对1937年托索湖7.5级地震若干问题的探讨
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摘要
1937年托索湖7.5级地震发生在东昆仑活动断裂带的东段,前人曾对该地震组织过4次不同程度的考察,并得出了4种不同的结果。带着上述问题对该地震地表破裂带重新进行了实地考察、测量和综合研究,然后对该地震地表破裂带的西端点、最大左旋水平位移量、最大垂直位移量、宏观震中等问题进行了重新厘定,认为1937年托索湖7.5级地震地表破裂带西端点在阿拉克湖以西,长度至少为240km,最大左旋水平位移量为8m,垂直位移量为3.5m,宏观震中在三岔口一带。
The East Kunlun active fault zone, which lies in the valley of the Kunlun Mountains above the elevation of 4,000 meters, is an important active fault in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau. The Tuosuohu Lake earthquake of magnitude 7.5 in 1937 occurred in the eastern segment of the East Kunlun active fault zone. Four field investigations have been launched on this seism in 1963,1971 and between 1986 and 1990 respectively, and four different conclusions have been gained. From the length aspect of the surface deformation zone of this earthquake, it is commonly recognized that its east end lies in the west side of the main Ridge of Animaqing Mountains; the opinion about the west end and the location of the macro-epicenter is different. Based on our investigation and comprehensive study, a series scientific problems like geometric and kinetic characteristics, the length of the rupture zone, the maximum sinistrally horizontal displacement and the macro-epicenter were reestimated. It is considered that the total length of this zone should be at least 240km; the maximum sinistrally horizontal displacement is 8m, the maximum vertical displacement is 3.5m; the macro-epicenter is in Sanchakou.
The East Kunlun active fault zone, which lies in the valley of the Kunlun Mountains above the elevation of 4,000 meters, is an important active fault in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau. The Tuosuohu Lake earthquake of magnitude 7.5 in 1937 occurred in the eastern segment of the East Kunlun active fault zone. Four field investigations have been launched on this seism in 1963,1971 and between 1986 and 1990 respectively, and four different conclusions have been gained. From the length aspect of the surface deformation zone of this earthquake, it is commonly recognized that its east end lies in the west side of the main Ridge of Animaqing Mountains; the opinion about the west end and the location of the macro-epicenter is different. Based on our investigation and comprehensive study, a series scientific problems like geometric and kinetic characteristics, the length of the rupture zone, the maximum sinistrally horizontal displacement and the macro-epicenter were reestimated. It is considered that the total length of this zone should be at least 240km; the maximum sinistrally horizontal displacement is 8m, the maximum vertical displacement is 3.5m; the macro-epicenter is in Sanchakou.
引文
①中国科学院兰州地球物理研究所,1963,青海地震调查研究。
②兰州地震大队,青海地震考察队,1971,青海省都兰地区1971、1963、1937年三次大地震综合考察报告。
③国家地震局兰州地震研究所,青海省地震局联合考察队,1980,1937年托索湖地震形变带及库玛断裂带强震构造背景考察报告。
①②③同12页。
陈文彬,徐锡伟,张志坚,等.2001.2001年11月14日青新交界MS8.1地震地表破裂带的初步调查[J].西北地震学报,23(4):313—317.CHENWenbin,XUXiwei,ZHANGZhijian,etal.PreparatoryfieldinvestigationonthesurfacedeformationzoneoftheQinghaiXinjiangMS8.1earthquakeonNov.142001[J].NorthwesternSeismologicalJournal,23(4):313—317(inChinese).
崔中元,杨斌.1979.托索湖-玛曲活动断裂带[J].西北地震学报,1(2):57—61.CUIZhongyuan,YANGBin.1979.TheTuosuohuLakeMaquactivefaultzone[J].NorthwesternSeismologicalJournal,1(2):57—6l(inChinese).
顾功叙主编.1983.中国地震目录[Z].北京:科学出版社.GUGongxu(editorinchief).1983.EarthquakeCatalogofChina[Z].SciencePress,Beijing(inChinese).
贾云鸿,戴华光,苏向州.1988.青海托索湖地震断层[A].见:中国地震断层研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.JIAYunhong,DAIHuaguang,SUXiangzhou.1988.TheTuosuohuLakeseismicfaultinQinghaiProvince[A].In:ResearchonSeismicFaultsinChina.XinjiangPeoplesPublishingHouse,Urumqi(inChinese).
劳雄.1989.秀沟-玛沁断裂[J].中国地质科学院院报,19:1—7.LAOXiong.1989.TheXiugouMaqenfault[J].JournalofChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences,19:1—7(inChinese).
李龙海,贾云鸿.198l.一九三七年青海托索湖7.5级地震形变带特征[J].西北地震学报,3(3):61—65.LILonghai,JIAYunhong.1981.ThedeformationzonefromtheM7.5TuosuoHuLakeearthquakeoccurringinQinghaiin1937[J].NorthwesternSeismologicalJournal,3(3):61—65(inChinese).
李春峰,贺群禄,赵国光.2004.东昆仑活动断裂带东段古地震活动特征[J].地震学报,25(1):60—67.LIChunfeng,HEQun1u,ZHAOGuoguang.2004.PaleoearthquakestudiesontheeasternsectionoftheKunlunFault[J].ActaSeismolicaSinica,25(1):60—67(inChinese).
刘光勋.1996.东昆仑活动构造带及强震活动[J].中国地震,12(2):119—126.LIUGuangxun.1996.EasternKunlunactivefaultzoneanditsseismicactivity[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,12(2):119—126(inChinese).
刘光勋,肖振敏,谢新生,等.1996.1937年花石峡7.5级地震地表破裂带及有关问题[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(5).北京:地震出版社.LIUGuangxun,XIAOZhenmin,XIEXinsheng,etal.1996.Thesurfacerupturezoneofthe1937Huashixiaearthquake(M=7.5)inQinghaianditsrelatedproblems[A].InstituteofGeology,SSB(ed).ResearchonActiveFault(5).SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
青海省地震局,中国地震局地壳应力研究所.1999.东昆仑活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社.SeismologicalBureauofQinghaiProvince,InstituteofCrustalDynamics,CEA.1999.TheEasternKunlunActiveFaultZone[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
肖振敏,刘光勋,王焕贞,等.1988.青海花石峡地震形变带的初步研究[J].中国地震,4(1):68—75.XIAOZhenmin,LIUGuangxun,WANGHuanzhen,etal.1988.PreliminarystudiesontheHuashixiaearthquakedeformationzoneinQinghai[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,4(1):68—75(inChinese).
徐锡伟,陈文彬,于贵华,等.2002.2001年11月14日昆仑山库赛湖地震(MS8.1)地表破裂带的基本特征[J].地震地质,24(1):1—13.XUXiwei,CHENWenbin,YUGuihua,etal.2002.CharacteristicfeaturesofthesurfacerupturesoftheHohSaiHu(Kunlunshan)earthquakes(MS8.1),northernTibetanPlateau,China[J].SeismologyandGeology,24(1):1—13(inChinese).
赵瑞斌,李军,向志勇,等.2003.昆仑山口西8.1级地震西破裂带尾端破裂特征[J].地震地质,25(3):575—580.ZHAORuibin,LIJun,XIANGZhiyong,etal.2003.TipstructuresofthewesternsegmentofsurfacerupturezoneoftheMS8.1westofKunlunMountainpassearthquake[J].SeismologyandGeology,25(3):575—580(inChinese).
②兰州地震大队,青海地震考察队,1971,青海省都兰地区1971、1963、1937年三次大地震综合考察报告。
③国家地震局兰州地震研究所,青海省地震局联合考察队,1980,1937年托索湖地震形变带及库玛断裂带强震构造背景考察报告。
①②③同12页。
陈文彬,徐锡伟,张志坚,等.2001.2001年11月14日青新交界MS8.1地震地表破裂带的初步调查[J].西北地震学报,23(4):313—317.CHENWenbin,XUXiwei,ZHANGZhijian,etal.PreparatoryfieldinvestigationonthesurfacedeformationzoneoftheQinghaiXinjiangMS8.1earthquakeonNov.142001[J].NorthwesternSeismologicalJournal,23(4):313—317(inChinese).
崔中元,杨斌.1979.托索湖-玛曲活动断裂带[J].西北地震学报,1(2):57—61.CUIZhongyuan,YANGBin.1979.TheTuosuohuLakeMaquactivefaultzone[J].NorthwesternSeismologicalJournal,1(2):57—6l(inChinese).
顾功叙主编.1983.中国地震目录[Z].北京:科学出版社.GUGongxu(editorinchief).1983.EarthquakeCatalogofChina[Z].SciencePress,Beijing(inChinese).
贾云鸿,戴华光,苏向州.1988.青海托索湖地震断层[A].见:中国地震断层研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社.JIAYunhong,DAIHuaguang,SUXiangzhou.1988.TheTuosuohuLakeseismicfaultinQinghaiProvince[A].In:ResearchonSeismicFaultsinChina.XinjiangPeoplesPublishingHouse,Urumqi(inChinese).
劳雄.1989.秀沟-玛沁断裂[J].中国地质科学院院报,19:1—7.LAOXiong.1989.TheXiugouMaqenfault[J].JournalofChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences,19:1—7(inChinese).
李龙海,贾云鸿.198l.一九三七年青海托索湖7.5级地震形变带特征[J].西北地震学报,3(3):61—65.LILonghai,JIAYunhong.1981.ThedeformationzonefromtheM7.5TuosuoHuLakeearthquakeoccurringinQinghaiin1937[J].NorthwesternSeismologicalJournal,3(3):61—65(inChinese).
李春峰,贺群禄,赵国光.2004.东昆仑活动断裂带东段古地震活动特征[J].地震学报,25(1):60—67.LIChunfeng,HEQun1u,ZHAOGuoguang.2004.PaleoearthquakestudiesontheeasternsectionoftheKunlunFault[J].ActaSeismolicaSinica,25(1):60—67(inChinese).
刘光勋.1996.东昆仑活动构造带及强震活动[J].中国地震,12(2):119—126.LIUGuangxun.1996.EasternKunlunactivefaultzoneanditsseismicactivity[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,12(2):119—126(inChinese).
刘光勋,肖振敏,谢新生,等.1996.1937年花石峡7.5级地震地表破裂带及有关问题[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(5).北京:地震出版社.LIUGuangxun,XIAOZhenmin,XIEXinsheng,etal.1996.Thesurfacerupturezoneofthe1937Huashixiaearthquake(M=7.5)inQinghaianditsrelatedproblems[A].InstituteofGeology,SSB(ed).ResearchonActiveFault(5).SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
青海省地震局,中国地震局地壳应力研究所.1999.东昆仑活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社.SeismologicalBureauofQinghaiProvince,InstituteofCrustalDynamics,CEA.1999.TheEasternKunlunActiveFaultZone[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
肖振敏,刘光勋,王焕贞,等.1988.青海花石峡地震形变带的初步研究[J].中国地震,4(1):68—75.XIAOZhenmin,LIUGuangxun,WANGHuanzhen,etal.1988.PreliminarystudiesontheHuashixiaearthquakedeformationzoneinQinghai[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,4(1):68—75(inChinese).
徐锡伟,陈文彬,于贵华,等.2002.2001年11月14日昆仑山库赛湖地震(MS8.1)地表破裂带的基本特征[J].地震地质,24(1):1—13.XUXiwei,CHENWenbin,YUGuihua,etal.2002.CharacteristicfeaturesofthesurfacerupturesoftheHohSaiHu(Kunlunshan)earthquakes(MS8.1),northernTibetanPlateau,China[J].SeismologyandGeology,24(1):1—13(inChinese).
赵瑞斌,李军,向志勇,等.2003.昆仑山口西8.1级地震西破裂带尾端破裂特征[J].地震地质,25(3):575—580.ZHAORuibin,LIJun,XIANGZhiyong,etal.2003.TipstructuresofthewesternsegmentofsurfacerupturezoneoftheMS8.1westofKunlunMountainpassearthquake[J].SeismologyandGeology,25(3):575—580(inChinese).
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