海南岛东寨港红树林区岩芯地球化学特征及其古地震指示
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摘要
地震对海岸带地貌与沉积有明显影响,1605年海南岛琼山地震造成东寨港地区发生严重陷落事件。对采自东寨港红树林区258cm柱状岩芯YBL孔进行了粒度和元素地球化学分析,发现地球化学元素含量在125cm附近有明显突变,对应于沉积相从陆向海的转变,125cm以下岩芯沉积物为暗红棕色陆相沉积,125cm以上为灰色-橄榄灰色海相粉砂沉积。推测该沉积相突变是对海南岛东寨港地震陷落事件响应,结合采样点潮位高程推测1605年琼山地震导致东寨港区域沉陷幅度至少为1.6～1.8m。
Extreme earthquake in coastal region strongly changed the coastal landform and sedimentary sequences.The serious earthquake in the year of 1605 occurred at Qiongshan in the region around Puqian Bay,north-eastern Hainan Island,which was the most extensive earthquake recoded in the historical documents in South China with the seismic intensity of M7.5.This historical earthquake resulted in the land subsidence and the formation of the Dongzhai Bay.According to the sedimentary characteristics of the YBL Core and the analysis results about the grain seize and elements,the geochemical records of the historical earthquake was presented in this paper.The comprehensive analysis indicated the 1.6-1.8 meters subsidence occurred at the inner part of the Dongzhai Bay.The YBL Core near to Yeboluo Island was drilled to the buried red soils,which is the terrestrial environment before the earthquake subsidence.Rapid changes of the geochemical elements occurred at 125 cm of YBL Core and which indicated the environment changed quickly from terrestrial to marine environment.Further detailed study is needed for the analysis about the chronology,
Extreme earthquake in coastal region strongly changed the coastal landform and sedimentary sequences.The serious earthquake in the year of 1605 occurred at Qiongshan in the region around Puqian Bay,north-eastern Hainan Island,which was the most extensive earthquake recoded in the historical documents in South China with the seismic intensity of M7.5.This historical earthquake resulted in the land subsidence and the formation of the Dongzhai Bay.According to the sedimentary characteristics of the YBL Core and the analysis results about the grain seize and elements,the geochemical records of the historical earthquake was presented in this paper.The comprehensive analysis indicated the 1.6-1.8 meters subsidence occurred at the inner part of the Dongzhai Bay.The YBL Core near to Yeboluo Island was drilled to the buried red soils,which is the terrestrial environment before the earthquake subsidence.Rapid changes of the geochemical elements occurred at 125 cm of YBL Core and which indicated the environment changed quickly from terrestrial to marine environment.Further detailed study is needed for the analysis about the chronology,
引文
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[2]Chen J,Wang Z,Chen Z,et al.Diagnostic heavy minerals in Plio-Pleistocene sediments of the Yangtze Coast,China with special reference to the Yangtze River connection into the sea[J].Geo-morphology,2009,113(3-4):129-136.
[3]Santschi P H,Oktay S D,Cifuentes L.Carbon isotopes and iodine concentrations in a Mississippi River delta core recording land use,sediment transport,and dam building in the river’s drainage basin[J].Marine Environmental Reasearch,2007,63(3):278-290.
[4]Nichol S L,Goff J R,Devoy R J N,et al.Lagoon subsidence and tsunami on the west coast of NewZealand[J].Sedimentary Geolo-gy,2007,200(3-4):248-262.
[5]毛龙江,张永战,许叶华,等.海南岛东部铜鼓岭岸段港湾岸滩沉积特征[J].地理科学,2008,28(5):677～682.
[6]徐起浩.海南岛北部东寨港的形成、变迁与1605年琼州大地震[J].地震地质,1986,8(3):92～96.
[7]陈恩民,黄咏茵.1605年海南岛琼州大地震及其发震构造的初步探讨[J].地震地质,1979,1(4):37～44.
[8]徐起浩.1605年琼州大地震陆陷成海和可能的海啸[J].海洋学报,2007,29(3):146～156.
[9]贾铁飞,张卫国,俞立中,等.近800年来巢湖沉积物营养元素富集特点及其环境演变意义[J].地理科学,2009,29(5):893～900.
[10]舒强,赵志军,陈晔,等.江苏兴化DS浅孔沉积物地球化学元素与粒度所揭示的古环境意义[J].地理科学,2009,29(5):923～928.
[11]薛春汀.7000年来渤海西岸、南岸海岸线变迁[J].地理科学,2009,29(2):217～222.
[12]Scheffers A,Kelletat D.Sedimentologic and geomorphologic tsu-nami imprints worldwide-a review[J].Earth-Science Re-views,2003,63(1-2):83-92.
[13]Dawson A G,Stewart I.Tsunami deposits in the geological record[J].Sedimentary Geology,2007,200(3-4):166-183.
[14]UNEP.Geo-Year Book2004/5-an overview of our changing environment[R].Malta:Interprint Ltd.Malta,2005:50.
[15]杨桂山,施雅风,季子修,等.江苏沿海地区的相对海平面上升及其灾害性影响研究[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):88～97.
[16]李加林,王艳红,张忍顺,等.海平面上升的灾害效应研究——以江苏沿海低地为例[J].地理科学,2006,26(1):87～93.
[17]孟红明.海南岛东寨港红树林潮滩沉积记录研究[D].南京大学硕士学位论文,2008:25～26.
[18]Hutchinson I,McMillan A D.Archaeological Evidence for Village Abandonment Associated with Late Holocene Earthquakes at the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone[J].Quaternary Research,1997,48(1):79-87.
[19]Guilbault J P,Clague J J,Lapointe M.Amount of subsidence during a late Holocene earthquake—evidence from fossil tidal marsh foraminifera at Vancouver Island,west coast of Canada[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology1995,118(1-2):49-71.
[20]Hughes J F,Mathewes R W,Clague J J.Use of pollen and vascu-lar plants to estimate coseismic subsidence at a tidal marsh near Tofino,British Columbia[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatolo-gy,Palaeoecology,2002,185(1-2):145-161.
[21]Cundy A B,Kortekaas S,Dewez T,et al.Coastal wetlands as re-corders of earthquake subsidence in the Aegean:a case study of the1894Gulf of Atalantiearthquakes,central Greece[J].Marine Geology,2000,170(1-2):3-26.
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