内蒙古乌拉特后旗三贵口矿区水文示踪试验
摘要
三贵口锌多金属硫铁矿区在山前阶地施工的坑道都遇到普遍涌水且涌水量大(约3万m3/d)的问题,给矿井建设带来严重困扰。在附近的山前平原第四系浅层孔隙水中分别投入盐和染色剂,在矿井涌水排出口进行电阻率检测和颜色变化对比检查。通过示踪试验、地质调查和工程施工,发现矿井所在的那云山南东侧山坡地下断层(裂)发育,且为导水断层,是矿井涌水的主要通道。试验表明:矿井涌水和山前平原第四系孔隙水间存在着密切的水力联系,后者沿着F1-2、F1-3、F1-4和F1-5 4个破碎带进入矿井;最大渗流速度高且较稳定,为0.352～0.388 m/s,平均渗流速度为0.193～0.079 m/s。
A huge groundwater outflow(about 30 000 m3/d) problem(which happens frequently) is encountered in the tunnels of piedmond terraces in zinc pollymetallic sulphide ore,Sanguikou,which significantly influenced the galleries and shafts construction.In this work,to exam the connection of water outflow from galleries,shafts and groundwater salt and edible dye were injected into shallow Quaternary pore water nearby the Hetao plain,resistivity was measured and color change was observed at the outlets of water outflow.By doing tracer test,geological survey and construction,we found that there were four large fault/fracture zones under the designed shafts and galleries,which were main water conducting channels of the water outflow.The results showed that the water outflow was correlated well with Quaternary pore water of piedmont plain,which flew into the shafts along the F1-2,F1-3,F1-4 and F1-5 fracture zones.The maximum and average flow velocity were 0.352~0.388 m/s and 0.193~0.079 m/s respectively.
A huge groundwater outflow(about 30 000 m3/d) problem(which happens frequently) is encountered in the tunnels of piedmond terraces in zinc pollymetallic sulphide ore,Sanguikou,which significantly influenced the galleries and shafts construction.In this work,to exam the connection of water outflow from galleries,shafts and groundwater salt and edible dye were injected into shallow Quaternary pore water nearby the Hetao plain,resistivity was measured and color change was observed at the outlets of water outflow.By doing tracer test,geological survey and construction,we found that there were four large fault/fracture zones under the designed shafts and galleries,which were main water conducting channels of the water outflow.The results showed that the water outflow was correlated well with Quaternary pore water of piedmont plain,which flew into the shafts along the F1-2,F1-3,F1-4 and F1-5 fracture zones.The maximum and average flow velocity were 0.352~0.388 m/s and 0.193~0.079 m/s respectively.
引文
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[19]鲁程鹏,束龙仓,苑利波,等.基于示踪试验求解岩溶含水层水文地质参数[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(4):717-721.LU Cheng-peng,SHU Long-cang,YUAN Li-bo,et al.Determination of hydrogeologic parameters of karst aqui-fer based on tracer test[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2009,39(4):717-721.
[20]汪进良,姜光辉,侯满福.自动化监测电导率在盐示踪试验中的应用[J].地球学报,2005,26(4):371-374.WANG Jin-liang,JIANG Guang-hui,HOU Man-fu.Application of electric conductivity to the tracing test[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2005,26(4):371-374.
[21]周朝宪.内蒙古乌拉特后旗三贵口超大型锌多金属硫铁矿的发现及找矿启示[J].矿产勘查,2010,1(2):25-34.ZHOU Chao-xian.Discovering Sanguikou giant Zn-Pb-sulfur ore deposit,Wulate Houqi,Inner Mongolia andthe implications for exploration[J].Mineral Explora-tion,2010,1(2):25-34.
[22]江娃利.内蒙狼山—色尔腾山山前活动断裂古地震事件识别及同震垂直位移[J].地壳构造与地壳应力文集,2002,15:45-52.JIANG Wa-Li,Paleo-earthquake event and co-seismicvertical deformation recognition along the Langshan-Sertenshan pediment fault,Inner Mongolia[J].Year-book on Crustal Structure and Dynamic,2002,15:45-52.
[23]朱学愚,徐绍辉,司进辉.示踪试验在淄博裂隙岩溶水污染治理中的应用[J].中国岩溶,1997,16(2):131-138.ZHU Xue-yu,XU Shao-hui,SI Jin-hui.Application oftracing test to the remediation of contaminated fracturekarst water in Zibo City[J].Carsologica Sinica,1997,16(2):131-138.
[24]裴建国,谢运球,章程,等.湘中溶蚀丘陵区示踪试验[J].中国岩溶,2000,19(4):366-371.PEI Jian-guo,XIE Yun-qiu,ZHANG Cheng,et al.Tracing test in corrosional hill area[J].CarsologicaSinica,2000,19(4):366-371.
[2]Ptak T,Piepenbrink M,Martac E.Tracer tests for the in-vestigation of heterogeneous porous media and stochasticmodelling of flow and transport:a review of some recentdevelopments[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,294:122-163.
[3]Allaire S E,Roulier S,Cessna A J.Quantifying prefe-rential flow in soils:a review of different techniques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,378:179-204.
[4]郑克勋.地下水人工化学连通示踪理论及试验方法研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.ZHENG Ke-xun.The study of theory and test methodabout connection tracing in groundwater with artificialchemical reagent[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2007.
[5]尹兴锋,周志芳.示踪技术在水文地质领域中的应用与展望[J].西部探矿工程,2007(9):120-122.YIN Xing-feng,ZHOU Zhi-fang.Application of tracer testin hydrogeology:review and view[J].West-China Explo-ration Engineering,2007(9):120-122.
[6]Vincenzi V,Gargini A,Goldscheider N.Using tracertests and hydrological observations to evaluate effects oftunnel drainage on groundwater and surface waters in theNorthern Apennines(Italy)[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2009,17:135-150.
[7]Mull D S,Liebermann T D,Smoot J L,et al.Applica-tion of dye-tracing techniques for determining solute-trans-port characteristics of ground water in karst terranes[R].Atlanta:US Environmental Protection Agency,1988.
[8]张人权.同位素方法在水文地质中的应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1983.ZHANG Ren-quan.The application of isotope methods inhydrogeology[M].Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1983.
[9]彭峰,刘荻.采用投盐-电阻法进行水力连通试验的研究与应用[J].铁道建筑,2006(2):31-33.PENG Feng,LIU Di.The study and application of hydro-logical connectivity test with the adding salt-measuring re-sistivity method[J].Railway Engineering,2006(2):31-33.
[10]蔡荣,梁媛,马亿刚,等.横河煤矿底含放水孔与井田内供水井连通试验研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2004,34(1):102-105.CAI Rong,LIANG Yuan,MA Yi-gang,et al.Study onconnection test between drain bores of bottom aquiferand supplying wells in Henghe coal mine[J].Journal ofJilin University:Earth Science Edition,2004,34(1):102-105.
[11]Charalampides G,Manoliadis O.Isotopic tracers in sub-surface hydrological systems[J].Journal of Environ-mental Protection and Ecology,2003,4(4):777-782.
[12]李晓,胡耀飞,贾疏源.锦屏普斯罗沟坝址右岸地下水连通试验[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2002,13(4):51-55.LI Xiao,HU Yao-fei,JIA Shu-yuan.Study on thegroundwater tracing test Pusiluo Ditch[J].Journal ofGeological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2002,13(4):51-55.
[13]地质矿产部水文地质工程地质技术方法研究队.水文地质手册[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.Team of Geological and Technical Research on Hydroge-ology and Engineering Geology,Ministry of Geology andMinerals.Handbook of hydrogeology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1978.
[14]Flury M,Wai N N.Dyes as tracers for vadose zone[J].Reviews in Geophysics,2003,41(1):1-37.
[15]宋吉水,王岩楼,廖广志,等.井间示踪技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.SONG Ji-shui,WANG Yan-lou,LIAO Guang-zhi,et al.Tracing technique among wells[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,2003.
[16]Plata-Bedmar A.Artificial radioisotopes in hydrologicalinvestigation[J].IAEA Bulletin,1988(1):35-38.
[17]Vitvar T,Aggarwal P K,Mcdonnell J J.A review of iso-tope applications in catchment hydrology[C]//Aggar-wal P K,Gat J R,Froehlich K F O.Isotopes in the wa-ter cycle.Berlin:Springer,2005:151-169.
[18]杨尔乾.大型投盐探测地下水连通试验经验总结[J].水资源保护,1994(3):40-46.YANG Er-qian.Summary of underground water connec-tion test with large scale inputting salt[J].Water Re-sources Protection,1994(3):40-46.
[19]鲁程鹏,束龙仓,苑利波,等.基于示踪试验求解岩溶含水层水文地质参数[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(4):717-721.LU Cheng-peng,SHU Long-cang,YUAN Li-bo,et al.Determination of hydrogeologic parameters of karst aqui-fer based on tracer test[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2009,39(4):717-721.
[20]汪进良,姜光辉,侯满福.自动化监测电导率在盐示踪试验中的应用[J].地球学报,2005,26(4):371-374.WANG Jin-liang,JIANG Guang-hui,HOU Man-fu.Application of electric conductivity to the tracing test[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2005,26(4):371-374.
[21]周朝宪.内蒙古乌拉特后旗三贵口超大型锌多金属硫铁矿的发现及找矿启示[J].矿产勘查,2010,1(2):25-34.ZHOU Chao-xian.Discovering Sanguikou giant Zn-Pb-sulfur ore deposit,Wulate Houqi,Inner Mongolia andthe implications for exploration[J].Mineral Explora-tion,2010,1(2):25-34.
[22]江娃利.内蒙狼山—色尔腾山山前活动断裂古地震事件识别及同震垂直位移[J].地壳构造与地壳应力文集,2002,15:45-52.JIANG Wa-Li,Paleo-earthquake event and co-seismicvertical deformation recognition along the Langshan-Sertenshan pediment fault,Inner Mongolia[J].Year-book on Crustal Structure and Dynamic,2002,15:45-52.
[23]朱学愚,徐绍辉,司进辉.示踪试验在淄博裂隙岩溶水污染治理中的应用[J].中国岩溶,1997,16(2):131-138.ZHU Xue-yu,XU Shao-hui,SI Jin-hui.Application oftracing test to the remediation of contaminated fracturekarst water in Zibo City[J].Carsologica Sinica,1997,16(2):131-138.
[24]裴建国,谢运球,章程,等.湘中溶蚀丘陵区示踪试验[J].中国岩溶,2000,19(4):366-371.PEI Jian-guo,XIE Yun-qiu,ZHANG Cheng,et al.Tracing test in corrosional hill area[J].CarsologicaSinica,2000,19(4):366-371.
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