开采对断层扰动效应的动力学特征及判据
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摘要
为评价开采活动对断层的扰动效应,引入构造地震断层库仑破裂应力的概念,建立开采活动引起的断层面库仑扰动应力变化动态模型,提出开采对断层扰动效应的特征判据,即基于库仑扰动应力变化的断层扰动破坏应力判据、面积判据和梯度判据。开采引起的库仑扰动应力越大,变化梯度越高,涉及的空间范围越大,则断层活化的可能性或者孕育冲击性动力灾害的危险性就越大。据此理论结合数值模拟综合分析鲍店矿开采活动对断层的扰动效应,分析结果与矿区实际情况基本吻合。
In order to evaluate the fault disturbance effect caused by exploitation,the concept of coulomb failure stress of tectonic earthquake fault has been introduce,the dynamic model of coulomb disturbance stress changes in fault plane caused by mining disturbance is established,and characteristics criterion of disturbance effect caused by exploitation is advanced. The characteristics criterion includes stress criterion,area criterion and gradient criterion expressed by coulomb stress changes. The higher the level and gradient of coulomb disturbance stress and the greater the distribution range,the bigger the potential risk of triggering dynamic disaster. On the basis of this theory combining with numerical simulation technology,the fault disturbance effect during coal exploitation in Baodian mine is analyzed,the results of which is roughly tallying with the actual situation
In order to evaluate the fault disturbance effect caused by exploitation,the concept of coulomb failure stress of tectonic earthquake fault has been introduce,the dynamic model of coulomb disturbance stress changes in fault plane caused by mining disturbance is established,and characteristics criterion of disturbance effect caused by exploitation is advanced. The characteristics criterion includes stress criterion,area criterion and gradient criterion expressed by coulomb stress changes. The higher the level and gradient of coulomb disturbance stress and the greater the distribution range,the bigger the potential risk of triggering dynamic disaster. On the basis of this theory combining with numerical simulation technology,the fault disturbance effect during coal exploitation in Baodian mine is analyzed,the results of which is roughly tallying with the actual situation
引文
[1]何满朝,钱七虎.深部岩体力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:5–6.(HE Manchao,QIAN Qihu.The basis of deep rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:5–6.(in Chinese))
[2]王金安,刘航,李铁.临近断层开采动力危险区划分数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):28–35.(WANG Jinan,LIU Han,LI Tie.Study on numerical simulation of dynamic risk regionalization during exploitation approaching to faults[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):28–35.(in Chinese))
[3]纪洪广,王金安,蔡美锋.冲击地压事件物理特征与几何特征的相关性与统一性[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(1):31–36.(JI Hongguang,WANG Jinan,CAI Meifeng.Relativity and unity of physical and geometrical characteristics of rockbursting events[J].Journal of china coal society,2003,28(1):31–36.(in Chinese))
[4]裴广文,纪洪广.深部开采过程中构造型冲击地压的能量级别预测[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(7):48–51.(PEI Guangwen,JI Hongguang.Prediction on energy classification of structure type pressure bump during deep mining operation[J].Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(7):48–51.(in Chinese))
[5]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642–649.(PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al.The theoretical and testing study of fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):642–649.(in Chinese))
[6]潘岳,刘英,顾善发.矿井断层冲击地压的折迭突变模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):43–48.(PAN Yue,LIU Ying,GU Shanfa.Fold catastrophe model of mining fault rockbrust[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):43–48.(in Chinese))
[7]王学滨,赵杨峰,张智慧,等.考虑应变率及应变梯度效应的断层岩爆分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 859–1 862.(WANG Xuebin,ZHAO Yangfeng,ZHANG Zhihui,et a1.Analysis of fault rock burst considering strain rate and strain gradient[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 859–1 862.(in Chinese))
[8]HARRIS R A.Introduction to special section:stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(B10):24 347–24 358.
[9]万永革,吴忠良,周公威,等.地震应力触发研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(5):533–551.(WAN Yongge,WU Zhongliang,ZHOU Gongwei,et al.Research on seismic stress triggering[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(5):533–551.(in Chinese))
[10]陈化然,徐锡伟,赵国敏,等.断层相互作用与地震活动[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:1–57.(CHEN Huaran,XU Xiwei,ZHAO Guomin,et al.Fault interaction and earthquake activity[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:1–57.(in Chinese))
[11]陈化然,李轶群,马宏生,等.基于断层相互作用理论的强震成组孕育发生初步研究[J].地震,2003,23(3):51–56.(CHEN Huaran,LI Tiequn,MA Hongsheng,et al.Preliminary study on strong earthquake occurred in groups based on the theory of fault interaction[J].Earthquake,2003,23(3):51–56.(in Chinese))
[12]BYERLEE D J.Friction of Rocks[J].Pure and Appl Geophys,1978,116(1):615–626.
[13]陈长臻.基于地应力场测量的开采设计优化与动力灾害控制研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京科技大学,2009.(CHEN Changzhen.Study of mining design optimization and dynamic hazard control based on in-situ stress measurement[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2009.(in Chinese))
[14]李伟.鲍店煤矿动力灾害诱发机理与防控对策研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京科技大学,2009.(LI Wei.Study on the mechanism of mining induced dynamic hazard and the prevention strategy in baodian colliery[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2009.(in Chinese))
[2]王金安,刘航,李铁.临近断层开采动力危险区划分数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):28–35.(WANG Jinan,LIU Han,LI Tie.Study on numerical simulation of dynamic risk regionalization during exploitation approaching to faults[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):28–35.(in Chinese))
[3]纪洪广,王金安,蔡美锋.冲击地压事件物理特征与几何特征的相关性与统一性[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(1):31–36.(JI Hongguang,WANG Jinan,CAI Meifeng.Relativity and unity of physical and geometrical characteristics of rockbursting events[J].Journal of china coal society,2003,28(1):31–36.(in Chinese))
[4]裴广文,纪洪广.深部开采过程中构造型冲击地压的能量级别预测[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(7):48–51.(PEI Guangwen,JI Hongguang.Prediction on energy classification of structure type pressure bump during deep mining operation[J].Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(7):48–51.(in Chinese))
[5]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642–649.(PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al.The theoretical and testing study of fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):642–649.(in Chinese))
[6]潘岳,刘英,顾善发.矿井断层冲击地压的折迭突变模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):43–48.(PAN Yue,LIU Ying,GU Shanfa.Fold catastrophe model of mining fault rockbrust[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):43–48.(in Chinese))
[7]王学滨,赵杨峰,张智慧,等.考虑应变率及应变梯度效应的断层岩爆分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 859–1 862.(WANG Xuebin,ZHAO Yangfeng,ZHANG Zhihui,et a1.Analysis of fault rock burst considering strain rate and strain gradient[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 859–1 862.(in Chinese))
[8]HARRIS R A.Introduction to special section:stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(B10):24 347–24 358.
[9]万永革,吴忠良,周公威,等.地震应力触发研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(5):533–551.(WAN Yongge,WU Zhongliang,ZHOU Gongwei,et al.Research on seismic stress triggering[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(5):533–551.(in Chinese))
[10]陈化然,徐锡伟,赵国敏,等.断层相互作用与地震活动[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:1–57.(CHEN Huaran,XU Xiwei,ZHAO Guomin,et al.Fault interaction and earthquake activity[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:1–57.(in Chinese))
[11]陈化然,李轶群,马宏生,等.基于断层相互作用理论的强震成组孕育发生初步研究[J].地震,2003,23(3):51–56.(CHEN Huaran,LI Tiequn,MA Hongsheng,et al.Preliminary study on strong earthquake occurred in groups based on the theory of fault interaction[J].Earthquake,2003,23(3):51–56.(in Chinese))
[12]BYERLEE D J.Friction of Rocks[J].Pure and Appl Geophys,1978,116(1):615–626.
[13]陈长臻.基于地应力场测量的开采设计优化与动力灾害控制研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京科技大学,2009.(CHEN Changzhen.Study of mining design optimization and dynamic hazard control based on in-situ stress measurement[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2009.(in Chinese))
[14]李伟.鲍店煤矿动力灾害诱发机理与防控对策研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京科技大学,2009.(LI Wei.Study on the mechanism of mining induced dynamic hazard and the prevention strategy in baodian colliery[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2009.(in Chinese))
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