修井机地锚桩抗拔承载能力试验研究
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摘要
地锚桩经由绷绳与井架相连,是修井时固定安放修井井架的重要组成部分,其桩基抗拔承载力直接关系到修井作业和人员安全。大庆油田现用地锚桩主要形式为普通油管桩,其极限承载力主要为桩侧摩阻力。为使修井地锚桩具有足够的承载力以保证修井安全,运用振动和机械阻抗测试方法,对不同土况下桩承载力进行试验,通过计算机械导纳和动刚度,得到大庆油田采油区域地锚桩承载能力与土质条件的关系:黏土桩承载力最大,砂土次之,低洼湿地和建筑回填土较差。解释了地锚桩拔桩过程中桩土作用机理和侧摩阻力非线性变化规律。采用直接拔桩方法对测试结果进行验证,说明机械阻抗法可推广应用于此类等截面抗拔桩的承载力研究,为油田地锚桩安全施工提供理论依据。
The earth anchor pile is the most important part to fix the derrick on the oil work-over rig,which is connected with steel wire ropes during the work-over operation. Its bearing capacity concerns the safety of workers and work-over equipment. The oil pipes are ordinarily made into the anchor piles. The main part of the pile's ultimate bearing capacity is pile side friction. To ensure the fixing quality of the whole derrick,the anchor piles must have great bearing capacity. The experiments on anchor piles in different soil conditions are done by using the methods of vibration and mechanical impedance test. After calculating the piles' mechanical impedance and dynamic stiffness,the results of relations between the bearing capacities of anchor piles and soil conditions are got. The greatest bearing capacity of anchor pile is in clay soil,then in sandy soil,and the least is in low-lying wetland and construction backfill soil. It explains the mechanism of soil-pile interaction and the nonlinear law of pile side friction. The direct pile pulling method is used,which verifies the validity and accuracy of the mechanical impedance test,and is worth popularizing in the type of uniform section piles research. It can provide a help to prevent the anchor piles from being pulled out the earth during the oil tubes moving up and down,and ensure the safety operation.
The earth anchor pile is the most important part to fix the derrick on the oil work-over rig,which is connected with steel wire ropes during the work-over operation. Its bearing capacity concerns the safety of workers and work-over equipment. The oil pipes are ordinarily made into the anchor piles. The main part of the pile's ultimate bearing capacity is pile side friction. To ensure the fixing quality of the whole derrick,the anchor piles must have great bearing capacity. The experiments on anchor piles in different soil conditions are done by using the methods of vibration and mechanical impedance test. After calculating the piles' mechanical impedance and dynamic stiffness,the results of relations between the bearing capacities of anchor piles and soil conditions are got. The greatest bearing capacity of anchor pile is in clay soil,then in sandy soil,and the least is in low-lying wetland and construction backfill soil. It explains the mechanism of soil-pile interaction and the nonlinear law of pile side friction. The direct pile pulling method is used,which verifies the validity and accuracy of the mechanical impedance test,and is worth popularizing in the type of uniform section piles research. It can provide a help to prevent the anchor piles from being pulled out the earth during the oil tubes moving up and down,and ensure the safety operation.
引文
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[9]袁斌,郭东海.抗拔桩承载力分析[J].山西建筑,2007,33(2):101-102.YUAN Bin,GUO Donghai.Bearing capacity analysis of uplift pile[J].Journal of Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(2):101-102.(in Chinese)
[10]陈岳林,叶炜平,何鸽俊,等.等截面抗拔桩的承载力性状研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,(40增刊):174-178.CHEN Yuelin,YE Weiping,HE Gejun,et al.A study on the bearing capacity of anti-uplift piles of uniform cross sections[J].Journal of Civil Engineering,2007,(40,supplementary issue):174-178.(in Chinese)
[11]邹龙庆,冷建成,祝娟.用机械阻抗法确定作业井架地锚桩的极限承载力[J].地震工程与工程振动.2005,25(2):165-168.ZOU Longqing,LENG Jiancheng,ZHU Juan.Ultim ate pull bearing capacity of anchor pile on workingderrick determined by mechanical in impedance method[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(2):165-168.[10]
[12]许宏发,罗国煜,廖铁平,等.等截面桩的抗拔机理研究[J].工程勘察,2003(3):4-6.XU Hongfa,LUO Guoyi,LIAO Tieping,et al.Study on uplift mechanism of uniform-section pile[J].Journal of Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2003(3):4-6.(in Chinese)
[13]姜忻良,徐炳伟.复杂结构-桩-土振动台模型试验数据分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(6):171-175.JIANG Xinliang,XU Bingwei.Data analysis of shaking table test studying complex structure-pile-soil interaction[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(6):171-175.(in Chinese)
[2]John P.Tuner and Fred H.Kulhawy.Drained uplift capacity of drilled shafts under repeated axial loading[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1990,116(3):470-490.
[3]Kyle M.Rollins and Robert J.Clayton.Drilled shaft side friction in gravellysoil[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(8):987-1002.
[4]周正炳,白光裕.重锤式打拔桩车的运用与改进[J].石油矿场机械,1993,22(3):26-30.ZHOU Zhengbing,BAI Guangyu.Use and improvement of the pile car with heavy hammer[J].Journal of Oil Field Equipment,1993,22(3):26-30.(in Chinese)
[5]Dash B K,Pise P J.Effect of compressive load on uplift capacity of model piles[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(11):987-992.
[6]杨爱国,植万镒,朱靖.等截面抗拔桩承载机理的有限元分析[J].工业建筑,2008,38(增刊):671-676.YANG Aiguo,ZHI Wanyi,ZHU Jing,et al.FEM analysis on bearing mechanism of constant section tension piles[J].Journal of Industrial Architecture,2008,38(supplementary issue):671-676.(in Chinese)
[7]张亚旭,王修信,庄海洋.接触对桩-土-结构动力相互作用体系的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(6):176-181.ZHANG Yaxu,WANG Xiuxin,ZHUANG Haiyang.Effect of contact behavior on responses of pile-soil-structure dynamic interaction systems[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(6):176-181.(in Chinese)
[8]张忠苗,张乾青,张广兴.软土地区抗拔桩受力性状的试验研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2009,43(11):2114-2119.ZHANG Zhongmiao,ZHANG Qianqing,ZHANG Guangxing.Mechanical properties of uplift pile in soft soils[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2009,43(11):2114-2119.(in Chinese)
[9]袁斌,郭东海.抗拔桩承载力分析[J].山西建筑,2007,33(2):101-102.YUAN Bin,GUO Donghai.Bearing capacity analysis of uplift pile[J].Journal of Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(2):101-102.(in Chinese)
[10]陈岳林,叶炜平,何鸽俊,等.等截面抗拔桩的承载力性状研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,(40增刊):174-178.CHEN Yuelin,YE Weiping,HE Gejun,et al.A study on the bearing capacity of anti-uplift piles of uniform cross sections[J].Journal of Civil Engineering,2007,(40,supplementary issue):174-178.(in Chinese)
[11]邹龙庆,冷建成,祝娟.用机械阻抗法确定作业井架地锚桩的极限承载力[J].地震工程与工程振动.2005,25(2):165-168.ZOU Longqing,LENG Jiancheng,ZHU Juan.Ultim ate pull bearing capacity of anchor pile on workingderrick determined by mechanical in impedance method[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(2):165-168.[10]
[12]许宏发,罗国煜,廖铁平,等.等截面桩的抗拔机理研究[J].工程勘察,2003(3):4-6.XU Hongfa,LUO Guoyi,LIAO Tieping,et al.Study on uplift mechanism of uniform-section pile[J].Journal of Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2003(3):4-6.(in Chinese)
[13]姜忻良,徐炳伟.复杂结构-桩-土振动台模型试验数据分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(6):171-175.JIANG Xinliang,XU Bingwei.Data analysis of shaking table test studying complex structure-pile-soil interaction[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(6):171-175.(in Chinese)
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