建筑火灾坍塌危险性的评估
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摘要
从建筑火灾坍塌事故的特点及危害入手,分析了火灾中影响建筑坍塌时间的因素,阐述了建筑火灾坍塌前兆,得出建筑火灾坍塌危险性评估结论:在无爆炸发生情况下,无先天质量问题的钢筋混凝土建筑,一般在火灾持续5、6个小时内不会发生整体坍塌;我国北方建筑比南方的建筑普遍抗烧塌性相对较强;按防震设计的震区建筑,其火灾抗塌性明显增强;灭火冷却及时的建筑不易坍塌。
Starting with the characteristic and damage of collapse in building fire accident,the influence factors that affect the collapse time were analyzed and the signs of collapse were elaborated in details.Through considering synthetically with the whole process of the building collapse analysis,a preliminary conclusion was described in details: generally,in condition of that there is no explosion or any innate quality defect,the building in fire will not collapse in five or six hours.Secondly,most buildings in northern part of china will get a better performance on resisting collapse in fire than the southern part.Thirdly,the performance of resisting collapse will be distinctly enhanced if the buildings are designed according to the earthquake-resistant standards.Finally measures,such as firefighting and cooling,will extend the time before collapse.
Starting with the characteristic and damage of collapse in building fire accident,the influence factors that affect the collapse time were analyzed and the signs of collapse were elaborated in details.Through considering synthetically with the whole process of the building collapse analysis,a preliminary conclusion was described in details: generally,in condition of that there is no explosion or any innate quality defect,the building in fire will not collapse in five or six hours.Secondly,most buildings in northern part of china will get a better performance on resisting collapse in fire than the southern part.Thirdly,the performance of resisting collapse will be distinctly enhanced if the buildings are designed according to the earthquake-resistant standards.Finally measures,such as firefighting and cooling,will extend the time before collapse.
引文
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[2]班德良.建筑物火灾坍塌问题研究[J].科技创新导报,2008,(26):169-170BAN De-liang.Building fire collapse problem research[J].Scientific and Technological Innovations’Guide,2008,(26):169-170
[3]张高潮,赵胜.多层商住楼火灾扑救中建筑坍塌原因及预防对策研究[J].上海消防,2004,(9):30-33ZHANG Gao-chao,ZHAO Sheng.Causes and preven-tions of multi-storey commercial residential buildings firefighting and collapsed[J].Shanghai Fire,2004,(9):30-33
[4]苗国典,魏捍东.地震灾害应急救援队行动准则初探[J].武警学院学报,2008,(8):12-16MIAO Guo-dian,WEI Han-dong.Earthquake disaster e-mergency rescue team action rule[J].Journal of People'sArmed Police College,2008,(8):12-16
[5]张京,范茂魁.由四川汶川地震看科学施救[J].武警学院学报,2008,(8):25-28ZHANG Jing,FAN Mao-kui.To pay attention to scientif-ic rescue from Sichuan wenchuan earthquake[J].Journalof People's Armed Police College,2008,(8):25-28
[6]李卫平.北京地区未来地震中各种类型建筑可能造成的人员死亡率[J].灾害学,2005,(12):62-63LI Wei-ping.The personnel mortality may be caused byall kinds of building in future earthquakes of Beijing area[J].Science of Disaster,2005,(12):62-63
[7]马占全.地震灾害救援行动要点探讨[J].武警学院学报,2008,(8):20-22MA Zhan-quan.Discussion on key points of earthquakedisaster rescue[J].Journal of People's Armed Police Col-lege,2008,(8):20-22
[8]公安部消防局.高层建筑灭火对策研究指南[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2009
[9]公安部消防局.公安消防部队作战训练安全要则(试行)[Z].2007
[10]中国赴日地震考察团.日本阪神大地震考察[M].北京:地震出版社,1995
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