5.12汶川地震崩塌滑坡分布特征及影响因子评价——以都江堰至汶川公路沿线为例
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摘要
以都江堰至汶川公路沿线为研究对象,利用遥感影像解译和野外调查数据,探讨了都汶公路沿线地震崩塌滑坡分布规律,并利用主成分分析,确定了影响地震崩塌滑坡的关键影响因子。结果表明:①地震崩塌滑坡主要分布在坡度为30~65°的坡体上,其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的82.79%;坡向为东、东南和南坡3个坡向,其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的51.32%;其分布的坡面粗糙度多为Ⅰ~Ⅳ级,其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的84.45%;集中在距主断层距离5~20 km范围内,其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的56.15%;土地利用类型主要为有林地、灌木林地和疏林地,尤其是灌木林地,三者的崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的89.93%;地层岩性主要为第1、2、3和20类地层岩性组合,其崩塌滑坡面积占总面积的41.34%。②根据主成分分析,坡度和坡面粗糙度对地震崩塌滑坡的贡献最大,是影响地震崩塌滑坡的关键因子,其次是距主断层距离和土地利用,坡向和地层岩性对地震崩塌滑坡的贡献程度较小。
With Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway as a study object and utilizing image interpretation and field investigation data,the paper discusses the distribution of collapses and landslides caused by earthquake along the road and impact factor of the collapses and landslides caused by earthquake by principal component analysis.The results show that: ① the distribution of collapses and landslides caused by earthquake is characterized by the following aspects.82.79% of the total slope in the area of collapses and landslides is between 30°and 65°.The area of collapses and landslides is 51.32% of the total area in east,southeast and south.While the roughness of the surface of 84.45% of the total area is between Ⅰand Ⅳ.The fault distance to the area of collapses and landslides is 5 km to 20 km in 56.15% of the total area.89.93% of the total area is made up of forest,woodland and shrub land.Lithologically,41.34% of the total area is of 1,2,3 and 20 formation lithology.② According to the principal component analysis,the slope and roughness of the surface are more propitious to earthquake collapses and landslides,so both are most responsible for the earthquake collapses and landslides,the next,being distance to fault and landuse.Whearas the aspect and lithology are less propitious to earthquake collapses and landslides.
With Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway as a study object and utilizing image interpretation and field investigation data,the paper discusses the distribution of collapses and landslides caused by earthquake along the road and impact factor of the collapses and landslides caused by earthquake by principal component analysis.The results show that: ① the distribution of collapses and landslides caused by earthquake is characterized by the following aspects.82.79% of the total slope in the area of collapses and landslides is between 30°and 65°.The area of collapses and landslides is 51.32% of the total area in east,southeast and south.While the roughness of the surface of 84.45% of the total area is between Ⅰand Ⅳ.The fault distance to the area of collapses and landslides is 5 km to 20 km in 56.15% of the total area.89.93% of the total area is made up of forest,woodland and shrub land.Lithologically,41.34% of the total area is of 1,2,3 and 20 formation lithology.② According to the principal component analysis,the slope and roughness of the surface are more propitious to earthquake collapses and landslides,so both are most responsible for the earthquake collapses and landslides,the next,being distance to fault and landuse.Whearas the aspect and lithology are less propitious to earthquake collapses and landslides.
引文
[1]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282.
[2]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,等.5.12汶川地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):244-249.
[3]杨涛,邓荣贵,刘小丽.四川地区地震崩塌滑坡的基本特征及危险性分区[J].山地学报,2002,20(4):456-460.
[4]Evans N C.Natural terrain landslide study:Preliminary as-sessment of the influence of rainfall on natural terrain land-slide initiation[R].Hong Kong:Geotechnical Engineering Of-fice,1997:28-29.
[5]Mark R K,Ellen S D.Statistical and simulation models formapping debris flow hazard[M]∥Carrara A,Guzetti F.Geo-graphical information system in assessing natural hazard.Amsterdam:Academic Publishers,1995:93-106.
[6]Brabb E.Innovation approach to landslide hazard and risk map-ping[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fourth InternationalSymposium on Landslide.Toronto:Hazards Center Publica-tion,1984:307-323.
[7]兰恒星,伍法权,周成虎,等.基于GIS的云南小江流域滑坡因子敏感性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10):1 500-1 506.
[8]陈晓利,冉洪流,祁生文.1976年龙陵地震诱发滑坡的影响因子敏感性分析[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2008,(2):50-55.
[9]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨[J].地质评论,2008,54(1):37-46.
[10]Núria S B,Baeza B,Jordi C,et al.A GIS-based multivariatestatistical analysis for shallow landslide susceptibility mappingin La Pobla de Lillet area(Eastern Pyrenees,Spain)[J].Natu-ral Hazards,2003,30:281-295.
[11]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2 792-2 797.
[12]陈晓清,崔鹏,韦方强.良好植被区泥石流防治初探[J].山地学报,2006,24(3):333-339.
[13]张尧庭,方开泰.多元统计分析引论[M].北京:科学出版社,1982:351-376.
[2]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,等.5.12汶川地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):244-249.
[3]杨涛,邓荣贵,刘小丽.四川地区地震崩塌滑坡的基本特征及危险性分区[J].山地学报,2002,20(4):456-460.
[4]Evans N C.Natural terrain landslide study:Preliminary as-sessment of the influence of rainfall on natural terrain land-slide initiation[R].Hong Kong:Geotechnical Engineering Of-fice,1997:28-29.
[5]Mark R K,Ellen S D.Statistical and simulation models formapping debris flow hazard[M]∥Carrara A,Guzetti F.Geo-graphical information system in assessing natural hazard.Amsterdam:Academic Publishers,1995:93-106.
[6]Brabb E.Innovation approach to landslide hazard and risk map-ping[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fourth InternationalSymposium on Landslide.Toronto:Hazards Center Publica-tion,1984:307-323.
[7]兰恒星,伍法权,周成虎,等.基于GIS的云南小江流域滑坡因子敏感性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10):1 500-1 506.
[8]陈晓利,冉洪流,祁生文.1976年龙陵地震诱发滑坡的影响因子敏感性分析[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2008,(2):50-55.
[9]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨[J].地质评论,2008,54(1):37-46.
[10]Núria S B,Baeza B,Jordi C,et al.A GIS-based multivariatestatistical analysis for shallow landslide susceptibility mappingin La Pobla de Lillet area(Eastern Pyrenees,Spain)[J].Natu-ral Hazards,2003,30:281-295.
[11]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2 792-2 797.
[12]陈晓清,崔鹏,韦方强.良好植被区泥石流防治初探[J].山地学报,2006,24(3):333-339.
[13]张尧庭,方开泰.多元统计分析引论[M].北京:科学出版社,1982:351-376.
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