地铁振动的地表低频响应预测研究
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摘要
地铁振动引起的环境问题备受人们的关注,特别是近年来,低频(<20Hz)振动对高精密仪器和设备、古建筑物等的影响已成为焦点。如何采取合理的减振措施将低频振动的影响降到最低是亟需解决的问题。在北京交通大学轨道减振与振动控制试验室,开展钢弹簧浮置板轨道和普通轨道低频振动试验;基于地表低频响应测试数据,结合"钢弹簧浮置板轨道-隧道-地层"和"普通轨道-隧道-地层"耦合的三维有限元数值模拟结果,采用回归分析的方法,研究地表低频响应受激振频率(1～20Hz)、距轨道水平距离(0～100m)和轨道埋深(10～30m)等因素的影响,推导出地表低频响应量分析公式。将公式预测的地表低频响应量的最大值分成II、II、II和IV四级响应带,进一步讨论响应带分布与轨道埋深、距轨道水平距离和轨道基频等关键因素的关系,从而为减少地铁振动的地表低频响应措施提供参考。
Environmental vibrations induced by metro have been paid more and more attention in recent years,especially,the low-frequency(less than 20Hz) vibrations that might affect the operation of sensitive equipment and high-tech machinery and the safety of heritage buildings.How to adopt reasonable vibration countermeasures to minimize the impact of low-frequency vibrations is an urgent issue.Low-frequency vibration tests on the Steel Spring Floating Slab Track(SSFST) and the Ordinary Track(OT) in the Laboratory of Track Vibration Abatement and Control at Beijing Jiaotong University are carried out.Based on low-frequency measurement data on the ground,the coupled SSFST-tunnel-soil and OT-tunnel-soil systems are modeled,respectively,by using the three-dimensional finite element method to obtain the low-frequency ground response.Using regression analysis,the influences of the excitation frequency(1~20Hz),the distance(0~100m) from the track and the buried depth(10~30m) of the track on the low-frequency ground response are analyzed.An analysis formula for low-frequency ground response is derived.Maximum values of vibration acceleration level calculated from the analysis formula are divided into four-level response zones.The relationship between the distribution of response zones and critical parameters,including the buried depth of the track,the distance from the track and the basic frequency of the track,is elaborated.The study can be used as a reference to mitigate the low-frequency ground response due to metro induced vibrations.
Environmental vibrations induced by metro have been paid more and more attention in recent years,especially,the low-frequency(less than 20Hz) vibrations that might affect the operation of sensitive equipment and high-tech machinery and the safety of heritage buildings.How to adopt reasonable vibration countermeasures to minimize the impact of low-frequency vibrations is an urgent issue.Low-frequency vibration tests on the Steel Spring Floating Slab Track(SSFST) and the Ordinary Track(OT) in the Laboratory of Track Vibration Abatement and Control at Beijing Jiaotong University are carried out.Based on low-frequency measurement data on the ground,the coupled SSFST-tunnel-soil and OT-tunnel-soil systems are modeled,respectively,by using the three-dimensional finite element method to obtain the low-frequency ground response.Using regression analysis,the influences of the excitation frequency(1~20Hz),the distance(0~100m) from the track and the buried depth(10~30m) of the track on the low-frequency ground response are analyzed.An analysis formula for low-frequency ground response is derived.Maximum values of vibration acceleration level calculated from the analysis formula are divided into four-level response zones.The relationship between the distribution of response zones and critical parameters,including the buried depth of the track,the distance from the track and the basic frequency of the track,is elaborated.The study can be used as a reference to mitigate the low-frequency ground response due to metro induced vibrations.
引文
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[14]丁德云.地铁列车振动环境响应低频特征的分析与研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010(Ding Deyun.Studyon low frequency characteristics of environmental vibrationsdue to metro trains[D].Beijing:Beijing JiaotongUniversity,2010(in Chinese))
[15]廖振鹏.工程波动理论导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[16]廖振鹏,刘晶波.离散网格中的弹性波动(I)[J].地震工程与工程振动,19866,(2):1-15(Liao Zhenpeng,LiuJingbo.Elastic wave motion in discrete grids[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1986,6(2):1-15(in Chinese))
[17]Liu Jingbo,Li Bin.A unified viscous-spring artificialboundary for 3-D static and dynamic applications[J].Science in China,Series E:Technological Sciences,2005,48(5):570-584
[18]丁德云,刘维宁,张宝才,等.特殊浮置板轨道隔振效果的三维数值研究[J].铁道学报,2009,31(6):58-62(Ding Deyun,Liu Weining,Zhang Baocai,et al.3-Dnumerical study on vibration isolation performance ofspecial floating slab track in lab[J].Journal of the ChinaRailway Society,2009,31(6):58-62(in Chinese))
[19]孙家麒,郭建国,金志春.城市轨道交通振动和噪声控制简明手册[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002
[20]王黎明,陈颖,杨楠.应用回归分析[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2008
[21]Madshus C,Bessason B,Harvik L.Prediction model forlow frequency vibration from high speed railways on softground[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,193(1):195-203
[2]Wolf S.Potential low frequency ground vibration(<6.3Hz)impacts from underground LRT operations[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,267(3):651-661
[3]刘维宁,丁德云,孙晓静,等.北京地铁4号线北大段特殊减振措施研究[R].北京:北京交通大学,2005
[4]Sun X J,Liu W N,Zhai H,et al.Study on vibrationeffects upon precise instruments due to metro train andmitigation measures[C]//Proceedings of the 2ndInternational Symposium on Environmental Vibrations:Prediction,Monitoring,Mitigation and Evaluation.Okayama,Japan,2005:439-444
[5]孙晓静.地铁列车振动对环境影响的预测研究及减振措施分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008(SunXiaojing.Prediction of environment vibrations induced bymetro trains and mitigation measures analysis[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2008(in Chinese))
[6]丁德云,刘维宁,翟辉.地铁列车振动引发的地表低频(<10Hz)响应的研究[C]//可持续发展的中国交通——2005全国博士生学术论坛(交通运输工程学科)论文集(下册).北京:中国铁道出版社,2005:1106-1113
[7]丁德云,刘维宁,张宝才,等.浮置板轨道的模态分析[J].铁道学报,2008,30(3):61-64(Ding Deyun,LiuWeining,Zhang Baocai,et al.Model analysis on thefloating slab track[J].Journal of the China RailwaySociety,2008,30(3):61-64(in Chinese))
[8]翟辉,刘维宁.地铁列车引起的低频地表响应及减振措施研究[J].都市快轨交通,2005,18(4):101-105(ZhaiHui,Liu Weining.A study on the low frequency groundresponse induced by metro train and corresponding vibrationreduction measures[J].Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2005,18(4):101-105(in Chinese))
[9]栗润德,张鸿儒,刘维宁.地铁引起的地面振动及其对精密仪器的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):206-214(Li Runde,Zhang Hongru,Liu Weining.Metro-induced ground vibrations and their impacts onprecision instrument[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):206-214(inChinese))
[10]Li K F,Liu W N,Ding D Y,et al.Numerical analysis oflow-frequency ground vibrations induced by metrooperations[C]//Environmental Vibrations:Prediction,Monitoring,Mitigation and Evaluation.Beijing,2009:382-387
[11]Ma M,Liu W N,Ding D Y,et al.Vibration impacts onadjacent heritage buildings induced by metro trains[C]//Environmental Vibrations:Prediction,Monitoring,Mitigationand Evaluation.Beijing,2009:394-399
[12]贾颖绚,郭猛,刘维宁,等.列车振动荷载对古建筑的动力影响[J].北京交通大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(1):118-122(Jia Yingxuan,Guo Meng,Liu Weining,etal.Dynamic effect of train-induced vibration on historicbuildings[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition,2009,33(1):118-122(inChinese))
[13]丁德云,刘维宁,孙晓静,等.北京地铁4号线北大段特殊减振措施研究——浮置板轨道、梯形轨道实验室振动试验报告[R].北京:北京交通大学,2007
[14]丁德云.地铁列车振动环境响应低频特征的分析与研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010(Ding Deyun.Studyon low frequency characteristics of environmental vibrationsdue to metro trains[D].Beijing:Beijing JiaotongUniversity,2010(in Chinese))
[15]廖振鹏.工程波动理论导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[16]廖振鹏,刘晶波.离散网格中的弹性波动(I)[J].地震工程与工程振动,19866,(2):1-15(Liao Zhenpeng,LiuJingbo.Elastic wave motion in discrete grids[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1986,6(2):1-15(in Chinese))
[17]Liu Jingbo,Li Bin.A unified viscous-spring artificialboundary for 3-D static and dynamic applications[J].Science in China,Series E:Technological Sciences,2005,48(5):570-584
[18]丁德云,刘维宁,张宝才,等.特殊浮置板轨道隔振效果的三维数值研究[J].铁道学报,2009,31(6):58-62(Ding Deyun,Liu Weining,Zhang Baocai,et al.3-Dnumerical study on vibration isolation performance ofspecial floating slab track in lab[J].Journal of the ChinaRailway Society,2009,31(6):58-62(in Chinese))
[19]孙家麒,郭建国,金志春.城市轨道交通振动和噪声控制简明手册[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002
[20]王黎明,陈颖,杨楠.应用回归分析[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2008
[21]Madshus C,Bessason B,Harvik L.Prediction model forlow frequency vibration from high speed railways on softground[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,193(1):195-203
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