煤巷断层区顶板破断机制分析及支护对策研究
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摘要
针对断层区煤巷顶板破断问题,分别建立了正断层和逆断层构造区的顶板弹性深梁力学模型,研究了顶板应力分布规律,并以Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则为判据,分析了不同顶板压力、支护强度、跨高比等因素下的顶板破断机制。理论分析表明,顶板深梁最大有效剪应力随跨高比增大而增大;其随跨高比不同而呈现出3种不同破断模式;穿越断层的巷道在断层区域应尽早使用强力支护系统,提高支护强度;穿越正断层的巷道在断层面附近应当提高护表效果。根据理论分析结论提出,在煤巷断层区使用让压型锚索箱梁支护系统,可对顶板围岩进行及时强力支护,实现"先控后让再抗",既能有效发挥支护系统作用,又能充分发挥围岩自承能力。上述支护对策应用于巨野矿区断层区煤巷支护方案设计中,有效防止了顶板事故的发生,验证了理论分析的正确性。
Based on the issues of roof collapse in fault zones,roof elastic thick outrigger mechanical models in normal fault zone and reverse fault zone are established;the roof stress distribution law is researched;and the roof collapse mechanisms under different roof pressures,different support strengths,different span-depth ratios,etc.are analyzed according to the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.Theoretical analysis shows that the maximum effective shear stress of roof thick outrigger increases with the growth of span-depth ratio;and it presents three different kinds of fracture modes with the increasing of span-depth ratio;support strength should be enhanced in the roadway crossed faults;surface protection effect should be enhanced near normal fault plane.According to the theoretical analysis,pressure relief anchor box beam support system is put forward to apply to fault zones,by which roof is supported opportunely and forcefully;and the effect of first anti-pressure,then pressure relief,at last anti-pressure is implemented;and the support system works effectively;the self-bearing ability of surrounding rock is put into full play.The mechanism research conclusion is applied to the support scheme in similar fault zones of the mine;and it prevents roof collapse accidents effectively,so as to prove that the conclusion of theoretical analysis is correct.
Based on the issues of roof collapse in fault zones,roof elastic thick outrigger mechanical models in normal fault zone and reverse fault zone are established;the roof stress distribution law is researched;and the roof collapse mechanisms under different roof pressures,different support strengths,different span-depth ratios,etc.are analyzed according to the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.Theoretical analysis shows that the maximum effective shear stress of roof thick outrigger increases with the growth of span-depth ratio;and it presents three different kinds of fracture modes with the increasing of span-depth ratio;support strength should be enhanced in the roadway crossed faults;surface protection effect should be enhanced near normal fault plane.According to the theoretical analysis,pressure relief anchor box beam support system is put forward to apply to fault zones,by which roof is supported opportunely and forcefully;and the effect of first anti-pressure,then pressure relief,at last anti-pressure is implemented;and the support system works effectively;the self-bearing ability of surrounding rock is put into full play.The mechanism research conclusion is applied to the support scheme in similar fault zones of the mine;and it prevents roof collapse accidents effectively,so as to prove that the conclusion of theoretical analysis is correct.
引文
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[17]谢和平.岩石混凝土损伤力学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990,8-13.
[18]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990,391-393.
[19]康红普,王金华,林健.高预应力强力支护系统及其在深部巷道中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(12):1233-1238.KANG Hong-pu,WANG Jin-hua,LIN Jian.Highpretensioned stress and intensive bolting system and itsapplication to deep roadways[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2007,32(12):1233-1238.
[2]陈波,梁汉东.地震活动与矿井顶板事故影响关系统计分析[J].地学前缘,2010,17(1):238-245.CHEN Bo,LIANG Han-dong.Statistical analysis of therelationship between rock accidents and earthquakes[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(1):238-245.
[3]彭成.2004-2008年全国煤矿顶板事故分析[J].中国煤炭,2010(1):104-105.PENG Cheng,An analysis of mine roof accidentsnationwide 2004-2008[J].China Coal,2010(1):104-105.
[4]张庆春.煤矿顶板事故的预防主体及其行为分析[J].矿业安全与环保,2010,37(增刊):120-121.ZHANG Qing-chun.Prevention subject and behavioranalysis of roof accidents in coal mines[J].MiningSafety and Environmental Protection,2010,37(Supp.):120-121.
[5]贾明魁.岩层组合劣化型冒顶机制研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1343-1347.JIA Ming-kui.Research on roof falling mechanism ofdeteriorative strata combination supported by bolts[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(7):1343-1347.
[6]肖同强,柏建彪.断层附近煤巷锚杆支护破碎围岩稳定机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):482-486.XIAO Tong-qiang,BAI Jian-biao.Stabilizationmechanism of crushed surrounding rock in coal roadwaywith bolt support near fault[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):482-486.
[7]贾明魁.锚杆支护煤巷冒顶成因分类新方法[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(5):568-570.JIA Ming-kui.A new way of genetic classification onroof falling of bolt supporting roadway[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,2005,30(5):568-570.
[8]黄庆享.顶煤弹性深梁力学模型及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):167-172.HUANG Qing-xiang.Mechanical model for the elasticthick outrigger of roof coal and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(2):167-172.
[9]FRALDI M,GUARRACINO F.Analytical solutions forcollapse mechanisms in tunnels with arbitrary crosssections[J].International Journal of Solids andStructures,2010,47:216-223.
[10]INDRARATNA B,OLIVEIRA D A F,BROWN E T,et al.Effect of soil-infilled joints on the stability of rockwedges formed in a tunnel roof[J].International Journalof Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2010,47:739-751.
[11]ALEJANOA L R,TABOADAA J,GARCIA-BASTANTE F,et al.Multi-approach back-analysis of a roof bed collapsein a mining room excavated in stratified rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&MiningSciences,2008,45:899-913.
[12]李桂臣,张农.两起煤巷冒顶事故机理分析与控制对策[J].能源技术与管理,2006(2):4-5.LI Gui-chen,ZHANG Nong.The mechanism analysesand control countermeasure about two coal laneways rooffall accidents[J].Energy Technology and Management,2006(2):4-5.
[13]FRALDI M,GUARRACINO F.Limit analysis ofcollapse mechanisms in cavities and tunnels according tothe Hoek–Brown failure criterion[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2009,46:665-673.
[14]苏生瑞,黄润秋,王士天.断裂构造对地应力场的影响及其工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[15]薛志鹏.断层活化导致井巷破坏的数值模拟分析[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2010.
[16]KATTENHORN S A,MARSHALL S T.Fault-inducedperturbed stress fields and associated tensile andcompressive deformation at fault tips in the ice shell ofEurope:Implications for fault mechanics[J].Journal ofStructural Geology,2006,28:2204-2221.
[17]谢和平.岩石混凝土损伤力学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990,8-13.
[18]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990,391-393.
[19]康红普,王金华,林健.高预应力强力支护系统及其在深部巷道中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(12):1233-1238.KANG Hong-pu,WANG Jin-hua,LIN Jian.Highpretensioned stress and intensive bolting system and itsapplication to deep roadways[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2007,32(12):1233-1238.
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