矿山水害灾变链式模型与工程应用
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摘要
矿山水害灾变具有链式的结构特征。结合灾害链式理论与矿山工程特征,探讨矿山水害的断链减灾理论模型与工程控制措施具有重要意义。以某矿山为工程实例,基于灾害链式理论构建了矿山水害的动态灾变链理论模型,将影响矿山水害形成的灾害要素划分为3类集合。构建了集合与集合、集合与集合内要素、要素与要素间的动态理论模型,分析了矿山水害链随时间变化的阶段性特征。提出了针对水害链孕育、潜存与爆发各个阶段特征的3种断链减灾模式和控制措施。应用该模型对某矿山610中段存在的由老窿水患引起的残矿资源回收问题,从断链减灾模式出发,提出了控制水害发生的具体的工程技术措施。研究结果表明,该矿山水害链模型显示的水害链灾源主要由地表水与老窿储水构成,并在工程响应下诱发充水通道形成灾害输出的灾变链结构;水害链模型可以有效描述矿井水害从孕育到发生的过程;610中段水患问题处于爆发状态;针对水害链的结构特征与状态,提出了老窿充填、地下排水和水资源的循环利用等控制水害的断链减灾工程措施,可以实现矿山水害的减灾、治理与水资源利用的协同处置。
Chain effect of water disaster has been found during the mining process in the underground mining.Taken disaster chain theory and characteristics of the mine into account,the chain-cutting disaster mitigation model and engineering measures are great significant to the underground mine.According to the theory model of disaster chain,the water disaster chain model of a mine in Hunan was built.Elements in water disaster chain model was divided into three collections.The relations among elements in water disaster chain were built as equations.The characteristics of elements changing over times were analyzed.Three approaches of disaster mitigations were proposed for each period of water disaster chain.The 610 level's mine water trouble of the mine in Hunan was taken as an engineer example,the results showed that,the built mine water disaster chain model could effectively describe the characters of mine water disasters.This mine water disaster chain source was mainly formed by the surface water seep and the water storage in goaf.The disaster output was transformed from the chain source through water-conducting induce under the response of mining.The 610 level's water trouble was in the period of disaster burst.Engineering measures were raised to deal with chain-cutting disaster mitigation,control of water disaster and water resources utilization coordinately,such as filling mined-out area,underground drainage and circulation utilization of water resources.
Chain effect of water disaster has been found during the mining process in the underground mining.Taken disaster chain theory and characteristics of the mine into account,the chain-cutting disaster mitigation model and engineering measures are great significant to the underground mine.According to the theory model of disaster chain,the water disaster chain model of a mine in Hunan was built.Elements in water disaster chain model was divided into three collections.The relations among elements in water disaster chain were built as equations.The characteristics of elements changing over times were analyzed.Three approaches of disaster mitigations were proposed for each period of water disaster chain.The 610 level's mine water trouble of the mine in Hunan was taken as an engineer example,the results showed that,the built mine water disaster chain model could effectively describe the characters of mine water disasters.This mine water disaster chain source was mainly formed by the surface water seep and the water storage in goaf.The disaster output was transformed from the chain source through water-conducting induce under the response of mining.The 610 level's water trouble was in the period of disaster burst.Engineering measures were raised to deal with chain-cutting disaster mitigation,control of water disaster and water resources utilization coordinately,such as filling mined-out area,underground drainage and circulation utilization of water resources.
引文
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[15]Gao F,Zhou K P,Luo X W,et al.Chain effect and control of environmental disaster induced by underground mining[C]//Jin D,Lin S.Advances in Computer Science,Intelligent System and Environment.Berlin:Springer,2011,105:53-59.
[16]张瑞,邓红卫,黄永红,等.矿山水害链构建及孕源断链减灾途径研究[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(3):218-222.Zhang Rui,Deng Hongwei,Huang Yonghong,et al.Journal of Safety and Environment,2011,11(3):218-222.
[17]董东林,孙录科,马靖华,等.郑州矿区突水模式及防治对策研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):363-369.Dong Donglin,Sun Luke,Ma Jinghua,et al.Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):363-369.
[18]Wu Q,Zhou W F,Guan E T.Emergency responses to water disasters in coalmines China[J].Environmental Geology,2009,58(1):95-100.
[2]肖盛燮,等.灾变链式理论及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.Xiao Shengxie,et al.Disaster chain theory and application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.
[3]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268-277.Yang Tianhong,Tang Chun'an,Tan Zhihong,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268-277.
[4]刘文方,肖盛燮,隋严春,等.自然灾害链及其断链减灾模式分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,5(S1):2675-2681.Liu Wenfang,Xiao Shengxie,Sui Yanchun,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,5(S1):2675-2681.
[5]陈宁,王运生,蒋发森,等.汶川县渔子溪地震地质灾害特征及灾害链成生分析[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(3):340-349.Chen Ning,Wang Yunsheng,Jiang Fasen,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(3):340-349.
[6]徐文杰,陈祖煜,何秉顺,等.肖家桥滑坡堵江机制及灾害链效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):933-942.Xu Wenjie,Chen Zuyu,He Bingshun,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):933-942.
[7]Xu M Z,Wang Z Y,Li J,et al.Disaster chains intiated by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Environmental Earth Science,2012,65(4):975-985.
[8]倪晋仁,李秀霞,薛安,等.泥沙灾害链及其在灾害过程规律研究中的应用[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(5):1-9.Ni Jinren,Li Xiuxia,Xue An,et al.Journal of Natural Disasters,2004,13(5):1-9.
[9]王静爱,雷永等,周洪建,等.中国东南沿海台风灾害链区域规律与适应对策研究[J].北京师范大学学报,2012(2):130-138.Wang Jing'ai,Lei Yongdeng,Zhou Hongjian,et al.Journal of Beijing Normal University,2012(2):130-138.
[10]李发文,张行行,宫爱玺,等.蓄滞洪区洪水灾害链式类型特征及防御措施研究[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(5):252-255.Li Fawen,Zhang Xingxing,Gong Aixi,et al.Journal of Safety and Environment,2011,11(5):252-255.
[11]Wang L,Cai Y L,Chen H Q,et al.Flood disaster in Taihu Basin,China:Causal chain and policy option analyses[J].Environmental Earth Science,2011,63(5):1119-1124.
[12]张学富,张耀南,梁波,等.昆仑山隧道漏水灾害的链式机制及断链减灾新措施[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S1):2719-2729.Zhang Xuefu,Zhang Yaonan,Liang Bo,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S1):2719-2729.
[13]王卓理,耿鹏旭,王海荣.矿山地质灾害链及其断链减灾实践研究[J].地域研究与开发,2011,30(5):156-160.Wang Zhuoli,Geng Pengxu,Wang Hairong.Areal Research and Development,2011,30(5):156-160.
[14]郭付三,袁巧红,殷坤龙,等.矿山小流域地质环境灾害链及系统治理技术研究——以豫西小秦岭地区金矿开采为例[J].金属矿山,2010(4):146-158.Guo Fusan,Yuan Qiaohong,Yin Kunlong,et al.Metal Mine,2010(4):146-158.
[15]Gao F,Zhou K P,Luo X W,et al.Chain effect and control of environmental disaster induced by underground mining[C]//Jin D,Lin S.Advances in Computer Science,Intelligent System and Environment.Berlin:Springer,2011,105:53-59.
[16]张瑞,邓红卫,黄永红,等.矿山水害链构建及孕源断链减灾途径研究[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(3):218-222.Zhang Rui,Deng Hongwei,Huang Yonghong,et al.Journal of Safety and Environment,2011,11(3):218-222.
[17]董东林,孙录科,马靖华,等.郑州矿区突水模式及防治对策研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):363-369.Dong Donglin,Sun Luke,Ma Jinghua,et al.Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):363-369.
[18]Wu Q,Zhou W F,Guan E T.Emergency responses to water disasters in coalmines China[J].Environmental Geology,2009,58(1):95-100.
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