地震预警系统中的算法研究
|
摘要
通过对地震预警系统中基本算法的研究,在现有方法的基础上提出了一套地震参数快速估算的算法,以应用于地震预警系统中。该算法根据某些噪音的特殊性质,通过引入两个参数:触发时窗与取消阈值,对常用的P波初到判断方法STA/LTA(长时窗平均/短时窗平均)算法进行改进,以消除P波到达前的异常跳动点与脉冲噪音的影响,对P波到达进行识别。在识别到P波到达后,该算法实时的从P波初到后3s时窗内的竖向数据中提取出12类特征性质不同的计算参数作为估算震级,震中距等地震参数的依据,提高了震级、震中距的估算精度,减少了在大震下估算的离散性,取得了较好的结果。该算法可在地震P波到达后的几秒钟内,估算出地震相关参数,在S波到达前发出预警,并为采取相应的措施以及震后求援行动提供判断依据,达到防灾减灾的目的。
Earthquake early warning system is an effective method for earthquake prevention and reduction.This paper mainly researches the basic algorithms applied in the existing earthquake early warning systems,and presents the algorithm to estimate the earthquake parameters.This algorithm makes a modification to the STA/LTA algorithm,proposed by Allen,to pick the onset of the P-wave while removes the effect of the spike and small-pulses noise.After the detection of the onset of the P-wave,it calculates 12 kinds of the parameter from the first three seconds of the P-wave of the previous strong motion records,in order to estimate earthquake epicentral distance and magnitude.The proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of the estimation,as well as reduces the scattering in the large magnitude range.This algorithm can obtain the earthquake parameters shortly after the onset of the P-wave,and provide early warning alarm before the imminent destructive S-wave.Therefore,the results of this algorithm could guide the preventive actions and the rescue work after the shock.
Earthquake early warning system is an effective method for earthquake prevention and reduction.This paper mainly researches the basic algorithms applied in the existing earthquake early warning systems,and presents the algorithm to estimate the earthquake parameters.This algorithm makes a modification to the STA/LTA algorithm,proposed by Allen,to pick the onset of the P-wave while removes the effect of the spike and small-pulses noise.After the detection of the onset of the P-wave,it calculates 12 kinds of the parameter from the first three seconds of the P-wave of the previous strong motion records,in order to estimate earthquake epicentral distance and magnitude.The proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of the estimation,as well as reduces the scattering in the large magnitude range.This algorithm can obtain the earthquake parameters shortly after the onset of the P-wave,and provide early warning alarm before the imminent destructive S-wave.Therefore,the results of this algorithm could guide the preventive actions and the rescue work after the shock.
引文
[1]Lee WHK,Shin TC,Teng TL.Design and implementation of earthquake early warning systems in Taiwan[C]//Proc.11th World Conf.Earthq.Eng.,Paper No.2133,1996.
[2]Allen R M,Paolo Gasparini,Osamu Kamigaichi,and Maren Bose.The Status of Earthquake Early Warning around the World:An Introductory Overview[J].Seismological Research Letters,2009,80(5):682-693.
[3]Allen R V.Automatic earthquake recognition and timing from sin-gle traces[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1978,68(5),1521-1532.
[4]Kanamori H.Real-time seismology and earthquake damage miti-gation[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences33,2005:195-214.
[5]Kramer S L.Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering[M].Pren-tice-Hall,Inc.Upper Saddle River,NJ,1996.
[6]McGuire R K.Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Relations[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1978,104(GT4):481-490.
[7]Newmark N M.A Study of Vertical and Horizontal Earthquake Spectra[C]//Consulting Engineering Services,Directorate of Li-censing,U.S.Atomic Energy Commission,Washington,D.C,1973.
[8]Seed H B,Ugas C,Lysmer J.Site-dependent Spectra for Earthquake-resistant Design[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1976,66:221-243.
[9]Odaka T,Ashiya K,Tsukada S,et al.A New Method of Quickly Estimating Epicentral Distance and Magnitude from a Sin-gle Seismic Record[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93(1):526-53
[10]胡广书.数字信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[11]王济,胡晓.Matlab在振动信号处理中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[12]大崎顺彦.地震动的谱分析入门(二版)[M].田琪译.北京:地震出版社,2008.
[13]马强.地震预警技术研究及应用[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2008.
[14]宋晋东.地震预警中地震波到时自动识别和震级快速估算研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2007.
[15]董鹏聪.地震预警中地震参数的快速确定研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2006.
[16]武东坡.震相识别的实时方法研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004.
[17]李舜酩,李香莲.振动信号的现代分析技术与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[2]Allen R M,Paolo Gasparini,Osamu Kamigaichi,and Maren Bose.The Status of Earthquake Early Warning around the World:An Introductory Overview[J].Seismological Research Letters,2009,80(5):682-693.
[3]Allen R V.Automatic earthquake recognition and timing from sin-gle traces[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1978,68(5),1521-1532.
[4]Kanamori H.Real-time seismology and earthquake damage miti-gation[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences33,2005:195-214.
[5]Kramer S L.Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering[M].Pren-tice-Hall,Inc.Upper Saddle River,NJ,1996.
[6]McGuire R K.Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Relations[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1978,104(GT4):481-490.
[7]Newmark N M.A Study of Vertical and Horizontal Earthquake Spectra[C]//Consulting Engineering Services,Directorate of Li-censing,U.S.Atomic Energy Commission,Washington,D.C,1973.
[8]Seed H B,Ugas C,Lysmer J.Site-dependent Spectra for Earthquake-resistant Design[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1976,66:221-243.
[9]Odaka T,Ashiya K,Tsukada S,et al.A New Method of Quickly Estimating Epicentral Distance and Magnitude from a Sin-gle Seismic Record[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93(1):526-53
[10]胡广书.数字信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[11]王济,胡晓.Matlab在振动信号处理中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[12]大崎顺彦.地震动的谱分析入门(二版)[M].田琪译.北京:地震出版社,2008.
[13]马强.地震预警技术研究及应用[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2008.
[14]宋晋东.地震预警中地震波到时自动识别和震级快速估算研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2007.
[15]董鹏聪.地震预警中地震参数的快速确定研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2006.
[16]武东坡.震相识别的实时方法研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004.
[17]李舜酩,李香莲.振动信号的现代分析技术与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心