玉树地震地表破裂与宏观震中
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摘要
2010年4月14日07时49分40.7秒,青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生MS7.1级地震。通过现场调查发现,玉树地震形成了东西两条地表破裂带——玉树地表破裂带和隆宝滩地表破裂带,分别沿玉树活动断裂、隆宝滩活动断裂的上盘发育,两条地表破裂带均呈NW向延伸,二者之间相距22km。隆宝滩地表破裂带,总体走向290°,长21.5km,呈左旋走滑运动,左旋走滑位移量约1m。玉树地表破裂带,总体走向310°,长度23km,可进一步分为三段。西段和中段表现为左旋走滑,东段表现为左旋走滑逆冲运动。最大左旋走滑位移量在郭央烟宋多附近,达2.4m。根据地震地表破裂的位移量大小和建筑物破坏情况认为,玉树地震宏观震中在郭央烟宋多附近,宏观震中坐标为:北纬33°03′11″、东经96°51′26″。
At 7: 49: 40.7 on April 14,2010,a MS 7.1 earthquake happened in Yushu County of Qinghai Province.In the field investigation two surface rupture zones were observed from west to east,Longbaotan surface rupture zone and Yushu surface rupture zone.They display NW trending and are respectively developed along hang wall of the Longbaotan active fault and Yushu active fault at an interval of 22km.The Longbaotan surface rupture zone,trending along 290° with a length of 21.5km,was sinistral strike-slip movement with a sinistral strike-slip displacement of about 1m.The Yushu surface rupture zone,trending 310° with a length of 23km,can be further divided into three sections.It shows sinistral strike-slip movement in western and middle segment,sinistral strike-slip and thrust in eastern segment.The maximum sinistral strike-slip displacement(2.4m) of the rupture zones appears near the Guoyangyansongduo.According to the displacement of the earthquake surface rupture and building destruction,the earthquake macroscopical epicenter can be considered in the Guoyangyansongduo near the macroscopical epicenter coordinates: at 33°03′11″N and 96°51′26″E.
At 7: 49: 40.7 on April 14,2010,a MS 7.1 earthquake happened in Yushu County of Qinghai Province.In the field investigation two surface rupture zones were observed from west to east,Longbaotan surface rupture zone and Yushu surface rupture zone.They display NW trending and are respectively developed along hang wall of the Longbaotan active fault and Yushu active fault at an interval of 22km.The Longbaotan surface rupture zone,trending along 290° with a length of 21.5km,was sinistral strike-slip movement with a sinistral strike-slip displacement of about 1m.The Yushu surface rupture zone,trending 310° with a length of 23km,can be further divided into three sections.It shows sinistral strike-slip movement in western and middle segment,sinistral strike-slip and thrust in eastern segment.The maximum sinistral strike-slip displacement(2.4m) of the rupture zones appears near the Guoyangyansongduo.According to the displacement of the earthquake surface rupture and building destruction,the earthquake macroscopical epicenter can be considered in the Guoyangyansongduo near the macroscopical epicenter coordinates: at 33°03′11″N and 96°51′26″E.
引文
①中国地震信息网,www.csi.ac.cn。
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[1]陈运泰.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震震源机制和破裂过程快报(V4).2010.From internet.CHEN Yun-tai.Bulletin about the focal mechanism and rupture process of Yushu earthquake April 14,2010 in QinghaiProvince(V4).2010.From internet.
[2]付小方,侯立玮,李海兵,等.汶川大地震(MS8.0)同震变形作用及其与地质灾害的关系[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1733～1746.FU Xiao-fang,HOU Li-wei,LI Hai-bing,et al.Coseismic Deformation of the M s 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake and ItsRelationship with Geological Hazards[J].ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA(English edition),2008,82(12):1733～1746.
[3]李海兵,付小方,Jerome Van Der Woerd,等.汶川地震(MS 8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1623～1643.LI Hai-bin,FU Xiao-fang,Jérome VAN DER WOERD,et al.Co-seisimic Surface Rupture and Dextral-slip ObliqueThrusting of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA(English edition),2008,82(12):1623～1643.
[4]姚鑫,张永双.基于差分干涉雷达的汶川地震同震形变特点[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):151～161.YAO Xin,ZHANG Yong-shuang.Co-seismic deformation of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake based on D-INSAR[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):151～161.
[5]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109～116.ZHANG Yong-shuang,LEI Wei-zhi,SHI Ju-song,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake-induced geohazards inSichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109～116.
[6]张永双,石菊松,孙萍,等.汶川地震内外动力耦合及灾害实例[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):131～141.ZHANG Yong-shuang,SHI Ju-shong,SUN Ping,et al.Coupling between endogenic and exogenic geological processes inthe Wenchuan earthquake and example analysis of geo-hazards[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):131～141.
[7]谭成轩,孙叶,吴树仁,等.“5.12”汶川MS8.0大地震后关于我国区域地壳稳定性评价的思考[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):142～150.TAN Cheng-xuan,SUN Ye,WU Shu-ren,et al.A consideration on regional crustal stability assessment after MS8.0Wenchuan strong earthquake in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):142～150.
[8]DONG Shu-wen,ZHANG Yue-qiao.Surface rupture and co-seismic displacement produced by the MS8.0 Wenchuanearthquake of May 12th,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Eastwards growth of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.ACTA GEOLOGICASINICA(English edition),2008,82(5):938～948.
[9]MA Yin-sheng,LONG Chang-xing,TAN Cheng-xuan,WANG Tao,GONG Ming-quan,LIAO Chun-ting,WU Man-lu,SHI Wei,DU Jian-jun,PAN Feng.Co-seismic faults and geological hazards and incidence of active fault of Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA,2009,83(4):713～723.
[10]王连捷,周春景,孙东生,等.汶川5.12地震引起的库仑应力变化及其对周边地震活动的影响[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(3):193～200.WANG Lian-jie,ZHOU Chun-jing,SUN Dong-sheng,et al.Coulomb stress changes caused by Wenchuan earthquake andits influence on seismic activity in the adjacent areas[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(3):193～200.
[11]王连捷,崔军文,周春景,等.汶川5.12地震发震机理的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):105～113.WANG Lian-jie,CUI Jun-wen,ZHOU Chun-jing,et al.Numerical modeling for Wenchuan earthquake mechanism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):105～113.
[12]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.山丹地应力监测站体应变仪的地震效应[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):97～108.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,JIANG Jing-jie.Analysis of the volume strain data from the Shandan in-situ stress monitoringstation[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):97～108.
[13]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.龙门山北端青川断层附近应力测量与断层稳定性[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):114～130.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,JIANG Jing-jie.Stability and stress measurement near the Qingchuan fault in the northernLongmen mountains[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):114～130.
[14]张岳桥,杨农,施炜,等.青藏高原东缘新构造及其对汶川地震的控制作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1668～1678.ZHANG Yue-qiao,YANG Nong,SHI Wei,DONG Shu-wen.Neotectonics of Eastern Tibet and Its Control on theWenchuan Earthquake[J].ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA(English edition),2008,82(12):1668～1678.
[15]Xiwei Xu,Xueze Wen,Guihua Yu.Coseismic reverse-and-oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 MW 7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Geology,2009,37(6):515～518.
[16]周庆,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):778～788.ZHOU Qing,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua,et al.Investigation on widths of surface rupture zones of the MS8.0 Wenchuanearthquake,Sichuan Province,China[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):778～788.
[17]嵇少丞,王茜,孙圣思,等.亚洲大陆逃逸构造与现今中国地震活动[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1644～1667.JI Shaocheng,WANG Qian,SUN Shengsi,et al.Continental Extrusion and Seismicity in China[J].ACTAGEOLOGICA SINICA(English edition),2008,82(12):1644～1667.
[18]马寅生,龙长兴,谭成轩,等.汶川地震同震变形特征和分段性[J].地质通报,2008,27(12):2076～2085.MA Yinsheng,LONG Changxing,TAN Chengxuan,et al.Co-seismic deformation features and segmentation of the MS 8.0Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(12):2076～2085.
[19]周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征[J].中国地震,1996,12(3):250～260.ZHOU Rong-jun,MA Sheng-hao,CAI Chang-xing.Late Quaternary Active Features of the Ganzi-Yushu Fault Zone[J].Earthquake Research in China,1996,12(3):250～260.
[20]周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星,等.甘孜-玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计[J].地震地质,1997,19(2):115～124.ZHOU Rong-jun,WEN Xue-ze,CAI Chang-xing,et al.Recent earthquakes and assessment of seismic tendency on theGanzi Yushu fault zone[J].Seismology and Geology,1997,19(2):115～124.
[21]Shifeng Wang,Xiaomin Fang,Erchie Wang.Late Cenozoic deformation along the northwestern continuation of theXianshuihe fault system[J].Eastern Tibetan Plateau GSA Bulletin,2008,120(3/4):312～327,doi:10.1130/B25833.1.
[22]闻学泽,黄圣睦,江在雄.甘孜-玉树断裂带的新构造特征与地震危险性估计[J].地震地质,1985,7(3):21～32.WEN Xue-ze,HUANG Sheng-mu,JIANG Zai-xiong.Neotectonic features of the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone and assessment ofits earthquake risk[J].Seismology and Geology,1985,7(3):21～32.
[23]徐锡伟,闻学泽,郑荣章,等.川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):151～162.XU Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Zheng Rongzhang,et al.Latest tectonic style and the power source of active blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan region[J].Science in China(Series D),2003,33(Supplement):151～162.
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