汶川地震高速远程滑坡速度研究
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摘要
汶川地震诱发了大量的高速远程滑坡。在超强的地震动作用下,坡体结构被撕裂并抛射后,受到坡体前缘地形及自身势能的影响,很容易转化为碎屑流作远程运动,这种高位滑坡以其很快的运动速度和超常的运动距离造成了巨大的灾害与损失。本文在对汶川地震大型典型高速远程滑坡大量现场调查的基础上,分析了坡体临空飞行运动初始速度、滑程运动最大速度以及碎屑流运动速度,并且以东河口滑坡为例,对比了不同计算方法下的运动速度和运动性,得到东河口滑坡的运动特征值μ=0.2292,最大运动速度Vm ax=63.40 m/s,平均运动速度超过25 m/s,属于超高速滑坡运动以及强碎屑流性质。
The Wenchuan earthquake triggered lots of high-speed and long-range landslides,and under the super-strong ground motions,the slope was easily torn and ejected,then the sliding mass was crashed and transferred into debris flow for long-range movement because of the terrain and its potential energy.This type of rock-fragment flow had great kinematic velocity and extraordinary running out distance which caused great disasters and losses to the stricken region people.Based on lots of field investigations of large-scale typical high-speed and long-range landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake,this paper summarizes and analyzes the initial flight velocity,maximum kinematic velocity and debris flow velocity,comparatively calculates the movement velocity and motility of Donghekou landslide by different simplified methods.Results show that the movement characteristic value of Donghekou landslide is 0.2292,maximum kinematic velocity is 63.40 m/s,and average velocity exceeds 25 m/s,which belongs to superhigh speed landslide and has strong debris flow characteristics.
The Wenchuan earthquake triggered lots of high-speed and long-range landslides,and under the super-strong ground motions,the slope was easily torn and ejected,then the sliding mass was crashed and transferred into debris flow for long-range movement because of the terrain and its potential energy.This type of rock-fragment flow had great kinematic velocity and extraordinary running out distance which caused great disasters and losses to the stricken region people.Based on lots of field investigations of large-scale typical high-speed and long-range landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake,this paper summarizes and analyzes the initial flight velocity,maximum kinematic velocity and debris flow velocity,comparatively calculates the movement velocity and motility of Donghekou landslide by different simplified methods.Results show that the movement characteristic value of Donghekou landslide is 0.2292,maximum kinematic velocity is 63.40 m/s,and average velocity exceeds 25 m/s,which belongs to superhigh speed landslide and has strong debris flow characteristics.
引文
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[8]GB 50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[9]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
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[2]程谦恭,张倬元,黄润秋.高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):72-84.Cheng Q G,Zhang Z Y,Huang R Q.Study on dy-namics of rock avalanches:state of the art report[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2007,25(1):72-84.
[3]许强,裴向军,黄润秋,等.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Xu Q,Pei X J,Huang R Q,et al.Large-scale Land-slides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Bei-jing:Science Press,2009.
[4]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282.Cui P,Wei F Q,He S M,et al.Mountain disasters in-duced by the earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan andthe disasters mitigation[J].Journal of Mountain Sci-ence,2008,26(3):280-282.
[5]许强.汶川大地震诱发地质灾害主要类型与特征研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009,20(2):86-93.Xu Q.Main types and characteristics of the geo-harzards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and EnvironmentPreservation,2009,20(2):86-93.
[6]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153-166.Yin Y P.Rapid and long run-out features of land-slides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):153-166.
[7]王运生,徐鸿彪,罗永红,等.地震高位滑坡形成条件及抛射运动程式研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2360-2367.Wang Y S,Xu H B,Luo Y H,et al.Study of forma-tion conditions and toss motion program of high land-slides induced by earthquake[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2360-2367.
[8]GB 50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[9]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[10]Hsu K J.Catastrophic debris streams(sturzstroms)generated by rockfalls[J].Geological Society ofAmerica Bulletin,1975,(86):129-140.
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