汶川地震可移动文物震害研究
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摘要
为探索汶川地震作用下以浮放为主的可移动文物的震害及防震措施,通过震后勘查,讨论了汶川地震造成的可移动文物的典型震害症状。从博物馆、陈列台、文物本身等三个方面,分析了可移动文物的主要震害原因和传统的防震措施的不足之处,对国内外可移动文物的先进防震技术进行了探讨,研究了其防震机理。基于国内外可移动文物防震经验,对我国可移动文物提出了防震建议。研究结果表明:汶川地震造成可移动文物震害除了地震本身因素外,文物防震措施不足是一个重要原因;为保证可移动文物的防震性能,首先应规范博物馆建筑抗震设计,其次考虑陈列台隔震技术应用,最后再考虑可移动文物与陈列台之间的可靠连接;采取先进的隔震技术对可移动文物的防震具有促进作用。
In order to protect Chinese cultural relics,the symptoms of damage to free-standing cultural relics by the Wenchuan earthquake,as well as methods to prevent damage,were studied.Typical earthquake damage symptoms seen in free-standing cultural relics are discussed. Museums,base supports and cultural relics were all studied to identify the cause of damage of free-standing cultural relics.Shortcomings of typical methods used in China are discussed,and new technologies and their mechanism for protecting free-standing cultural relics in foreign countries are introduced.Based on world-wide experiences with earthquake protection measures for free-standing cultural relics,helpful suggetions are provided.Survey results show that damage to free-standing cultural relics by the Wenchuan earthquake was caused not only by the strong earthquake,but also the lack of seismic preparation measures.In order to improve its seismic damages,the museum,fist of all,has to get seismic retrofitting.Then the base supports have to be designed so as to achieve vibration isolation.Finally the relics have to be connected firmly to the base supports.In addition,development of,new technologies for protection of free-standing cultural relics is encouraged.
In order to protect Chinese cultural relics,the symptoms of damage to free-standing cultural relics by the Wenchuan earthquake,as well as methods to prevent damage,were studied.Typical earthquake damage symptoms seen in free-standing cultural relics are discussed. Museums,base supports and cultural relics were all studied to identify the cause of damage of free-standing cultural relics.Shortcomings of typical methods used in China are discussed,and new technologies and their mechanism for protecting free-standing cultural relics in foreign countries are introduced.Based on world-wide experiences with earthquake protection measures for free-standing cultural relics,helpful suggetions are provided.Survey results show that damage to free-standing cultural relics by the Wenchuan earthquake was caused not only by the strong earthquake,but also the lack of seismic preparation measures.In order to improve its seismic damages,the museum,fist of all,has to get seismic retrofitting.Then the base supports have to be designed so as to achieve vibration isolation.Finally the relics have to be connected firmly to the base supports.In addition,development of,new technologies for protection of free-standing cultural relics is encouraged.
引文
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[12]Takayoshi Kamada,Takafiimi Fujita.State of the art of development and application of antiseismic systems in Japan[C]∥2008Seis-mic Engineering Conference comme-morating the1908Mesina and Reggio Calabria Earthquake,American Institute of Physics,2008:1255-1271.
[13]唐启山.日本博物馆的防震对策[J].收藏,2008,8:60-65.TANG Qi-shan.Aseismic measures for museums in Japan[J].Col-lection,2008,8:60-65.
[14]Alessandro Martelli,Massimo Forni.State of the art of the develop-ment and application of anti-seismic systems in Europe and other countries[C]∥2008Seismic Engineering Conference Commemo-rating the1908Mesina And Reggio Calabria Earthquake,Ameri-can Institute of Physics,2008:1272-1293.
[15]Robinson W H.Passive control of structures,the New Zealand ex-perience[J].Iset J Earthquake Technol,1998,375(35):63-75.
[16]Bujar M,Scott G,Darron C.Base isolation technologies for seismic protection of museum artifacts[C]∥The2003IAMFA Annual Conference in San Francisco,California.
[17]上海博物馆玉器馆重开添避震装备为行业内首用[EB/OL].[2008-09-26].http:∥news.xinhuanet.com/collection/2008-09/26/content-10114024.htm.The reopened Jade Gallery in Shanghai Museum is equiped with suspension equipment which is first time used in the trade.[EB/OL].[2008-09-26].http:∥news.xinhuanet.com/collection/2008-09/26/content-10114024.htm.
[18]刘晶波,杜修力.结构动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:71-74.LIU Jing-bo,DU Xiu-li.Structural dynamics[M].Beijing:Me-chanical Industrial Press,2005:71-74.
[2]郭恩栋,吴伟,胡煜文.浮放设备地震滑移反应数值模拟研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(6):124-129.GUO En-dong,WU Wei,HU Yu-wen.Numerical study on seismic sliding response of free-standing equipments[J].J Earthquake Eng Vibrat,2007,27(6):124-129.
[3]郭恩栋,王滔,吴伟.地震作用下浮放设备摆动反应研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2008,24(2):252-255.GUO En-dong,WANG Tao,WU Wei.Study on seismic oscillation response of free-standing equipments[J].J Shenyang Jianzhu Univ(Nat Sci),2008,24(2):252-255.
[4]吴来明,王忠良,高华平,等.博物馆文物的防震保护研究(一):传统抗震措施与现代隔震技术[J].文物保护与考古科学,2001,13(2):46-53.WU Lai-ming,WANG Zhong-liang,GAO Hua-ping,et al.Resear-ches on protection from earthquake of cultural relics in museum(1):Traditional anti-shock methods and modern isolating tech-niques[J].Sci Conserv Archaeo,2001,13(2):46-53.
[5]钮泽蓁,陈列文物抗震措施实验研究[J].工程抗震,1992,2:27-31.NIUZe-zhen.Experiment study on aseismic measures for collected cultural relics[J].Earthquake Resist Eng,1992,2:27-31.
[6]胡晓勇,熊峰.高科技厂房结构微振响应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(4):56-62.HUXiao-yong,XIONG Feng.Response analysis of microvi-bration of high technology building[J].J Earthquake Eng Eng Vibrat,2006,26(4):56-62.
[7]芦金斗.液体粘滞阻尼器在博物馆工程上的应用[J].山西建筑,2007,33(13):78-79.LUJin-dou.Application of fluid viscous damper in museum engi-neerings[J].Shanxi Archit,2007,33(13):78-79.
[8]张玲,陈坚荣.夹层橡胶垫建筑隔震技术在汕头博物馆中的应用[J].建筑技术,2005,36(7):510-512.ZHANG Ling,CHENJian-rong.Seismic isolation technology of lami-nated rubber blanket applied in Shantou Museum[J].Archit Tech-nol,2005,36(7):510-512.
[9]浅野美次,山本裕.日本POLA艺术博物馆的隔震结构和玻璃天窗[J].建筑钢结构进展,2008,10(3):30-35.Asano Mitsugu,Yamamoto Hiroshi.Glass skylight and structure for the POLA Museum of art in Japan[J].Progr Steel Buil Struct,2008,10(3):30-35.
[10]National Diet Library.Architecture of the international library of childrens literature:Preservation and renovation of an old brick building of the Meiji Era[M].Published by the Kanto Regional Development Bureau,Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Trans-port,2002:3.
[11]Masanori Tasaka,Nobuyuki Mori,Hiroshi Yamamoto.Applying seismic isolation to buildings in Japan-Retrofitting and middle-sto-ry isolation[C]∥18th Analysis and Computation Specialty Con-ference.Vancouver,BC,Canada:2008.
[12]Takayoshi Kamada,Takafiimi Fujita.State of the art of development and application of antiseismic systems in Japan[C]∥2008Seis-mic Engineering Conference comme-morating the1908Mesina and Reggio Calabria Earthquake,American Institute of Physics,2008:1255-1271.
[13]唐启山.日本博物馆的防震对策[J].收藏,2008,8:60-65.TANG Qi-shan.Aseismic measures for museums in Japan[J].Col-lection,2008,8:60-65.
[14]Alessandro Martelli,Massimo Forni.State of the art of the develop-ment and application of anti-seismic systems in Europe and other countries[C]∥2008Seismic Engineering Conference Commemo-rating the1908Mesina And Reggio Calabria Earthquake,Ameri-can Institute of Physics,2008:1272-1293.
[15]Robinson W H.Passive control of structures,the New Zealand ex-perience[J].Iset J Earthquake Technol,1998,375(35):63-75.
[16]Bujar M,Scott G,Darron C.Base isolation technologies for seismic protection of museum artifacts[C]∥The2003IAMFA Annual Conference in San Francisco,California.
[17]上海博物馆玉器馆重开添避震装备为行业内首用[EB/OL].[2008-09-26].http:∥news.xinhuanet.com/collection/2008-09/26/content-10114024.htm.The reopened Jade Gallery in Shanghai Museum is equiped with suspension equipment which is first time used in the trade.[EB/OL].[2008-09-26].http:∥news.xinhuanet.com/collection/2008-09/26/content-10114024.htm.
[18]刘晶波,杜修力.结构动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:71-74.LIU Jing-bo,DU Xiu-li.Structural dynamics[M].Beijing:Me-chanical Industrial Press,2005:71-74.
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