长壁采场覆岩空间结构探讨
摘要
基于微地震定位监测技术监测岩体在三维空间破裂的成果,以及多种边界条件工作面岩层运动和应力场的观测结果,提出长壁采场覆岩空间结构的概念,并根据采场的边界条件,将覆岩空间结构分为中间有支撑的“θ”型、中间无支撑的“O”型、“S”型和“C”型4类。基于观测实例,阐述微地震定位监测技术用于监测空间结构的形成过程和范围、采空区边缘煤体内应力计用于反演综采放顶煤采场中间无支撑空间结构内部的覆岩运动、“孤岛”煤体应力计用于判断中间有支撑空间结构煤柱变形方式等多种观测方法及这些方法在覆岩空间结构研究中的综合应用途径。最后,展望覆岩空间结构学术观点及其研究方法在采矿工程中的应用前景。
Based on the achievement of 3D strata fracturing situation measured by microseismic monitoring techniques and field strata movement investigation,the authors present the concept of“strata spatial structure”.According to mining borders condition of longwall,strata spatial structures are divided into four shapes as follows:(1) θ-shaped spatial structure with center support(coal pillar);(2) O-shaped type spatial structure without center support(coal pillar);(3) S-shaped;and(4) C-shaped.They are described on how to use microseismic monitoring techniques to decide the developing progress of strata spatial structure,and on how to use drill hole pressure changing rules to judge the stability of coal pillar which is surrounded by four goafs(four sides are mined areas) and under strata spatial structure.According to the drill hole pressure monitoring results in sub-level caving face goaft,he forming progress of strata spatial structures without center support(coal pillar) is described.Based on field monitoring practicet,he authors discuss the applying method of microseismic monitoring techniques and drill hole pressure monitoring to the research on strata spatial structure,and show the application of the viewpoint of strata spatial structure and its research methods to mining engineering.
Based on the achievement of 3D strata fracturing situation measured by microseismic monitoring techniques and field strata movement investigation,the authors present the concept of“strata spatial structure”.According to mining borders condition of longwall,strata spatial structures are divided into four shapes as follows:(1) θ-shaped spatial structure with center support(coal pillar);(2) O-shaped type spatial structure without center support(coal pillar);(3) S-shaped;and(4) C-shaped.They are described on how to use microseismic monitoring techniques to decide the developing progress of strata spatial structure,and on how to use drill hole pressure changing rules to judge the stability of coal pillar which is surrounded by four goafs(four sides are mined areas) and under strata spatial structure.According to the drill hole pressure monitoring results in sub-level caving face goaft,he forming progress of strata spatial structures without center support(coal pillar) is described.Based on field monitoring practicet,he authors discuss the applying method of microseismic monitoring techniques and drill hole pressure monitoring to the research on strata spatial structure,and show the application of the viewpoint of strata spatial structure and its research methods to mining engineering.
引文
[1]姜福兴,Xun Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23–25.(Jiang Fuxing,Xun Luo,Yang Shuhua.Microseismic monitoring study on spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23–25.(in Chinese))
[2]姜福兴,杨淑华,Xun Luo.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4):357–360.(Jiang Fuxing,Yang Shuhua,Xun Luo.Spatial fracturing progresses of surrounding rock masses in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoring techniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357–360.(in Chinese))
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[7]Luo X,Hatherly P.Understanding of high gas emissions at Appin Colliery through microseismic monitoring[A].In:Proc.Int.Mining Tech.′98 Symp.[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1998.74–79.
[8]Hatherly P,Luo X,Dixon R,et al.Seismic monitoring of ground caving processes associated with longwall mining of coal[A].In:Gibowicz S J,Lasocki S ed.Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,2001.121–124.
[9]Luo X,Hatherly P,Ross J.Microseismic mapping of floor fracturing for longwall planning at South Blackwater Colliery[A].In:Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines-RaSiM5[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],2000.337–342.
[10]Luo X,Yu K,Hatherly P,et al.Microseismic monitoring of rock fracturing under aquifers in longwall coal mining[A].In:Proc.the 71st SEG Annual Meeting[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],2001.1 521–1 524.
[11]山东矿业学院.钻孔双端封堵测漏装置[P].1992,90225165.(Shandong Mining Institute.Packer for monitoring water leakage velocity in drill hole[P].1992,90225165.(in Chinese))
[2]姜福兴,杨淑华,Xun Luo.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4):357–360.(Jiang Fuxing,Yang Shuhua,Xun Luo.Spatial fracturing progresses of surrounding rock masses in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoring techniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357–360.(in Chinese))
[3]Young P R.Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines[M].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1993.23–50.
[4]Mendecki A J.Seismic Monitoring in Mines[M].London:Chapman and Hall,1997.12–75.
[5]Luo X,Hatherly P.Application of microseismic monitoring to characterise geomechnics conditions in longwall mining[J].Exploration Geophysics,1998,13:489–493.
[6]Luo X,Hatherly P,Gladwin M.Application of microseismic monitoring to longwall geomechanics and safety[A].In:Proc.the 17th Conf.Ground Control in Mining[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1998.72–78.
[7]Luo X,Hatherly P.Understanding of high gas emissions at Appin Colliery through microseismic monitoring[A].In:Proc.Int.Mining Tech.′98 Symp.[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1998.74–79.
[8]Hatherly P,Luo X,Dixon R,et al.Seismic monitoring of ground caving processes associated with longwall mining of coal[A].In:Gibowicz S J,Lasocki S ed.Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,2001.121–124.
[9]Luo X,Hatherly P,Ross J.Microseismic mapping of floor fracturing for longwall planning at South Blackwater Colliery[A].In:Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines-RaSiM5[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],2000.337–342.
[10]Luo X,Yu K,Hatherly P,et al.Microseismic monitoring of rock fracturing under aquifers in longwall coal mining[A].In:Proc.the 71st SEG Annual Meeting[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],2001.1 521–1 524.
[11]山东矿业学院.钻孔双端封堵测漏装置[P].1992,90225165.(Shandong Mining Institute.Packer for monitoring water leakage velocity in drill hole[P].1992,90225165.(in Chinese))
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