斜坡动力变形破坏特征的振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
以‘5.12’汶川地震灾区典型斜坡岩体组合结构为模拟特征,采用水平层状上硬下软和上软下硬两种岩性组合概念模型,设计并完成了1:100比尺的大型振动台试验。在基本满足相似律的基础上,试验在模型底部输入了不同类型、激振方向和振幅的激励波。根据试验宏观现象显示,斜坡模型的变形破坏特征与地震动参数、岩性组合结构密切相关,其破坏具有累积效应且受层面控制,上软下硬斜坡模型沿层面形成高位滑坡,呈"拉-剪"破坏模式,而上硬下软斜坡模型沿更深层面形成整体式崩塌,在破坏前并无明显的控制裂缝,其破坏时间相对落后于上软下硬斜坡模型。
Based on prototype slopes in disaster areas of '5·12 ' Wenchuan Earthquake,two types of horizontally layered model slopes including hardness-upward or softness-upward,are designed to do the large-scale shaking table test with the geometric scale of 1:100.Following the law of similitude,the seismic responses of model slopes could be investigated with different input wave kinds,frequencies,excitation directions and amplitudes.The macro phenomena indicate that;the deformation and failure processes were dependent on seismic parameters and lithological combinations,they demonstrated cumulative effect and were controlled by rock layers.The softness-upward model slope occurred a landslide with high potential along the upmost contact surface,and displayed the tension and shear failure mode.By contrast,the hardness-upward model slope occurred a collapse along the deeper contact surface without obvious control cracks beforehand,and its time of failure was behind the softness-upward model slope's.
Based on prototype slopes in disaster areas of '5·12 ' Wenchuan Earthquake,two types of horizontally layered model slopes including hardness-upward or softness-upward,are designed to do the large-scale shaking table test with the geometric scale of 1:100.Following the law of similitude,the seismic responses of model slopes could be investigated with different input wave kinds,frequencies,excitation directions and amplitudes.The macro phenomena indicate that;the deformation and failure processes were dependent on seismic parameters and lithological combinations,they demonstrated cumulative effect and were controlled by rock layers.The softness-upward model slope occurred a landslide with high potential along the upmost contact surface,and displayed the tension and shear failure mode.By contrast,the hardness-upward model slope occurred a collapse along the deeper contact surface without obvious control cracks beforehand,and its time of failure was behind the softness-upward model slope's.
引文
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[17]梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,等.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1307-1311.LIANG Qing-guo,HAN Wen-feng,MA Run-yong,et al.Physical simulation study on dynamic failures of layeredrock masses under strong ground motion[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2005,26(8):1307-1311.
[2]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.HUANG Run-qiu.Mechanics and geomechanical modesof landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(6):1239-1249.
[3]冯文凯,黄润秋,许强,等.震裂斜坡形成机理及变形破坏模式研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,(6):42-48.FENG Wen-kai,HUANG Run-qiu,XU Qiang,et al.Study on formation mechanism and deformation failuremodels of shatter slopes[J].Hydrogeology andEngineering Geology,2009,(6):42-48.
[4]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.HUANG Run-qiu,LI Wei-le.Research on developmentand distribution rules of geohazards induced byWenchuan Earthquake on 12th May,2008[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.
[5]周荣军,赖敏,余桦,等.汶川Ms8.0地震四川及邻区数字强震台网记录[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1850-1859.ZHOU Rong-jun,LAI Min,YU Hua,et al.Strong motionrecords of Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake from digitalstrong earthquakes in Sichuan and its neighbouringregions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2010,29(9):1850-1859.
[6]UMEDA Y,KUROISO A,ITO K,MURAMATU I.High accelerations produced by the Western NaganoPrefecture,Japan,earthquake of 1984[J].Tectonophysics,1987,141:335-343.
[7]KEIITI Aki.Local site effects on weak and strong groundmotion[J].Tectonophysics,1993,218:93-111.
[8]KHOA-Van Nguyen,BEHROUZ Gatmiri.Evaluation ofseismic ground motion included by topographicirregularity[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2007,27:183-188.
[9]王存玉,王思敬.斜坡模型振动试验研究[M]//岩体工程地质力学问题(七).北京:科学出版社,1987.
[10]LIN Meei-ling,WANG Kuo-lung.Seismic slope behaviorin a large-scale shaking table model test[J].EngineeringGeology,2006,86:118-133.
[11]HONG Yung-shan,CHEN Rong-her,WU Chosen,CHENJian-ren.Shaking table tests and stability analysis of steepnailed slopes[J].Canada Geotechnical Journal,2005,42:1264-1279.
[12]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624-632.XU Guang-xing,YAO Ling-kan,GAO Zhao-ning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamiccharacteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624-632.
[13]WANG Kuo-lung,LIN Meei-ling.Initiation anddisplacement of landslide induced by earthquake-a studyof shaking table model slope test[J].EngineeringGeology,DOI:10.1016,2011.04.008.
[14]许强,刘汉香,邹威,等.斜坡加速度动力响应特性的大型振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2420-2429.XU Qiang,LIU Han-xiang,ZOU Wei,et al.Study onslope dynamic responses of accelerations by large-scaleshaking table test[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2420-2429.
[15]刘汉香,许强,邹威,等.地震动强度对斜坡加速度动力响应规律的影响[J].岩土力学,(待刊).LIU Han-xiang,XU Qiang,ZOU Wei,et al.Theinfluence of the ground motion intensity on the dynamicresponse laws of slope accelerations[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,(to be published).
[16]王栋.川藏公路黄草坪2#隧道地震动力响应的三维模型试验研究[硕士学位论文D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.
[17]梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,等.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1307-1311.LIANG Qing-guo,HAN Wen-feng,MA Run-yong,et al.Physical simulation study on dynamic failures of layeredrock masses under strong ground motion[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2005,26(8):1307-1311.
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