深埋隧洞微震活动区与岩爆的相关性研究
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摘要
基于锦屏二级水电站深埋引水隧洞和排水洞大量微震监测数据及上百个不同等级岩爆实例,研究了深埋隧洞微震活动区与岩爆之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)微震活动分布范围主要介于掌子面后方3倍洞径至前方1.5倍洞径之间,而岩爆高发区位于掌子面后方3倍洞径以内,表明岩爆高发区与微震事件主要分布范围相吻合;(2)隧洞工程岩爆潜在风险重点关注区域是掌子面后方3倍洞径已开挖范围,以及掌子面前方1.5倍洞径施工范围;(3)微震事件及岩爆分布呈区域性集结特点,其中一部分岩爆发生于微震事件集结区内部,另一部分岩爆发生于微震事件集结区边缘,这是岩体破坏过程中所固有的现象,与微震事件集结区边缘局部应力集中密切相关。
Based on a large amount of microseismic monitoring data and hundreds of rockbursts with different intensities occurring in the deep diversion and drainage tunnels of JinpingⅡhydropower station,relativity between rockburst and microseismic activity zone is studied.The conclusions are drawn as follows.(1) Microseismic activity mainly ranges from 3 times the tunnel diameter behind working face to 1.5 times ahead;and rockburst high-risk zone lies in the region as large as 3 times the tunnel diameter behind working face.Therefore rockburst high-risk zone is greatly in accordance with the main microseismic activity zone.(2) Potential rockburst high-risk zones in tunnel project are highly localized in the region already excavated as large as 3 times the tunnel diameter behind working face and the region under construction as large as 1.5 times the tunnel diameter ahead of working face.(3) Seismic events and rockburst distribution are characterized by regional aggregation.Some of them happen in the aggregation region of seismic events.Others happen on the edge of aggregation region of seismic events.That is an inherent phenomenon in the failure progress of rock mass and closely related to local stress concentration on the edge of aggregation region of seismic events.
Based on a large amount of microseismic monitoring data and hundreds of rockbursts with different intensities occurring in the deep diversion and drainage tunnels of JinpingⅡhydropower station,relativity between rockburst and microseismic activity zone is studied.The conclusions are drawn as follows.(1) Microseismic activity mainly ranges from 3 times the tunnel diameter behind working face to 1.5 times ahead;and rockburst high-risk zone lies in the region as large as 3 times the tunnel diameter behind working face.Therefore rockburst high-risk zone is greatly in accordance with the main microseismic activity zone.(2) Potential rockburst high-risk zones in tunnel project are highly localized in the region already excavated as large as 3 times the tunnel diameter behind working face and the region under construction as large as 1.5 times the tunnel diameter ahead of working face.(3) Seismic events and rockburst distribution are characterized by regional aggregation.Some of them happen in the aggregation region of seismic events.Others happen on the edge of aggregation region of seismic events.That is an inherent phenomenon in the failure progress of rock mass and closely related to local stress concentration on the edge of aggregation region of seismic events.
引文
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[2]DURRHEIM R J.The deep mine and future mineresearch programms——knowledge and technology fordeep gold mining in South Africa[C]//POTVIN Y,HADJIGEORGIOU J,STACEY D ed.Challenges inDeep and High Stress Mining.Nedlands:AustralianCenter for Geomechanics,2007:130-140.
[3]BLAKE W,HEDLEY D G F.Rockbursts:case studiesfrom North American hardrock mines[M].[S.l.]:Littleton,Colorado:Society for Mining,Metallurgy andExploration Inc.,2003:19-28.
[4]MIKULA P A.The practice of seismic management inmines——how to love your seismic monitoring system[C]//POTVIN Y,HUDYMA M ed.Controlling Seismic Risk-RaSiM6.Nedlands:Australian Center for Geomechanics,2005:21-31.
[5]MENDECKI A J.Seismic monitoring in mines[M].1st ed.London:Chapman and Hall,1997.
[6]杨承祥,罗周全,唐礼忠.基于微震监测技术的深井开采地压活动规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):818-824.YANG Cheng-xiang,LUO Zhou-quan,TANG Li-zhong.Study on rule of geostatic activity basted on microseismicmonitoring technique in deep mining[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):818-824.
[7]唐绍辉,潘懿,黄英华,等.深井矿山地压灾害微震监测技术应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):3597-3603.TANG Shao-hui,PAN Yi,HUANG Ying-hua,et al.Application research of micro-seismic monitoringtechnology to geostress hazards in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):3597-3603.
[8]赵兴东,李元辉,刘建坡,等.红透山矿深部开采岩爆潜在区微震活动性研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(9):1330-1333.ZHAO Xing-dong,LI Yuan-hu,LIU Jian-po,et al.Studyon microseismic activity in potential rockburst zoneduring deep excavation in Hongtoushan Mine[J].Journalof Northeastern University(Natural Science),2009,30(9):1330-1333.
[9]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤岩冲击前兆微震频谱演变规律的试验与实证研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):519-525.LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,WU Xing-rong,et al.Experimental and empirical research on frequency-spectrum evolvement rule of rockburst precursorymicroseismic signals of coal-rock[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):519-525.
[10]杨志国,于润沧,郭然,等.基于微震监测技术的矿山高应力区采动研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊2):3632-3638.YANG Zhi-guo,YU Run-cang,GUO Ran,et al.Researchof mining based on microseismic monitoring technologyin high-stress area[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3632-3638.
[11]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,曾雄辉,等.深埋隧洞TBM掘进微震实时监测与特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):275-283.CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,ZENG Xiong-hui,et al.Real-time microseismic monitoring and its characteristicanalysis during TBM tunneling in deep-buried tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):275-283.
[12]冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:即时型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):433-444.FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui,MING Hua-jun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts at deeptunnels:immediate rockburst[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):433-444.
[13]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:时滞型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):561-569.CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,MING Hua-jun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts at deeptunnels:time delayed rockburst[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):561-569.
[14]尹祥础.地震预报的新途径——加卸载响应比理论[J].力学与实践,2004,26(6):1-7.YIN Xiang-chu.A new approach to earthquake prediction——load/unload response ratio(LURR)theory[J].Mecha-nics in Engineering,2004,26(6):1-7.
[15]MARTIN C D.Seventeenth Canadian geotechnicalcolloquium:the effect of cohesion loss and stress path onbrittle rock strength[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1997,34(5):698-725.
[16]侯发亮,刘小明,王敏强.岩爆成因再分析及烈度划分探讨[C]//第3届全国岩石动力学学术会议论文集.武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1992:448-457.HOU Fa-liang,LIU Xiao-ming,WANG Min-qiang.Discussion on rockburst origin and degree[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd Academic Conference on NationalRock Dynamics.Wuhan:Technical University ofSurveying and Mapping Press,1992:448-457.
[17]杨润海,许昭永,赵晋明,等.微破裂成核过程和应力(场)关系的实验研究[J].地震研究,1998,21(2):128-133.YANG Yun-hai,XU Zhao-yong,ZHAO Jin-ming,et al.Experimental study between core-forming process ofmicro rupture and stress field[J].Journal ofSeismological Research,1998,21(2):128-133.
[18]李世愚,和泰名,尹祥础.岩石断裂力学导论[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2010.
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