汶川地震液化土层类型验证及土性分析
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摘要
2008年5月12日汶川特大地震中,除在山区引发了大量山体滑坡、崩塌和泥石流外,在成都平原等地液化现象也十分普遍。液化主要分布在含砂、砾石和卵石等的第四系地层。依据地层分布特征和地震烈度,选择6个典型液化点(带)进行现场勘测和试验,以验证液化土层类型、了解液化土层的土性特征,并检验《建筑抗震设计规范》中液化判别方法的适应性。结果表明:(1)典型液化点土类包含砂、砾石和卵石等,6个验证点中有2个为砂层液化(其中1个为砾砂)、3个为砾石层液化和1个为卵石层液化;(2)与非液化地层相比,液化地层结构松散,均匀性差,颗粒大小分布曲线较平缓,不均匀系数较大,其中液化砂土级配良好,砾石和卵石级配不良;(3)依据《建筑抗震设计规范》液化判别方法,将验证点1中砂液化判为非液化,其余5个验证点由于含较多粗颗粒,因无法进行标准贯入试验而无法进行液化判别。
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused destructive geologic hazard such as mountain landslide,collapse and debris flow in the mountainous area.Meanwhile,the liquefaction occurred extensively in the Chengdu plain that was mainly underlain by gravelly soils.Six typical liquefied sites were selected for drilling and field test in order to understand the features of liquefied soil and verify the feasibility of the liquefaction evaluation method in the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings.The results indicate:(1) The liquefied soils of six typical sites range from sand to gravels,two of which are sand and the rest are gravels.(2) The liquefied soil layers are loose and non-uniform with gently grain size distribution curve and large coefficient of uniformity;and the liquefied sands are well-graded soils and liquefied gravels are not.(3) The liquefaction evaluation method in the seismic code predicts one of the six typical sites as non-liquefaction site.Moreover,the code method is not feasible for gravels liquefaction assessment,because the standard penetration test(SPT) is impeded through the gravelly soils by big cobbles.
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused destructive geologic hazard such as mountain landslide,collapse and debris flow in the mountainous area.Meanwhile,the liquefaction occurred extensively in the Chengdu plain that was mainly underlain by gravelly soils.Six typical liquefied sites were selected for drilling and field test in order to understand the features of liquefied soil and verify the feasibility of the liquefaction evaluation method in the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings.The results indicate:(1) The liquefied soils of six typical sites range from sand to gravels,two of which are sand and the rest are gravels.(2) The liquefied soil layers are loose and non-uniform with gently grain size distribution curve and large coefficient of uniformity;and the liquefied sands are well-graded soils and liquefied gravels are not.(3) The liquefaction evaluation method in the seismic code predicts one of the six typical sites as non-liquefaction site.Moreover,the code method is not feasible for gravels liquefaction assessment,because the standard penetration test(SPT) is impeded through the gravelly soils by big cobbles.
引文
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[2]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[3]刘惠珊.1995年阪神大地震的液化特点[J].工程抗震,2001,23(1):22-26.
[4]张春梅,冯玉芹,王英浩.砂土地震液化危害及地基处理研究[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(3):133-137.ZHANG Chun-mei,FENG Yu-qin,WANG Ying-hao.The hazard of sand liquefaction and the foundation treatment[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2007,23(3):133-137.
[5]颜可珍,刘能源,夏唐代.基于判别分析方法的地震砂土液化预测研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):2049-2052.YAN Ke-zhen,LIU Neng-yuan,XIA Tang-dai.Discriminant analysis model for prediction of sand soil liquefaction during earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(7):2049-2052.
[6]任红梅,吕西林,李培振.饱和砂土液化研究进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(6):166-174.REN Hong-mei,LüXi-lin,LI Pei-zhen.Advances in liquefaction research on saturated soils[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(6):166-174.
[7]周相国,邢贵发,苏玉国.天津地区饱和粉土地震液化的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3813-3819.ZHOU Xiang-guo,XING Gui-fa,SU Yu-guo.Experimental study of earthquake liquefaction of saturated silt in Tianjin area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3813-3819.
[8]中国建筑科学研究院.GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[9]中国地震局人教科技司.汶川8.0级地震的震源深度[EB/OL].[2009-05-07].http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/09_05/08/1241779378191.html
[10]中国地震局.截至2009年3月12日12时汶川地震震区共记录到余震49250次[EB/OL].[2009-03-13].http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/09_03/13/1236908409351.html
[11]谢和平,邓建辉,台佳佳,等.汶川大地震灾害与灾区重建的岩土工程问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1781-1791.XIE He-ping,DENG Jian-hui,TAI Jia-jia,et al.Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1781-1791.
[12]杨志法,赵汝斌,王靖,等.安县西部地震次生地质灾害及工程地质力学问题思考[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1807-1813.YANG Zhi-fa,ZHAO Ru-bin,WANG Jing,et al.Earthquake-induced geological hazards in west of Anxian county and considerations of engineering geomechanical problems[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1807-1813.
[13]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109-114.ZHANG Yong-shuang,LEI Wei-zhi,SHI Ju-song,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake induced geohazards in Sichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109-1140.
[14]曹振中,侯龙清,袁晓铭,等.汶川8.0级地震液化震害及特征[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3549-3555.CAO Zhen-zhong,HOU Long-qing,YUAN Xiao-ming,et al.Characteristics of liquefaction-induced damages during Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3549-3555.
[15]建设部综合勘察研究设计院.GB50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[16]中国建筑科学研究院.GB50007-2002建筑地基基础设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
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