从钢筋混凝土框架抗倒塌能力看我国抗震规范的改进
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摘要
对我国先后颁布的三部抗震设计规范(TJ 11-78,GBJ 11-89和GB50011-2001)进行了比较,分别按三部规范对一个具体的钢筋混凝土框架进行了设计,并选取多条地震波,进行了倒塌模拟以及安全性评价。结果表明:在罕遇地震作用下,按照规范(TJ 11-78)设计的框架的构件发生脆性破坏并导致倒塌的情况严重,其抗震安全性明显不足;现行规范(GB50011-2001)中的一些规定增大了框架截面、加强了结构侧向刚度,但是从倒塌模拟的结果来看,按(GBJ11-89)设计的结构的侧向刚度更加合理。为此,本文认为,在对老旧钢筋混凝土框架结构加固时,应着重提高构件的抗剪和抗压承载力,防止脆性破坏;在设计新的钢筋混凝土框架结构时,应适当放松现行设计规范中弹性层间位移角的要求。
Three seismic design codes edited in the past three decades(TJ 11-78,GBJ 11-89 and GB50011-2001) were compared in the present paper.According to the three codes,a typical RC frame was designed.Several earthquake waves were used for collapse simulation and safety evaluation.The results show that the aseismic safety of frames designed following TJ 11-78 is obviously insufficient,they collapse easily under severe earthquakes,which starts from brittle failure.GB50011-2001 results in expanded frame cross sections and strengthened frame stiffness,but it seems not reasonable as GBJ 11-89 did.It is suggested that,for some aged RC structures to be reinforced,shear and compression capacity should be improved to prevent brittle failure;for some new designed structures,the limitation on elastic drift angle between two adjacent stories should be loosen.
Three seismic design codes edited in the past three decades(TJ 11-78,GBJ 11-89 and GB50011-2001) were compared in the present paper.According to the three codes,a typical RC frame was designed.Several earthquake waves were used for collapse simulation and safety evaluation.The results show that the aseismic safety of frames designed following TJ 11-78 is obviously insufficient,they collapse easily under severe earthquakes,which starts from brittle failure.GB50011-2001 results in expanded frame cross sections and strengthened frame stiffness,but it seems not reasonable as GBJ 11-89 did.It is suggested that,for some aged RC structures to be reinforced,shear and compression capacity should be improved to prevent brittle failure;for some new designed structures,the limitation on elastic drift angle between two adjacent stories should be loosen.
引文
[1]清华大学,西南交通大学,北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):1-9.
[2]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,1986.
[3]陈达生,周锡元,等.云南澜沧—耿马地震震害论文集[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[4]刘西拉.结构工程学科的现状与展望[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.
[5]张雷明.灾害荷载下结构倒塌机制研究[D].指导教授:刘西拉.北京:清华大学土木工程系,1999.
[6]国家基本建设委员会.TJ 11—78工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1979.
[7]中华人民共和国建设部.GBJ 11—89建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[8]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[9]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50009—2001建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[10]邱彦程.钢筋混凝土结构倒塌分析之结果程序设计与动态演示[D].指导教授:刘西拉.上海:上海交通大学土木工程系,2004.
[11]Luis F.Ibarra and Helmut Krawinkler.Global Collapse of FrameStructures under Seismic Excitations[DB/OL].http://peer.berkeley.edu/publications/peer_reports/.
[2]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,1986.
[3]陈达生,周锡元,等.云南澜沧—耿马地震震害论文集[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[4]刘西拉.结构工程学科的现状与展望[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.
[5]张雷明.灾害荷载下结构倒塌机制研究[D].指导教授:刘西拉.北京:清华大学土木工程系,1999.
[6]国家基本建设委员会.TJ 11—78工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1979.
[7]中华人民共和国建设部.GBJ 11—89建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[8]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[9]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50009—2001建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[10]邱彦程.钢筋混凝土结构倒塌分析之结果程序设计与动态演示[D].指导教授:刘西拉.上海:上海交通大学土木工程系,2004.
[11]Luis F.Ibarra and Helmut Krawinkler.Global Collapse of FrameStructures under Seismic Excitations[DB/OL].http://peer.berkeley.edu/publications/peer_reports/.
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