秦岭深埋引水隧洞地应力综合测量及区域应力场分布规律研究
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摘要
首次将三维水压致裂法和常规水压法应用于秦岭近1 000 m埋深引水隧洞地应力场研究,并对2种方法所得结果进行对比分析,结果表明:2种方法所测最大水平主应力范围主要为20～31 MPa,量值基本一致;最大水平主应力方向集中为NW～NWW向,印证了三维水压致裂法地应力测试结果的可靠性。最大水平主应力方向在隧洞深埋洞身段近EW向,与该区域内古残余构造应力分布相符,进一步反映了秦岭区域应力场的复杂性。同时,结合实测结果及隧洞围岩力学参数,对深埋隧洞开挖后应力重分布范围、测试部位的应力水平等问题进行分析和评价。最后,概括了秦岭区域地应力场分布规律,并绘出地应力实测结果分布图,这对于深入了解秦岭区域构造演化规律及科学指导越岭工程的设计和施工都具有重要的理论价值和实践价值。
The there-dimensional(3D) and normal hydro-fracturing tests are firstly applied to study the geo-stress field in deep depth of near 1 000 m diversion tunnel in Qinling mountain,and the results obtained from the two methods are analyzed comparatively.The results show that the magnitude of maximum horizontal principal stress from the two methods is accordant and the value is 20–31 MPa;and the orientation is mainly in NW to NWW direction.The results verify the reliability of the geo-stress test result of 3D hydro-fracturing method.Specially,the orientation of maximum horizontal principal stress is nearly in EW direction in rockmass of deep tunnel,which is consistent with the distribution of region ancient residual tectonic stress,and further shows that the distribution of regional stress in Qinling mountain is complex.Based on the measurement results and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock around tunnel,many problems about the stress such as redistribution range of stress after excavation stress level of measured region,etc.,are all analyzed and evaluated.At last,the distribution law of geo-stress in Qinling area is generalized and the geo-stress measurement results are specially summarized in map,all of which can supply the theoretical and practical values for the detailed understanding of Qinling region evolution law and the design and construction of projects through the mountains.
The there-dimensional(3D) and normal hydro-fracturing tests are firstly applied to study the geo-stress field in deep depth of near 1 000 m diversion tunnel in Qinling mountain,and the results obtained from the two methods are analyzed comparatively.The results show that the magnitude of maximum horizontal principal stress from the two methods is accordant and the value is 20–31 MPa;and the orientation is mainly in NW to NWW direction.The results verify the reliability of the geo-stress test result of 3D hydro-fracturing method.Specially,the orientation of maximum horizontal principal stress is nearly in EW direction in rockmass of deep tunnel,which is consistent with the distribution of region ancient residual tectonic stress,and further shows that the distribution of regional stress in Qinling mountain is complex.Based on the measurement results and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock around tunnel,many problems about the stress such as redistribution range of stress after excavation stress level of measured region,etc.,are all analyzed and evaluated.At last,the distribution law of geo-stress in Qinling area is generalized and the geo-stress measurement results are specially summarized in map,all of which can supply the theoretical and practical values for the detailed understanding of Qinling region evolution law and the design and construction of projects through the mountains.
引文
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[7]谢和平.深部高应力下的资源开采与地下工程——机遇与挑战[C]//香山科学会议第175次学术讨论会——深部高应力下的资源开采与地下工程.北京:[s.n.],2001:1–9.(XIE Heping.Opportunityand challenge of resource mining and underground deep highgeostress[C]//Xiangshan Academic Conference Discussion No.175Basic Crucial Problem in Deep Underground Space Exploitation.Beijing:[s.n.],2001:1–9.(in Chinese))
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[9]王宗起,闫全人,闫臻,等.秦岭造山带主要大地构造单元的新划分[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1527–1546.(WANG Zongqi,YAN Quanren,YAN Zhen,et al.New division of the main tectonicunits of the Qinling orogenic belt,central China[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2009,83(11):1 527–1 546.(in Chinese))
[10]KIM K,FRANKLIN J A.Suggested methods for rock stressdetermination[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstract,1987,24(1):53–73.
[11]刘允芳.水压致裂法三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246–256.(LIU Yunfang.Three-dimensional in-situstress measurements by hydraulic fracturing technique[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(3):246–256.(in Chinese))
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[13]刘允芳.岩体地应力与工程建设[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2000:141–153.(LIU Yunfang.Geo-stress in rock mass and 3Dconstruction[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2000:141–153.(in Chinese))
[14]孟祥连,宋丙林,毛建安.秦岭特长隧道地应力综合测试方法及其应用[C]//铁道工程学会地质与路基专业委员会第十八届年会论文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.].1999:261–268.(MENG Xianglian,SONGBinglin,MAO Jian′an.Comprehensive test method of QinlingMountains tunnel stress and its application[C]//Railway EngineeringGeology and roadbed Professional Committee Eighteenth AnnualMeeting Proceedings.[S.l.]:[s.n.].1999:261–268.(in Chinese))
[15]徐士良,崔振东.秦岭公路隧道2号竖井地应力与岩爆分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,18(3):407–412.(XU Shilian,CUI Zhendong.Analysis of in-situ geo-stress and rockburst at No.2 ventilation shafttunnel of Qinling highway tunnel[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,18(3):407–412.(in Chinese))
[16]李立民.秦岭输水隧洞的岩爆预测[J].铁道勘察,2007,(3):90–92.(LI Limin.Prediction for rock burst in water tunnel ofQinling mountain[J].Railway Investigation and Surveying,2007,(3):90–92.(in Chinese))
[17]郭喜峰,尹健民,李永松,等.引汉济渭工程黄三隧洞地应力测试研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(增2):1629–1631.(GUO Xifeng,YIN Jianmin,LI Yongsong,et al.Study on crustalstress measurement at Huangsan tunnel of Hanjiang-Weihe Riverdiversion project[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space andEngineering.2010,6(Supp.2):1 629–1 631.(in Chinese))
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50218—94工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995:16.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB 50218—94Standard for engineering classification of rockmasses[S].Beiiing:China Planning Press,1995:16.(in Chinese))
[19]安其美,郭启良,赵仕广,等.地下洞室围岩应力的测量研究[J].岩土力学,1996,17(1):48–53.(AN Qimei,GUO Qiliang,ZHAOShiguang,et al.The research and measurements of the stress insurrounding rock of underground tunnel[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,1996,17(1):48–53.(in Chinese))
[20]徐文龙.陕西北秦岭中段构造应力场的初步研究[J].地震地质,1991,13(2):161–172.(XU Wenlong.A study on tectonic stress fieldon the middle section of northern Qinling mountain in ShaanxiProvince[J].Seismology and Geology,1991,13(2):161–172.(inChinese))
[21]韩金良,吴树仁,谭成轩,等.东秦岭东江口花岗岩体水压致裂法与AE法地应力测量对比研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):81–86.(HAN Jinliang,WU Shuren,TAN Chengxuan,et al.Studies on geo-stress by comparing result of AE method with that ofhydraulic fracturing technique in Dongjiangkou granite in east ofQinling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):81–86.(in Chinese))
[22]陈南森,宋丙林.工程地质工作中几个问题的讨论[J].水文地质工程地质,2001,28(4):76–78.(CHEN Nansen,SONG Binglin.Discussed some problems in engineering geology[J].Hydrogeologyand Engineering Geology,2001,28(4):76–78.(in Chinese))
[23]宋丙林.秦岭隧道钻孔实测应力分析与探讨[J].铁道工程学报,1996,52(4):49–54.(SONG Binglin.Practical stress measuringresults in boreholes at Qinling tunnel and discussions[J].Journal ofRailway Engineering Society,1996,52(4):49–54.(in Chinese))
[24]舒磊,王磊,彭金伟.秦岭铁路隧道岩爆预报的模糊综合评判研究[J].四川联合大学学报:工程科学版,1998,4(2):49–54.(SHU Lei,WANG Lei,PENG Jinwei.A study of fuzzysynthetic judgement method of burst prediction for Qinling railwaytunnel[J].Journal of Sichuan Union University:Engineering Science,1998,4(2):49–54.(in Chinese))
[25]魏国安.宁西线秦岭段地应力对隧道施工影响的探讨[J].铁道工程学报,1997,54(2):75–81.(WEI Guoan.Exploration on effect ofground stress upon tunnel construction at Qinling section of Xi′an—Nanjing railway line[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,1997,54(2):75–81.(in Chinese))
[26]谭成轩,孙炜锋,张春山,等.深切峡谷地区地壳浅表层地应力状态变化分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1353–1359.(TAN Chengxuan,SUN Weifeng,ZHANG Chunshan,et al.Analysis of variation of crustal stress states at the shallow part ofupper crust in deep-cut valley region[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(4):1 353–1 359.(in Chinese))
[27]孟祥连,宋丙林,毛建安.西康线秦岭特长隧道地应力测试方法及其应用:铁路工程地质实例[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:477–484.(MENG Xianglian,SONG Binglin,MAO Jian′an.Methodsof geo-stress and its application to the Qinling extra-long tunneldistrict along the Xi′an—Ankang railway:cases of railwayengineering geology[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2002:477–484.(in Chinese))
[2]关宝树.21世纪的地下空间利用[J].铁道工程学报,1998,(增):553–557.(GUAN Baoshu.Utilization of underground space in21th century[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,1998,(Supp.):553–557.(in Chinese))
[3]周宏伟,谢和平,左建平.深部高地应力下岩石力学行为研究进展[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):91–99.(ZHOU Hongwei,XIE Heping,ZUO Jianping.Developments in researches on mechanical behaviorsof rocks under the condition of high ground pressure in the depths[J].Advances in Mechanics,2005,35(1):91–99.(in Chinese))
[4]黄润秋,王贤能,唐胜传,等.深埋长隧道工程开挖的灾害问题研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1997,8(1):50–68.(HUANGRunqiu,WANG Xianneng,TANG Shengchuan,el al.Research onthe main geological hazards of deep-lying long tunnel[J].Journal ofGeological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1997,8(1):50–68.(in Chinese))
[5]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:1–3.(CAI Meifeng.Principle and techniques of geo-stressmeasurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:1–3.(in Chinese))
[6]王思敬.中国岩石力学与工程的世纪成就与历史使命[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(6):867–871.(WANG Sijing.Centuryachievements and new historical mission of rock mechanics andengineering in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2003,22(6):867–871.(in Chinese))
[7]谢和平.深部高应力下的资源开采与地下工程——机遇与挑战[C]//香山科学会议第175次学术讨论会——深部高应力下的资源开采与地下工程.北京:[s.n.],2001:1–9.(XIE Heping.Opportunityand challenge of resource mining and underground deep highgeostress[C]//Xiangshan Academic Conference Discussion No.175Basic Crucial Problem in Deep Underground Space Exploitation.Beijing:[s.n.],2001:1–9.(in Chinese))
[8]张镜剑,傅冰骏.岩爆及其判据和防治[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):2 034–2 042.(ZHANG Jingjian,FU Bingjun.Rockburst and its criteria and control[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):2 034–2 042.(inChinese))
[9]王宗起,闫全人,闫臻,等.秦岭造山带主要大地构造单元的新划分[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1527–1546.(WANG Zongqi,YAN Quanren,YAN Zhen,et al.New division of the main tectonicunits of the Qinling orogenic belt,central China[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2009,83(11):1 527–1 546.(in Chinese))
[10]KIM K,FRANKLIN J A.Suggested methods for rock stressdetermination[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstract,1987,24(1):53–73.
[11]刘允芳.水压致裂法三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246–256.(LIU Yunfang.Three-dimensional in-situstress measurements by hydraulic fracturing technique[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(3):246–256.(in Chinese))
[12]刘允芳,钟作武,汪洁.水压致裂法三维地应力测量成果计算与分析的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):833–838.(LIU Yunfang,ZHONG Zuowu,WANG Jie.Interpretationof 3-dimensional geo-stress results measured by hydraulic fracturingtechnique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):833–838.(in Chinese))
[13]刘允芳.岩体地应力与工程建设[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2000:141–153.(LIU Yunfang.Geo-stress in rock mass and 3Dconstruction[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2000:141–153.(in Chinese))
[14]孟祥连,宋丙林,毛建安.秦岭特长隧道地应力综合测试方法及其应用[C]//铁道工程学会地质与路基专业委员会第十八届年会论文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.].1999:261–268.(MENG Xianglian,SONGBinglin,MAO Jian′an.Comprehensive test method of QinlingMountains tunnel stress and its application[C]//Railway EngineeringGeology and roadbed Professional Committee Eighteenth AnnualMeeting Proceedings.[S.l.]:[s.n.].1999:261–268.(in Chinese))
[15]徐士良,崔振东.秦岭公路隧道2号竖井地应力与岩爆分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,18(3):407–412.(XU Shilian,CUI Zhendong.Analysis of in-situ geo-stress and rockburst at No.2 ventilation shafttunnel of Qinling highway tunnel[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,18(3):407–412.(in Chinese))
[16]李立民.秦岭输水隧洞的岩爆预测[J].铁道勘察,2007,(3):90–92.(LI Limin.Prediction for rock burst in water tunnel ofQinling mountain[J].Railway Investigation and Surveying,2007,(3):90–92.(in Chinese))
[17]郭喜峰,尹健民,李永松,等.引汉济渭工程黄三隧洞地应力测试研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(增2):1629–1631.(GUO Xifeng,YIN Jianmin,LI Yongsong,et al.Study on crustalstress measurement at Huangsan tunnel of Hanjiang-Weihe Riverdiversion project[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space andEngineering.2010,6(Supp.2):1 629–1 631.(in Chinese))
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50218—94工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995:16.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB 50218—94Standard for engineering classification of rockmasses[S].Beiiing:China Planning Press,1995:16.(in Chinese))
[19]安其美,郭启良,赵仕广,等.地下洞室围岩应力的测量研究[J].岩土力学,1996,17(1):48–53.(AN Qimei,GUO Qiliang,ZHAOShiguang,et al.The research and measurements of the stress insurrounding rock of underground tunnel[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,1996,17(1):48–53.(in Chinese))
[20]徐文龙.陕西北秦岭中段构造应力场的初步研究[J].地震地质,1991,13(2):161–172.(XU Wenlong.A study on tectonic stress fieldon the middle section of northern Qinling mountain in ShaanxiProvince[J].Seismology and Geology,1991,13(2):161–172.(inChinese))
[21]韩金良,吴树仁,谭成轩,等.东秦岭东江口花岗岩体水压致裂法与AE法地应力测量对比研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):81–86.(HAN Jinliang,WU Shuren,TAN Chengxuan,et al.Studies on geo-stress by comparing result of AE method with that ofhydraulic fracturing technique in Dongjiangkou granite in east ofQinling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):81–86.(in Chinese))
[22]陈南森,宋丙林.工程地质工作中几个问题的讨论[J].水文地质工程地质,2001,28(4):76–78.(CHEN Nansen,SONG Binglin.Discussed some problems in engineering geology[J].Hydrogeologyand Engineering Geology,2001,28(4):76–78.(in Chinese))
[23]宋丙林.秦岭隧道钻孔实测应力分析与探讨[J].铁道工程学报,1996,52(4):49–54.(SONG Binglin.Practical stress measuringresults in boreholes at Qinling tunnel and discussions[J].Journal ofRailway Engineering Society,1996,52(4):49–54.(in Chinese))
[24]舒磊,王磊,彭金伟.秦岭铁路隧道岩爆预报的模糊综合评判研究[J].四川联合大学学报:工程科学版,1998,4(2):49–54.(SHU Lei,WANG Lei,PENG Jinwei.A study of fuzzysynthetic judgement method of burst prediction for Qinling railwaytunnel[J].Journal of Sichuan Union University:Engineering Science,1998,4(2):49–54.(in Chinese))
[25]魏国安.宁西线秦岭段地应力对隧道施工影响的探讨[J].铁道工程学报,1997,54(2):75–81.(WEI Guoan.Exploration on effect ofground stress upon tunnel construction at Qinling section of Xi′an—Nanjing railway line[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,1997,54(2):75–81.(in Chinese))
[26]谭成轩,孙炜锋,张春山,等.深切峡谷地区地壳浅表层地应力状态变化分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1353–1359.(TAN Chengxuan,SUN Weifeng,ZHANG Chunshan,et al.Analysis of variation of crustal stress states at the shallow part ofupper crust in deep-cut valley region[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(4):1 353–1 359.(in Chinese))
[27]孟祥连,宋丙林,毛建安.西康线秦岭特长隧道地应力测试方法及其应用:铁路工程地质实例[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:477–484.(MENG Xianglian,SONG Binglin,MAO Jian′an.Methodsof geo-stress and its application to the Qinling extra-long tunneldistrict along the Xi′an—Ankang railway:cases of railwayengineering geology[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2002:477–484.(in Chinese))
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