plants,combined with the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident,has made a presentation;Finally,it describes the seismic countermeasures on building structures by construction authorities in Japan after the earthquake.
引文
[1]日本建筑学会.2011年东北地方太平洋冲地震灾害调查速报[R].2011.
[2]崔鸿超.日本兵库县南部地震震害综述[J].建筑结构学报,1996,17(1):2-13,26.
[3]http://www.kik.bosai.go.jp/kik/index_en.shtml.
[4]http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/.
[5]FUKUSHIMA Y,BERGE-THIERRY C,VOLANT P,etal.Attenuation relation for West Eurasia determined withrecent near-fault records from California,Japan andTurkey[J].J.Earthquake Engineering,2003(7):1-26.
[6]NOBUO HURUKAWA.Lessons learnt from the recent offthe Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake in Japan[R].Santiago:Presentation at the UNESCO-IPRED-PUCInternational Workshop“Protecting Structures,SavingLives”.2011.http://www.kenken.go.jp/japanese/contents/topics/20110311/pdf/presentation110727.pdf.
[7]地震調査委員会,長周期地震動予測地図2009年試作版[M].2009.http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/09_choshuki/choshuki2009_c1.pdf.
[8]太田外氣晴,座間信作.巨大地震と大規模構造物:長周期地震動による被害と対策[M].共立出版,2005.
[9]TAKASHI FURUMURA,SHUNSUKE TAKEMURA,SHINAKO NOGUCHI,et al.Strong ground motions fromthe 2011 off-the Pacific-Coast-of-Tohoku,Japan(Mw=9.0)earthquake obtained from a dense nationwideseismic network[J].Landslides,2011(8):333-338.DOI 10.1007/s10346-011-0279-3.
[10]彭岩.日本《长周期地震动预测地图》简介[J].国际地震动态,2010(11):8-11.
[11]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Tokyo_Tower_20060211.JPG.
[12]http://hgc.blog.so-net.ne.jp/_images/blog/_d38/hgc/tokyotower11031201.jpg.
[13]http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%81%E8%88%8E.
[14]http://www.zaimu.metro.tokyo.jp/kentikuhozen/20l5k201.pdf.
[15]http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0419/TKY201104190244.html.
[16]細澤治,木村雄一他.長周期地震動対策を行った超高層ビルの観測記録と制振効果,第39回地盤震動シンポジウム[M].2011.
[17]http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%BA%9C%E5%92%B2%E6%B4%B2%E5%BA%81%E8%88%8E.
[18]http://smo.kenken.go.jp/ja/smdb/drawwave/201103111446SKS/01F.
[19]http://smo.kenken.go.jp/ja/smdb/drawwave/201103111446SKS/52FN.
[20]http://www.pref.osaka.jp/otemaemachi/saseibi/bousaitai.html.
[21]李爱群.工程结构减振控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[22]滕军.结构振动控制的理论、技术和方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[23]周福霖.结构减震控制[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.
[24]詹添全.超高层隔震建筑物结构设计技术[R].
[25]www.cibw114.net.
[26]YOSHIKAZU FUKASAWA.Recent trends of seismicisolation in Japan[R].2007.
[27]许义明.从日本311震灾省思居住建筑的安全[J].新北市杂志,2011(11):81-84.
[28]運営委員会.2010年度免震制振建物データ集積結果[R].日本免震構造協会,MENSIN NO.73,2011/08.
[29]安部重孝.2011.3.11東日本大震災の報告[R].中国レンガ造耐震検討ワークショップ,2011.
[30]孫玉平.耐震補強された建物の被災状況と考察(注意点)[R].中国レンガ造耐震検討ワークショップ,2011.
[31]薛松涛.311地震中的隔震,制振,加固过的结构以及海啸荷载-日本东北地方太平洋冲地震现场考查报告[R].中国レンガ造耐震検討ワークショップ,2011.
[32]www.asahi.com/national/updata/0704/TKY20110704224.html.
[33]http://www.kenken.go.jp/japanese/contents/topics/20110311/pdf/20110311saigai-013.pdf.
[34]秋山宏.福岛第一核电站放射物质泄漏事故及其背景[J].日本建筑学会建筑杂志,2011(10):22-26.
[35]东日本大震害中核电站的影响以及现状[J/OL].东京电力公司网站,2012.
[2]崔鸿超.日本兵库县南部地震震害综述[J].建筑结构学报,1996,17(1):2-13,26.
[3]http://www.kik.bosai.go.jp/kik/index_en.shtml.
[4]http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/.
[5]FUKUSHIMA Y,BERGE-THIERRY C,VOLANT P,etal.Attenuation relation for West Eurasia determined withrecent near-fault records from California,Japan andTurkey[J].J.Earthquake Engineering,2003(7):1-26.
[6]NOBUO HURUKAWA.Lessons learnt from the recent offthe Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake in Japan[R].Santiago:Presentation at the UNESCO-IPRED-PUCInternational Workshop“Protecting Structures,SavingLives”.2011.http://www.kenken.go.jp/japanese/contents/topics/20110311/pdf/presentation110727.pdf.
[7]地震調査委員会,長周期地震動予測地図2009年試作版[M].2009.http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/09_choshuki/choshuki2009_c1.pdf.
[8]太田外氣晴,座間信作.巨大地震と大規模構造物:長周期地震動による被害と対策[M].共立出版,2005.
[9]TAKASHI FURUMURA,SHUNSUKE TAKEMURA,SHINAKO NOGUCHI,et al.Strong ground motions fromthe 2011 off-the Pacific-Coast-of-Tohoku,Japan(Mw=9.0)earthquake obtained from a dense nationwideseismic network[J].Landslides,2011(8):333-338.DOI 10.1007/s10346-011-0279-3.
[10]彭岩.日本《长周期地震动预测地图》简介[J].国际地震动态,2010(11):8-11.
[11]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Tokyo_Tower_20060211.JPG.
[12]http://hgc.blog.so-net.ne.jp/_images/blog/_d38/hgc/tokyotower11031201.jpg.
[13]http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%81%E8%88%8E.
[14]http://www.zaimu.metro.tokyo.jp/kentikuhozen/20l5k201.pdf.
[15]http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0419/TKY201104190244.html.
[16]細澤治,木村雄一他.長周期地震動対策を行った超高層ビルの観測記録と制振効果,第39回地盤震動シンポジウム[M].2011.
[17]http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%BA%9C%E5%92%B2%E6%B4%B2%E5%BA%81%E8%88%8E.
[18]http://smo.kenken.go.jp/ja/smdb/drawwave/201103111446SKS/01F.
[19]http://smo.kenken.go.jp/ja/smdb/drawwave/201103111446SKS/52FN.
[20]http://www.pref.osaka.jp/otemaemachi/saseibi/bousaitai.html.
[21]李爱群.工程结构减振控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[22]滕军.结构振动控制的理论、技术和方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[23]周福霖.结构减震控制[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.
[24]詹添全.超高层隔震建筑物结构设计技术[R].
[25]www.cibw114.net.
[26]YOSHIKAZU FUKASAWA.Recent trends of seismicisolation in Japan[R].2007.
[27]许义明.从日本311震灾省思居住建筑的安全[J].新北市杂志,2011(11):81-84.
[28]運営委員会.2010年度免震制振建物データ集積結果[R].日本免震構造協会,MENSIN NO.73,2011/08.
[29]安部重孝.2011.3.11東日本大震災の報告[R].中国レンガ造耐震検討ワークショップ,2011.
[30]孫玉平.耐震補強された建物の被災状況と考察(注意点)[R].中国レンガ造耐震検討ワークショップ,2011.
[31]薛松涛.311地震中的隔震,制振,加固过的结构以及海啸荷载-日本东北地方太平洋冲地震现场考查报告[R].中国レンガ造耐震検討ワークショップ,2011.
[32]www.asahi.com/national/updata/0704/TKY20110704224.html.
[33]http://www.kenken.go.jp/japanese/contents/topics/20110311/pdf/20110311saigai-013.pdf.
[34]秋山宏.福岛第一核电站放射物质泄漏事故及其背景[J].日本建筑学会建筑杂志,2011(10):22-26.
[35]东日本大震害中核电站的影响以及现状[J/OL].东京电力公司网站,2012.
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