碳酸盐岩声发射地应力测量方法实验研究
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摘要
在碳酸盐岩Kaiser效应实验研究的基础上,分析了不同加载应力和岩芯放置时间对碳酸盐岩Kaiser效应点的影响规律,得出预加载应力为单轴强度的(25%～70%)、放置时间为4个月左右时岩石的Kaiser效应记忆性最好;讨论了Felicity效应比值的分布特征,获得了应力、时间耦合下碳酸盐岩地应力的计算公式,形成了碳酸盐岩地层地应力确定方法。该法应用于西部某油田地应力测量,解释出的地应力结果精度满足工程应用的要求,解决了时间、应力敏感性带来的碳酸盐岩地应力测量精度低的难题,完善了地应力的测量体系,为碳酸盐岩地层高效开发提供了基础数据。
Based on the experimental study on the Kaiser effect for carbonate formation,the effect of different loading stresses and the time of core storage on Kaiser effect points for carbonate formation are analyzed.It is concluded that when the pre-loaded stress is 25%-70 % of the uniaxial strength and the time of core storage is 4 months,the Kaiser effect memory is the best.The distribution characteristics of the ratio of Felicity effect are discussed,the in-stress formula for carbonate formation which couples time and stress is obtained,and the method for stress determination in carbonate formation is generated.This method is applied to the stress measurement in an oil field in western China.The precision of the explained stress meets the requirements of engineering application.The problem of low precision of in-stress measurement for carbonate formation caused by time and stress sensitivity is solved.The proposed method improves stress measurement system and provides basic data for the efficient exploitation of carbonate formation.
Based on the experimental study on the Kaiser effect for carbonate formation,the effect of different loading stresses and the time of core storage on Kaiser effect points for carbonate formation are analyzed.It is concluded that when the pre-loaded stress is 25%-70 % of the uniaxial strength and the time of core storage is 4 months,the Kaiser effect memory is the best.The distribution characteristics of the ratio of Felicity effect are discussed,the in-stress formula for carbonate formation which couples time and stress is obtained,and the method for stress determination in carbonate formation is generated.This method is applied to the stress measurement in an oil field in western China.The precision of the explained stress meets the requirements of engineering application.The problem of low precision of in-stress measurement for carbonate formation caused by time and stress sensitivity is solved.The proposed method improves stress measurement system and provides basic data for the efficient exploitation of carbonate formation.
引文
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[8]LAVROV A.Kaiser effect observation in brittle rock cyclically loaded with different loading rates[J].Mechanics of Materials,2001,33(11):669–677.
[9]MICHIHIRO K,YOSHIOKA H,HATA K,et al.Strain dependence of the Kaiser effect for various rocks[C]//Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on AE/MA in Geologic Structures and Materials Clausthal-Zellerfeld:Trans Tech Publications,1989:87–95.
[10]Yongyi Li,Douglas R.Schmitt.Effects of Poisson's ratio and core stub length on bottom hole stress concentration[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1997,34(5):761–773.
[11]邓金根,黄荣樽,田效山.油田深部地层地应力测定的新方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(1):32–35.(DENG Jin-gen,HUANG Rong-zun,TIAN Xiao-shan.A new method for measuring in situ stressin deep formation[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,1997,21(1):32–35.(in Chinese))
[12]石林,张旭东,金衍,等.深层地应力测量新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2355–2358.(SHI Lin,ZHANG Xun-dong,JIN Yan,et al.New method for measurement of in-situ stresses at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(14):2355–2358.(in Chinese))
[13]陈勉,张艳,金衍,等.加载速率对不同岩性岩石Kaiser效应影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(1):2599–2604.(CHEN Mian,ZHANG Yan,JIN Yan,et al.Experimental study of influence of loaning rate on Kaiser effect of different lithological rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,28(1):2599–2604.(in Chinese))
[14]JIN Yan,CHEN Mian.Time-sensitivity of the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission in limestone and its application to measurements of in-situ stress[J].Petroleum Science,2009,6:176–180.
[15]LI Chun-lin,NORLUND E.Experimental verification of the Kaiser effect in rock[J].Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1993,26(4):333–351.
[2]刘建中,张金珠,张雪.油田应力测量[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.(LIU Jian-zhong,ZHANG Jin-zhu,ZHANG Xue.Oil field stress measurement[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[3]陈勉,金衍,张广清.石油工程岩石力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.(CHEN Mian,JIN Yan,ZHANG Guang-qing.Petroleum engineering related rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[4]GOODMAN R E.Subaudible noise during compression of rocks[J].Geo Soc Am Bull,1963,74:487–490.
[5]张广清,金衍,陈勉.利用围压下岩石的凯泽效应测定地应力[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):360–363.(ZHANG Guang-qing,JIN Yan,CHEN Mian.Measurement of in-situ stresses by Kaiser effect under confining peressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):360–363.(in Chinese))
[6]KOERNER RM,LORD AE.AE detection of prestress in soil and rock[C]//Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on AE/MA in Geologic Structures and Materials.Clausthal-Zellerfeld:Trans Tech Publications,1989:73–86.
[7]KURITA K,FUJII N.Stress memory of crystalline rocks in acoustic emission[J].Geophys Res Lett,1979,6(1):9–12.
[8]LAVROV A.Kaiser effect observation in brittle rock cyclically loaded with different loading rates[J].Mechanics of Materials,2001,33(11):669–677.
[9]MICHIHIRO K,YOSHIOKA H,HATA K,et al.Strain dependence of the Kaiser effect for various rocks[C]//Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on AE/MA in Geologic Structures and Materials Clausthal-Zellerfeld:Trans Tech Publications,1989:87–95.
[10]Yongyi Li,Douglas R.Schmitt.Effects of Poisson's ratio and core stub length on bottom hole stress concentration[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1997,34(5):761–773.
[11]邓金根,黄荣樽,田效山.油田深部地层地应力测定的新方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(1):32–35.(DENG Jin-gen,HUANG Rong-zun,TIAN Xiao-shan.A new method for measuring in situ stressin deep formation[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,1997,21(1):32–35.(in Chinese))
[12]石林,张旭东,金衍,等.深层地应力测量新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2355–2358.(SHI Lin,ZHANG Xun-dong,JIN Yan,et al.New method for measurement of in-situ stresses at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(14):2355–2358.(in Chinese))
[13]陈勉,张艳,金衍,等.加载速率对不同岩性岩石Kaiser效应影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(1):2599–2604.(CHEN Mian,ZHANG Yan,JIN Yan,et al.Experimental study of influence of loaning rate on Kaiser effect of different lithological rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,28(1):2599–2604.(in Chinese))
[14]JIN Yan,CHEN Mian.Time-sensitivity of the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission in limestone and its application to measurements of in-situ stress[J].Petroleum Science,2009,6:176–180.
[15]LI Chun-lin,NORLUND E.Experimental verification of the Kaiser effect in rock[J].Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1993,26(4):333–351.
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