龙门山断裂带深溪沟段断层物质的物理力学性质试验研究
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摘要
断层泥是组成断层的地质材料中力学性质最薄弱的部分,为了解断层泥的物理力学性质对断层附近地面运动特性和工程结构破坏特征的影响,利用室内常规土工试验方法研究龙门山断裂带深溪沟段含断层泥的原状断层物质的物理力学性质。薄片鉴定试验结果表明,土样中的黑色土和灰色土的矿物成分基本类似,灰色部分为断层角砾岩,黑色部分为一般意义上的断层泥,黑色土中的褐铁矿使其颜色偏深。基本物理性质试验结果表明,黑色土的颗粒粒径小于灰色土,相对密度略低于灰色土。直剪试验结果表明,断层泥的孔隙率越高,剪应力峰值越低,饱和土样的剪应力峰值普遍高于非饱和土样;断层泥的剪切破坏呈塑性或半脆性破坏特征,剪应力随剪切位移的增大不断增加;黑色和灰色土界面是断层泥抗剪的薄弱面。
Mechanical property of fault gouge is the weakest in the geological materials composing the fault.In order to understand the influences of physico-mechanical properties of fault gouge on the characteristics of ground motion near fault and the damaged styles of structures,the direct shear tests on undisturbed samples of fault materials containing fault gouge from Longmenshan fault are conducted using conventional soil test method in laboratory;and investigations into natural fault material structures and mineral distributions are carried out.The slice identification results show that,mineral composition of black fault gouge is similar to that of gray breccia and the color of black is caused by limonite.The basic physical property test results show that the grain size of black gouge is smaller than that of gray gouge,distribution of grain size is very inhomogeneous,and the specific gravity of black gouge is less than that of gray gouge.Direct shear test results show that shear strength of fault materials with low void ratio is higher than that with high void ratio;and the peak shear stresses are larger for these specimens with high water content compared to those of specimens with low water content but the same void ratio.The maximum shear stresses do not appear until the shear tests stop,instead,the entire shear displacement is characterized by strain hardening or perfectly plastic behavior.The shear strength reaches the lowest for those specimens with shear zone in the interface between different layers.
Mechanical property of fault gouge is the weakest in the geological materials composing the fault.In order to understand the influences of physico-mechanical properties of fault gouge on the characteristics of ground motion near fault and the damaged styles of structures,the direct shear tests on undisturbed samples of fault materials containing fault gouge from Longmenshan fault are conducted using conventional soil test method in laboratory;and investigations into natural fault material structures and mineral distributions are carried out.The slice identification results show that,mineral composition of black fault gouge is similar to that of gray breccia and the color of black is caused by limonite.The basic physical property test results show that the grain size of black gouge is smaller than that of gray gouge,distribution of grain size is very inhomogeneous,and the specific gravity of black gouge is less than that of gray gouge.Direct shear test results show that shear strength of fault materials with low void ratio is higher than that with high void ratio;and the peak shear stresses are larger for these specimens with high water content compared to those of specimens with low water content but the same void ratio.The maximum shear stresses do not appear until the shear tests stop,instead,the entire shear displacement is characterized by strain hardening or perfectly plastic behavior.The shear strength reaches the lowest for those specimens with shear zone in the interface between different layers.
引文
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[2]何宏林,孙昭民,魏占玉,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带白沙河段破裂及其位移特征[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):658-673.(HE Honglin,SUN Zhaomin,WEI Zhanyu,et al.Rupture and displacement characteristics of the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake along Baishahe river[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):658-673.(in Chinese))
[3]BYERLEE J D.Friction of rocks[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1978,116(4/5):615-626.
[4]BYERLEE J D,MJACHKIN V,SUMMERS R,et al.Structure developed in fault gouge during Stable-sliding and stick-slip[J].Tectonophysics,1978,44(1/2/3/4):161-171.
[5]RUTTER E H,MADDOCK R H,HALL S H,et al.Comparative microstructures of natural and experimentally produced clay-bearing fault gouges[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1986,124(1/2):3-30.
[6]SIMPSON C.Fabric development in brittle-to-ductile shear zones[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1986,124(1/2):269-288.
[7]张秉良,向宏发,姜光熹.X光组构仪在活断层研究中的应用[J].地震地质,1997,19(1):68-70.(ZHANG Bingliang,XIANG Hongfa,JIANG Guangxi.Application of X-ray method with textret-goniometer to active fault studies[J].Seismology and Geology,1997,19(1):68-70.(in Chinese))
[8]张秉良,林传勇,方仲景,等.活断层中断层泥的显微构造特征及其意义[J].科学通报,1993,38(14):1 306-1 309.(ZHANG Bingliang,LIN Chuanyong,FANG Zhongjing,et al.Micro-characteristics of fault gouge from active fault and their geological significance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1993,38(14):1 306-1 309.(in Chinese))
[9]LIU Q,BUTTON E,KLIMA K.Investigation for probabilistic prediction of shear strength properties of clay-rich fault gouge in the Austrian Alps[J].Engineering Geology,2007,94(1/2):103-121.
[10]ZHANG X G,HAN W F,NIE D X.Engineering geological classification of fault rocks[C]//Proceedings of the 5th International IAEG Congress.Buenos Aires:[s.n.],1986:479-486.
[11]RIEDMüLLER G,BROSCH F J,KLIMA K,et al.Engineering geological characterization of brittle faults and classification of fault rocks[J].Rock and Soil Engineering,2001,19(4):13-19.
[12]BUTTON E A.A contribution to the characterization of phyllitic and schistose rock asses for tunneling[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Graz:Graz University of Technology,2004:134.
[13]耿乃光,姚孝新,陈颙.小江断裂带断层泥的基本力学性质[J].地震研究,1985,8(1):495-503.(GENG Naiguang,YAO Xiaoxin,CHEN Yong.The elemental mechanical properties of gouge on Xiaojiang Fault[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1985,8(1):495-503.(in Chinese))
[14]耿乃光,姚孝新,陈颙.沂沭断裂带断层泥力学性质的研究[J].华北地震科学,1986,4(3):21-30.(GENG Naiguang,YAO Xiaoxin,CHEN Yong.A study of mechanical properties of the Yishu Fault gouge[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,1986,4(3):21-30.(in Chinese))
[15]耿乃光,郝晋昇,李纪汉,等.断层泥力学性质与含水量关系初探[J].地震地质,1986,8(3):56-60.(GENG Naiguang,HAO Jinsheng,LI Jihan,et al.Preliminary study on relationship between mechanical properties of gouge and water content[J].Seismology and Geology,1986,8(3):56-60.(in Chinese))
[16]耿乃光,姚孝新,陈颙.中国五条断裂断层泥力学性质的初步研究[J].中国地震,1985,1(4):60-65.(GENG Naiguang,YAO Xiaoxin,CHEN Yong.Primary study on mechanical properties of the gouge for five large faults in China[J].Earthquake Research in China,1985,1(4):60-65.(in Chinese))
[17]陈颙,姚孝新,耿乃光,等.红河断裂带断层泥基本力学性质的初步研究[J].地震学报,1985,7(1):91-99.(CHEN Yong,YAO Xiaoxin,GENG Naiguang,et al.Preliminary study on elemental mechanical properties of gouge of the Red River Fault[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1985,7(1):91-99.(in Chinese))
[18]台佳佳,邓建辉,谢和平,等.汶川大地震中映秀—虹口地区的地表破裂[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):109-118.(TAI Jiajia,DENG Jianhui,XIE Heping,et al.Surface ruptures induced by associated Wenchuan Earthquake in Yingxiu and Hongkou areas[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science,2009,41(3):51-55.(in Chinese))
[19]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表构造带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.(XU Xiwei,WEN Xueze,YE Jianqing,et al.The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629.(in Chinese))
[20]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL237—1999土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.SL237—1999 Specification of soil test[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1999.(in Chinese))
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