土石围堰分期拆除过程中的边坡稳定性分析
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摘要
为了确保爆区附近已建成的各种水工建筑物的安全以及降低爆破难度和工作量,围堰爆破拆除通常采用分期分区的方式进行。针对赞比亚卡里巴北岸水电站扩机工程进水口围堰分期拆除工程,采用三维有限差分方法结合强度折减法和拟静力法,分别对进水口围堰在削薄后造孔损伤前、削薄过程中受爆破荷载作用、造孔损伤后3种情形下的稳定性进行了综合分析,以确保围堰边坡在分期拆除过程中的整体稳定性,并论证分期拆除方案的可行性。数值计算结果表明:围堰背水面边坡削薄处理过程对围堰和背水面边坡的影响是局部的,对围堰背水面边坡的整体稳定性没有产生较大的影响,表明分期拆除方案是安全、合理的。
Blasting demolition of cofferdam is usually carried out by stages and areas to ensure the safety of hydraulic structures near the blasting zone and to reduce the difficulty of blasting and the workload.To secure the global stability of cofferdam slope during phased demolition,and to prove the feasibility of the phased demolition scheme,we analyzed the stabilities of intake cofferdam in three cases: after being thinned and before borehole drilling damage,during thinning process under blasting loads,and after borehole drilling damage.The phased demolition project for the intake cofferdam of extension project of north bank of Kariba hydropower station in Zambia is taken as a case study.Three-dimensional finite-difference method in association with strength reduction method and pseudo-static method were adopted.The results of numerical simulation showed that the safety factor of cofferdam slope was 1.43 after being thinned and before borehole drilling damage,1.39 during thinning process under blasting loads,and 1.32 after borehole drilling damage,all met the requirements of standard.These results reveal that the effects of thinning process on the cofferdam and the cofferdam slope on land side are only local,with no serious impact,indicating that the phased demolition scheme is safe and rational.
Blasting demolition of cofferdam is usually carried out by stages and areas to ensure the safety of hydraulic structures near the blasting zone and to reduce the difficulty of blasting and the workload.To secure the global stability of cofferdam slope during phased demolition,and to prove the feasibility of the phased demolition scheme,we analyzed the stabilities of intake cofferdam in three cases: after being thinned and before borehole drilling damage,during thinning process under blasting loads,and after borehole drilling damage.The phased demolition project for the intake cofferdam of extension project of north bank of Kariba hydropower station in Zambia is taken as a case study.Three-dimensional finite-difference method in association with strength reduction method and pseudo-static method were adopted.The results of numerical simulation showed that the safety factor of cofferdam slope was 1.43 after being thinned and before borehole drilling damage,1.39 during thinning process under blasting loads,and 1.32 after borehole drilling damage,all met the requirements of standard.These results reveal that the effects of thinning process on the cofferdam and the cofferdam slope on land side are only local,with no serious impact,indicating that the phased demolition scheme is safe and rational.
引文
[1]吴新霞,沙保卫.白莲河抽水蓄能电站取水口围堰拆除爆破控制标准研究[J].爆破,2010,27(1):99-103.(WU Xin-xia,SHA Bao-wei.Study on Blasting Con-trolled Standard of Intake Cofferdam Explosive Demolitionat Bailianhe Pumped Storage Power Station[J].Blasting,2010,27(1):99-103.(in Chinese))
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[6]刘杰,李建林,张玉灯,等.基于拟静力法的大岗山坝肩边坡地震工况稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1562-1570.(LIU Jie,LI Jian-lin,ZHANG Yu-deng,et al.Stability Analysis of DagangshanDam Abutment Slope under Earthquake Based on Pseudo-Static Method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2009,28(8):1562-1570.(in Chi-nese))
[7]李维光,张继春.爆破振动作用下顺层岩质边坡稳定性分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(5):426-431.(LIWei-guang,ZHANG Ji-chun.Study on Rock Mass Bed-ding Slope Stability under Blast Seism[J].Explosion andShock Waves,2007,27(5):426-431.(in Chinese))
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[9]陈明,卢文波,舒大强,等.爆破振动作用下边坡极限平衡分析的等效加速度计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):784-791.(CHEN Ming,LUWen-bo,SHU Da-qiang,et al.Calculation Method of E-quivalent Acceleration for Limit Equilibrium Analysis ofSlope under Blasting Vibration[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(4):784-791.(in Chinese))
[10]高文学,刘宏宇,刘洪洋,等.爆破开挖对路堑高边坡稳定性影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,9(增1):2982-2988.(GAO Wen-xue,LIU Hong-yu,LIUHong-yang,et al.Road High Cutting Slope Stability Anal-ysis under Influence of Blasting for Excavation[J].Chi-nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,9(Sup.1):2982-2988.(in Chinese))
[11]夏祥,李俊如,李海波,等.爆破荷载作用下岩体振动特征的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2005,26(1):50-57.(XIA Xiang,LI Jun-ru,Li Hai-bo,et al.Udec Model-ing of Vibration Characteristics of Jointed Rock Mass un-der Explosion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(1):50-57.(in Chinese))
[12]高金石,张继春.爆破破岩机理动力分析[J].金属矿山,1989,(9):7-12.(GAO Jin-shi,ZHANG Ji-chun.Dynamic Analysis of Rock Blasting Mechanism[J].Met-al Mine,1989,(9):7-12.(in Chinese))
[13]HENRYCH J.The Dynamics of Explosion and Its Use[M].New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Compa-ny,1979.
[14]DL/T5087—1999,水利水电工程围堰设计导则[S].北京:中国电力出版社,1999.(DL/T5087—1999,Guide of Cofferdam Design for Hydropower and WaterConservancy Project[S].Beijing:China Electric PowerPress,1999.(in Chinese))
[15]DL/T5353—2006,水利水电工程边坡设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(DL/T5353—2006,Design Code for Slopes in Water Resources andHydropower Projects[S].Beijing:China Water PowerPress,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]张文煊,刘美山.大型水电站围堰及岩坎爆破拆除中的安全防护问题研究[J].工程爆破,2008,14(4):76-81.(ZHANG Wen-xuan,LIU Mei-shan.Research onSafety Protection Problems in Blasting Demolition of Cof-ferdam and Rock Ridge of Large Hydropower Station[J].Engineering Blasting,2008,14(4):76-81.(in Chi-nese))
[3]陈明,钟权,卢文波,等.导流洞进口围堰爆破拆除水流冲渣技术研究[J].爆破,2010,27(3):73-76.(CHEN Ming,ZHONG Quan,LU Wen-bo,et al.Study onWater Flow Impact Residue Technology of ExplosiveDemolition of Diversion Tunnel Intake Cofferdam[J].Blasting,2010,27(3):73-76.(in Chinese))
[4]陈泽观,林从谋,黄志辉.爆破动力作用下边坡稳定性的积分解法与应用[J].岩土工程技术,2006,20(6):275-279.(CHEN Ze-guan,LIN Cong-mou,HUANGZhi-hui.Integral Method and Application for DynamicStability of Slope under Blasting Loads[J].GeotechnicalEngineering Technique,2006,20(6):275-279.(in Chi-nese))
[5]陈占军,朱传云,周小恒.爆破荷载作用下岩石边坡动态响应的FLAC3D模拟研究[J].爆破,2005,22(4):8-13.(CHEN Zhan-jun,ZHU Chuan-yun,ZHOU Xiao-heng.FLAC3D Simulation for Dynamic Response of RockSlope under Explosion[J].Blasting,2005,22(4):8-13.(in Chinese))
[6]刘杰,李建林,张玉灯,等.基于拟静力法的大岗山坝肩边坡地震工况稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1562-1570.(LIU Jie,LI Jian-lin,ZHANG Yu-deng,et al.Stability Analysis of DagangshanDam Abutment Slope under Earthquake Based on Pseudo-Static Method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2009,28(8):1562-1570.(in Chi-nese))
[7]李维光,张继春.爆破振动作用下顺层岩质边坡稳定性分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(5):426-431.(LIWei-guang,ZHANG Ji-chun.Study on Rock Mass Bed-ding Slope Stability under Blast Seism[J].Explosion andShock Waves,2007,27(5):426-431.(in Chinese))
[8]胡益华,李宁,韩信,等.岩石边坡爆破动力荷载计算方法初探[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2005,3(1):49-53.(HU Yi-hua,LI Ning,HAN Xin,et al.Cal-culating Method of Blasting Load in Rock Slope Engineer-ing[J].Journal of Water Resources and ArchitecturalEngineering,2005,3(1):49-53.(in Chinese))
[9]陈明,卢文波,舒大强,等.爆破振动作用下边坡极限平衡分析的等效加速度计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):784-791.(CHEN Ming,LUWen-bo,SHU Da-qiang,et al.Calculation Method of E-quivalent Acceleration for Limit Equilibrium Analysis ofSlope under Blasting Vibration[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(4):784-791.(in Chinese))
[10]高文学,刘宏宇,刘洪洋,等.爆破开挖对路堑高边坡稳定性影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,9(增1):2982-2988.(GAO Wen-xue,LIU Hong-yu,LIUHong-yang,et al.Road High Cutting Slope Stability Anal-ysis under Influence of Blasting for Excavation[J].Chi-nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,9(Sup.1):2982-2988.(in Chinese))
[11]夏祥,李俊如,李海波,等.爆破荷载作用下岩体振动特征的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2005,26(1):50-57.(XIA Xiang,LI Jun-ru,Li Hai-bo,et al.Udec Model-ing of Vibration Characteristics of Jointed Rock Mass un-der Explosion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(1):50-57.(in Chinese))
[12]高金石,张继春.爆破破岩机理动力分析[J].金属矿山,1989,(9):7-12.(GAO Jin-shi,ZHANG Ji-chun.Dynamic Analysis of Rock Blasting Mechanism[J].Met-al Mine,1989,(9):7-12.(in Chinese))
[13]HENRYCH J.The Dynamics of Explosion and Its Use[M].New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Compa-ny,1979.
[14]DL/T5087—1999,水利水电工程围堰设计导则[S].北京:中国电力出版社,1999.(DL/T5087—1999,Guide of Cofferdam Design for Hydropower and WaterConservancy Project[S].Beijing:China Electric PowerPress,1999.(in Chinese))
[15]DL/T5353—2006,水利水电工程边坡设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(DL/T5353—2006,Design Code for Slopes in Water Resources andHydropower Projects[S].Beijing:China Water PowerPress,2006.(in Chinese))
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