城市燃气管网的震害分析及减灾对策
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摘要
通过分析地震对城市燃气管网的破坏作用及其引发的次生灾害,给出了燃气管网的震害特征和主要影响因素,包括地震动强度、场地条件、管道特性等。有针对性地提出了相应的抗震减灾对策,包括加强燃气工程设施的抗震设计,对燃气管网实施腐蚀监测和剔旧更新,设置燃气紧急自动切断系统与分区域供气,开展受损管网故障排查与恢复供气,建立地震实时监测和震害快速分析系统,制定能反映震后真实情景模式的应急反应预案,建立城市燃气管网震害风险评价和模拟仿真系统等。
Based on the analysis of seismic damage effect and induced secondary disasters on urban gas piping systems,the seismic damage characteristics and influencing factors were discussed,such as seismic intensity,geologic conditions and piping system characteristics.Moreover a series of earthquake disaster mitigation approaches were proposed for urban gas piping system,including:(a)aseismatic design of urban gas facilities;(b)erosion monitoring and replacement of old pipelines;(c)automatic gas shut-off system and district gas supply;(d) gas supply recovery after fault finding and treatment of damage pipelines;(e)establishment of real-time seismic data acquisition and rapid pipeline damage estimation system;(f)establishment of emergency response management system;(g)establishment of urban gas network seismic disaster risk assessment and simulation system.
Based on the analysis of seismic damage effect and induced secondary disasters on urban gas piping systems,the seismic damage characteristics and influencing factors were discussed,such as seismic intensity,geologic conditions and piping system characteristics.Moreover a series of earthquake disaster mitigation approaches were proposed for urban gas piping system,including:(a)aseismatic design of urban gas facilities;(b)erosion monitoring and replacement of old pipelines;(c)automatic gas shut-off system and district gas supply;(d) gas supply recovery after fault finding and treatment of damage pipelines;(e)establishment of real-time seismic data acquisition and rapid pipeline damage estimation system;(f)establishment of emergency response management system;(g)establishment of urban gas network seismic disaster risk assessment and simulation system.
引文
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[12]YAMAZAKI F,MARUYAMA Y,YAMAUCHI A,et al.Seismic shutoff characteristics of intelligent gasmeters for individual customers in Japan[C]//Proceedings of the Tenth East Asia-Pacific Conferenceon Structural Engineering and Construction,August 3-5,2006,Bangkok,Thailand,EASEC,c2006:261-266.
[13]TAKKAO A,BRUCE R E.Serviceability ofearthquake-damaged water systems:Effects of electricalpower availability and power backup systems on systemvulnerability[J].Reliability Engineering and SystemSafety,2008,93(1):78-81.
[14]金江军,潘懋,徐岳仁.城市地震灾害风险评价方法研究[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(2):109-113.JIN JIANG-JUN,PAN MAO,XU YUE-REN.Research on method of urban earthquake disaster riskassessment[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(2):109-113.
[15]FRENCH S P,MUTHUKUMAR S.Advancedtechnologies for earthquake risk inventories[J].Journalof Earthquake Engineering.2006,10(2):207-236.
[16]ANTONIONIA G,SPADONIA G,COZZANI V.Amethodology for the quantitative risk assessment ofmajor accidents triggered by seismic events[J].Journalof Hazardous Materials,2007,147(1):48-59.
[2]刘爱文.管道抗震设计规范有关地震作用的综述[J].国际地震动态,2007,37(9):29-35.LIU AI-WEN.Discussion on the seismic inputproposed by the different countries seismic codes ofpipeline[J].Recent Developments in WorldSeismology,2007,37(9):29-35.
[3]SHIMIZU Y,YAMAZAKI F,YASUDA S,et al.Development of real-time safety control system forurban gas supply network[J].Journal of Geotechnicaland Geoenvironmental Engineering,2006,5(2):237-249.
[4]WALTER W C,SHIH B J,CHEN Y C,et al.Seismicresponse of natural gas and water pipelines in the Ji-Jiearthquake[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2002,22(3):1209-1214.
[5]MICHAEL K L,RONALD W P.Identifying andmanaging conjoint threats:Earthquake-inducedhazardous materials release in the US[J].Journal ofHazardous Materials,1996,50(1):31-46.
[6]DHARMA W,DOUGLAS H,ALLEN M,et al.Seismic vulnerability assessment and retrofit of a majornatural gas pipeline system:A case history[J].Earthquake Spectra,2005,21(2):539-567.
[7]郭恩栋,刘如山,孙柏涛.地下管线工程地震破坏等级划分标准[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(4):86-90.GUO EN-DONG,LIU RU-SHAN,SUN BAI-TAO.Gradation criterion of earthquake damage to buriedpipeline engineering[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2007,16(4):86-90.
[8]金康锡,任爱珠.煤气管道的震害率分析[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(3):148-153.KIM K S,REN AI-ZHU.Analysis of earthquakedamage ratio of buried gas pipe[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,2007,16(3):148-153.
[9]姚保华,谢礼立,火恩杰.研究地震情况下生命线系统相互作用的综合方法[J].地震学报,2004,26(2):193-201.YAO BAO-HUA,XIE LI-LI,HUO EN-JIE.Acomprehensive study method for lifeline systeminteraction under seismic conditions[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2004,26(2):193-201.
[10]NAKANE H,NAKAYAMA W,NABANA K.Seismic risk analysis for city gas network in southernKanto area[C]//Proceedings of the 8th U.S.NationalConference on Earthquake Engineering,April 18-22,2006,San Francisco,California,USA:PaperNo.1228.
[11]何焱,钱浩.汶川大地震后天然气调度应急思考[J].天然气工业,2008,28(7):126-128.HE YAN,QIAN HAO.Some ideas on how to takeeffective measures in natural gas distributionmanagement after the serious earthquake occurred inWenchuan[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(7):126-128.
[12]YAMAZAKI F,MARUYAMA Y,YAMAUCHI A,et al.Seismic shutoff characteristics of intelligent gasmeters for individual customers in Japan[C]//Proceedings of the Tenth East Asia-Pacific Conferenceon Structural Engineering and Construction,August 3-5,2006,Bangkok,Thailand,EASEC,c2006:261-266.
[13]TAKKAO A,BRUCE R E.Serviceability ofearthquake-damaged water systems:Effects of electricalpower availability and power backup systems on systemvulnerability[J].Reliability Engineering and SystemSafety,2008,93(1):78-81.
[14]金江军,潘懋,徐岳仁.城市地震灾害风险评价方法研究[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(2):109-113.JIN JIANG-JUN,PAN MAO,XU YUE-REN.Research on method of urban earthquake disaster riskassessment[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(2):109-113.
[15]FRENCH S P,MUTHUKUMAR S.Advancedtechnologies for earthquake risk inventories[J].Journalof Earthquake Engineering.2006,10(2):207-236.
[16]ANTONIONIA G,SPADONIA G,COZZANI V.Amethodology for the quantitative risk assessment ofmajor accidents triggered by seismic events[J].Journalof Hazardous Materials,2007,147(1):48-59.
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