城市应急避难场所规划建设的思考与探索
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摘要
从城市应急避难场所的基本概念和功能内容出发,探讨可供规划选址的空间场所类型及必要的交通和基础设施条件,提出了时限和距离、功能和规模、场所和条件、设施和运行等4个方面的规划要素和内容,对应急避难场所应具备的场地条件、疏散和救援通道、市政设施和物资供应等建设内容,细化提出了建设导则。在我国现行的城市基础设施规划建设机制的背景下,为了整合规划、投资、建设和应急管理等众多政府职能,有效地推进城市避难场所的规划建设,提出依靠政府部门联动审批管理,保障落实应急避难的功能建设内容。最后提出加强社会舆论宣传和知识普及,开展地震应急避难演练,全面提高城市居民应急避难的综合素养,从而提高整个城市的抗震减灾能力。
Based on the definition and main functions of emergency shelters,this paper analyzes the space types,emergency channels and necessary facilities of the refuges.The analysis provides basic knowledge for the construction guidelines with various criterions,including time limit,distance,functions,scale,site conditions,facilities and operation.Considering the urban facility planning and management in China,emergency refuge projects should integrate different governmental functions,like planning,investment,construction,operation and management.Last but not least,improving the citizen's consciousness of self-protection plays an important role of urban disaster prevention capability by regular prevention drills and social media publicities.
Based on the definition and main functions of emergency shelters,this paper analyzes the space types,emergency channels and necessary facilities of the refuges.The analysis provides basic knowledge for the construction guidelines with various criterions,including time limit,distance,functions,scale,site conditions,facilities and operation.Considering the urban facility planning and management in China,emergency refuge projects should integrate different governmental functions,like planning,investment,construction,operation and management.Last but not least,improving the citizen's consciousness of self-protection plays an important role of urban disaster prevention capability by regular prevention drills and social media publicities.
引文
[1]戴晴,高振记,杨鹊平.城市应急避难场所研究方法综述[J].科技资讯,2010(6):250-251.DAI Qing,GAO Zhenji,YANG Queping.Reviewon Methods of City Emergency Shelter[J].Science&Technology Information,2010(6):250-251.
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[3]李静,张浪,陈艾洁.城市应急避难场所与城市绿地建设结合途径的探讨[J].中国园林,2007(5):83-86.LI Jing,ZHANG Lang,CHEN Aijie.Discussionof the Ways of Combining the Urban Emergency Shelter and Urban Green Space Construction[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2007(5):83-86.
[4]林晨,许彦曦,佟庆.城市应急避难场所规划研究——以深圳市龙岗区为例[J].规划师,2007(2):58-60.LIN Chen,XU Yanxi,TONG Qing.Study on thePlanning of Urban Emergency Shelters——TakeLonggang District in Shenzhen for Example[J].Planners,2007(2):58-60.
[5]李景奇,夏季.城市防灾公园规划研究[J].中国园林,2007(7):16-22.LI Jingqi,XIA Ji.Study of Urban DisasterPrevention Park Planning[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2007(7):16-22.
[6]林树枝,黄建南.汶川地震后应急避难场所建设的对策研究[J].福建建筑,2008(10):69-71.LIN Shuzhi,HUANG Jiannan.The Researchon the Construction of Emergency Shelter after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Fujian Architecture&Construction,2008(10):69-71.
[7]上海市城市规划设计研究院.上海市中心城应急避难场所布局规划[R].2008.Shanghai Urban Planning and Design Research Institute.Shanghai Downtown Emergency ShelterLayout Planning[R].2008.
[2]陈志芬,李强,陈晋.城市应急避难场所层次布局研究(Ⅱ)——三级层次选址模型[J].自然灾害学报,2010(5):13-19.CHEN Zhifen,LI Qiang,CHEN Jin.Studyon Hierarchical Location of Urban Emergency Shelters(Ⅱ):Three-hierarchical Location Models[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2010(5):13-19.
[3]李静,张浪,陈艾洁.城市应急避难场所与城市绿地建设结合途径的探讨[J].中国园林,2007(5):83-86.LI Jing,ZHANG Lang,CHEN Aijie.Discussionof the Ways of Combining the Urban Emergency Shelter and Urban Green Space Construction[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2007(5):83-86.
[4]林晨,许彦曦,佟庆.城市应急避难场所规划研究——以深圳市龙岗区为例[J].规划师,2007(2):58-60.LIN Chen,XU Yanxi,TONG Qing.Study on thePlanning of Urban Emergency Shelters——TakeLonggang District in Shenzhen for Example[J].Planners,2007(2):58-60.
[5]李景奇,夏季.城市防灾公园规划研究[J].中国园林,2007(7):16-22.LI Jingqi,XIA Ji.Study of Urban DisasterPrevention Park Planning[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2007(7):16-22.
[6]林树枝,黄建南.汶川地震后应急避难场所建设的对策研究[J].福建建筑,2008(10):69-71.LIN Shuzhi,HUANG Jiannan.The Researchon the Construction of Emergency Shelter after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Fujian Architecture&Construction,2008(10):69-71.
[7]上海市城市规划设计研究院.上海市中心城应急避难场所布局规划[R].2008.Shanghai Urban Planning and Design Research Institute.Shanghai Downtown Emergency ShelterLayout Planning[R].2008.
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