地基条件对挡土墙地震土压力影响的振动台试验研究
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摘要
地震土压力研究是挡土墙抗震设计的核心内容。汶川地震震害调查发现建于土质地基上的挡土墙较建于岩质上的更易发生震害,因此,研究地基条件对挡土墙地震土压力的影响是十分必要的,然而目前许多国家的铁路或公路抗震设计规范中未包含地基条件对挡土墙地震土压力的影响。鉴于此,为了深入了解地基条件对挡土墙地震土压力的影响,利用大型振动台试验这一最能直接反映地震响应特征的动力研究手段,就地基条件对挡土墙地震土压力的分布形式、合力大小、合力作用点位置的影响开展研究,并把实测结果与几个国家的抗震设计规范进行了对比,提出了挡土墙的抗震设计建议。
The research on seismic earth pressure is the core content of aseismic design of retaining walls.By investigating the seismic hazards induced by Wenchuan Earthquake,it is found that the retaining walls constructed on soil sites are easier to be damaged compared with those on rock sites.In view of this,it is very necessary to carry out researches on the influences of site conditions on the seismic earth pressures of retaining walls.But now,the codes for the aseismic design of railways and highways in many countries don't consider it.Large-scale shaking table tests,therefore,are performed to strengthen the understanding of the influences of site conditions on the seismic earth pressures of retaining walls.In the tests,the distribution of earth pressures,and the values and locations of resultant seismic earth pressures are measured.The reason for performing large shaking table tests is that the tests are the most direct research approach to study seismic responses of structures.In addition,by comparison of the measured and calculated values by codes for the aseismic design in several countries,some suggestions on the aseismic design of retaining walls are proposed.
The research on seismic earth pressure is the core content of aseismic design of retaining walls.By investigating the seismic hazards induced by Wenchuan Earthquake,it is found that the retaining walls constructed on soil sites are easier to be damaged compared with those on rock sites.In view of this,it is very necessary to carry out researches on the influences of site conditions on the seismic earth pressures of retaining walls.But now,the codes for the aseismic design of railways and highways in many countries don't consider it.Large-scale shaking table tests,therefore,are performed to strengthen the understanding of the influences of site conditions on the seismic earth pressures of retaining walls.In the tests,the distribution of earth pressures,and the values and locations of resultant seismic earth pressures are measured.The reason for performing large shaking table tests is that the tests are the most direct research approach to study seismic responses of structures.In addition,by comparison of the measured and calculated values by codes for the aseismic design in several countries,some suggestions on the aseismic design of retaining walls are proposed.
引文
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[2]GB50111—2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].2006.(GB50111—2006 Code for seismic design of railwayengineering[S].2006.(in Chinese))
[3]JTJ004—89公路工程抗震设计规范[S].1989.(JTJ004—89Specification of earthquake resistant design for highwayengineering[S].1989.(in Chinese))
[4]日本鉄道構造物の設計基準[S].1998.(Japanese railwayinstallations design standards[S].1998.(in Japanese))
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[6]EUROCODE 8:Design of structures for earthquake resistancePart 5:Foundations,retaining structures and geotechnicalaspects[S].1998.
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[9]秦伟,姚令侃,蒋良潍,等.地震作用下岩质地基挡墙土压力变化特性数值分析[J].交通科学与工程,2011,27(1):24–29.(QIN Wei,YAO Ling-kan,JIANG Liang-wei,et al.The numerical analysis of soil pressure of retaining wall onrocky site under earthquake[J].Journal of Transport Scienceand Engineering,2011,27(1):24–29.(in Chinese))
[10]杨冬,姚令侃,蒋良潍.土质场地重力式挡土墙地震土压力振动台实验研究[J].防灾减灾学报,2011,27(1):8–16.(YANG Dong,YAO Ling-kan,JIANG Liang-wei.Experimental study of seismic earth pressure of GRW on soilsite[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Reduction,2011,27(1):8–16.(in Chinese))
[11]楼梦麟,王文剑,马恒春,等.土–桩–结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(7):763–768.(LOU Meng-lin,WANG Wen-jian,MA Heng-chun,etal.Study on soil-pile-structure interaction system by shakingtable model test[J].Journal of Tongji University,2001,29(7):763–768.(in Chinese))
[12]杨旭东.振动台模型试验若干问题的研究[D].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,2005.(YANG Xu-dong.The studying ofsome problems in shaking table model test[D].Beijing:ChinaAcademy of Building Research,2005.(in Chinese))
[13]ZHANG J,QU H L,HAN P F.Seismic earth pressures ofretaining wall from large shaking table tests[C]//Proceedingof 14th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics andGeotechnical Engineering.Hong Kong,2011.
[14]GB50007—2002建筑地基基础设计规范[S].2002.(GB50007—2002 Code for design of building foundation[S].2002.(in Chinese))
[15]TB10002.5—99铁路桥涵地基和基础设计规范[S].1999.(TB10002.5—99 Railway bridge foundation and basic designstandard[S].1999.(in Chinese))
[16]KOSEKI J,TATSUOKA F,MUNAF Y,et al.A modifiedprocedure to evaluate seismic active earth pressureconsidering effects of strain localization in backfill soil[J].Soils and Foundations,1998(S):209–216.
[17]韩鹏飞.重力式挡墙大型振动台模型试验与基于性能的抗震设计方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.(HANPeng-fei.Performance-based seismic deisign of gravityearth-retaining wall based on large shaking table test[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong Universtiy,2011.(in Chinese))
[2]GB50111—2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].2006.(GB50111—2006 Code for seismic design of railwayengineering[S].2006.(in Chinese))
[3]JTJ004—89公路工程抗震设计规范[S].1989.(JTJ004—89Specification of earthquake resistant design for highwayengineering[S].1989.(in Chinese))
[4]日本鉄道構造物の設計基準[S].1998.(Japanese railwayinstallations design standards[S].1998.(in Japanese))
[5]WOOD J H,ELMS D G.Seismic design of bridge abutmentsand retaining wall[R].Wellington:Road Research Unit,Transit New Zealand,Road Research Unit Bulletin,84Volume 2 ISSN 0549-0030.1990.
[6]EUROCODE 8:Design of structures for earthquake resistancePart 5:Foundations,retaining structures and geotechnicalaspects[S].1998.
[7]WU Y W,PRAKASH S.Design charts for retaining walls inseismic areas.Paper No 178[C]//ASCE Conference.Florida,2010.
[8]邱燕玲,姚令侃,秦伟.汶川地震路基挡墙震害特征分析[J].重庆交通大学学报,2010,29(4):576–581.(QIUYan-ling,YAO Ling-kan,QIN Wei.Characteristic analysis ofthe damaged retaining wall in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2010,29(4):576–581.(in Chinese))
[9]秦伟,姚令侃,蒋良潍,等.地震作用下岩质地基挡墙土压力变化特性数值分析[J].交通科学与工程,2011,27(1):24–29.(QIN Wei,YAO Ling-kan,JIANG Liang-wei,et al.The numerical analysis of soil pressure of retaining wall onrocky site under earthquake[J].Journal of Transport Scienceand Engineering,2011,27(1):24–29.(in Chinese))
[10]杨冬,姚令侃,蒋良潍.土质场地重力式挡土墙地震土压力振动台实验研究[J].防灾减灾学报,2011,27(1):8–16.(YANG Dong,YAO Ling-kan,JIANG Liang-wei.Experimental study of seismic earth pressure of GRW on soilsite[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Reduction,2011,27(1):8–16.(in Chinese))
[11]楼梦麟,王文剑,马恒春,等.土–桩–结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(7):763–768.(LOU Meng-lin,WANG Wen-jian,MA Heng-chun,etal.Study on soil-pile-structure interaction system by shakingtable model test[J].Journal of Tongji University,2001,29(7):763–768.(in Chinese))
[12]杨旭东.振动台模型试验若干问题的研究[D].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,2005.(YANG Xu-dong.The studying ofsome problems in shaking table model test[D].Beijing:ChinaAcademy of Building Research,2005.(in Chinese))
[13]ZHANG J,QU H L,HAN P F.Seismic earth pressures ofretaining wall from large shaking table tests[C]//Proceedingof 14th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics andGeotechnical Engineering.Hong Kong,2011.
[14]GB50007—2002建筑地基基础设计规范[S].2002.(GB50007—2002 Code for design of building foundation[S].2002.(in Chinese))
[15]TB10002.5—99铁路桥涵地基和基础设计规范[S].1999.(TB10002.5—99 Railway bridge foundation and basic designstandard[S].1999.(in Chinese))
[16]KOSEKI J,TATSUOKA F,MUNAF Y,et al.A modifiedprocedure to evaluate seismic active earth pressureconsidering effects of strain localization in backfill soil[J].Soils and Foundations,1998(S):209–216.
[17]韩鹏飞.重力式挡墙大型振动台模型试验与基于性能的抗震设计方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.(HANPeng-fei.Performance-based seismic deisign of gravityearth-retaining wall based on large shaking table test[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong Universtiy,2011.(in Chinese))
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