微差爆破降震效果影响因素分析
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摘要
依托单段实测爆破振动信号,借助Matlab软件编程,分析了特性各异的子信号在不同微差时间下叠加信号的时频特征,通过引入"降幅率"和"振速比例"的概念,提出了微差爆破叠加信号各特性随微差时间、起爆顺序及子信号特性的变化规律。分析发现,使叠加信号达到一定降幅率的时差并非某一具体时差点,而是多个间断的时差区间,其主频随微差时间的不同呈阶跃锯齿型变化;合理微差时间下,两单段信号的振动特性越相近,干扰降震效果越明显;若装药已定,优先起爆小药量的段别所达到的降震效果更佳。现场试验数据显示,研究结果基本符合微差爆破的现实运作规律。
Based on the measured single deck blast vibration signals,time frequency characteristics were analyzed of the superposition signal of the single deck signals with various features by MATLAB programming,and,through introducing the concept of amplitude reduction ratio and vibration velocity ratio,the variation law of characteristics of the superposition signal in millisecond blasting with the delay time,detonating sequence and properties of the seed-signal is put forward.It is found that time difference of the superposition signal arriving at a certain amplitude reduction ratio is not a specific moveout point but many intermittent time difference sections.Meanwhile,dominant frequency variates in a step sawtooth pattern with the difference of the delay time.Under rational millisecond time,the more similar the vibration characteristics of two seed-signals are,the more evident the interference vibration reduction effect is.If charge weight is designated,vibration reduction effect is much better when the segment with small charge quantity is detonated prior to others.And the measured test data in site reflect that the research results basically accord with the practical operation laws of millisecond blasting.
Based on the measured single deck blast vibration signals,time frequency characteristics were analyzed of the superposition signal of the single deck signals with various features by MATLAB programming,and,through introducing the concept of amplitude reduction ratio and vibration velocity ratio,the variation law of characteristics of the superposition signal in millisecond blasting with the delay time,detonating sequence and properties of the seed-signal is put forward.It is found that time difference of the superposition signal arriving at a certain amplitude reduction ratio is not a specific moveout point but many intermittent time difference sections.Meanwhile,dominant frequency variates in a step sawtooth pattern with the difference of the delay time.Under rational millisecond time,the more similar the vibration characteristics of two seed-signals are,the more evident the interference vibration reduction effect is.If charge weight is designated,vibration reduction effect is much better when the segment with small charge quantity is detonated prior to others.And the measured test data in site reflect that the research results basically accord with the practical operation laws of millisecond blasting.
引文
[1]熊代余,顾毅成.岩石爆破理论与技术新进展[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
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[7]宋光明,曾新吾,陈寿如.基于波形预测小波包分析模型的降振微差时间选择[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(2):163-168.SONG Guang-ming,ZENG Xin-wu,CHEN Shou-ru,et al.The selection of millisecond delay interval of blasting fordecreasing ground vibration based on the wavelet packetsprediction model of waveforms[J].Explosion and ShockWaves,2003,23(2):163-168.
[8]高成.Matlab小波分析与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007:6-8.
[2]王军跃.爆破振动信号叠加法及其在露天矿中的应用[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[3]ANDERSON D A,WINZER S R,RITTER A P.Oncomputer-aided seismic analysis and discrimination[C]//Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium.WashingtonDC:[s.n.],1987:247-261.
[4]郭学彬,张继春,刘泉,等.微差爆破的波形叠加作用分析[J].爆破,2006,23(2):4-8.GUO Xue-bin,ZHANG Ji-chun,LIU Quan,et al.Analysis of waveform superimposed action ofmillisecond blasting[J].Blasting,2006,23(2):4-8.
[5]李夕兵,凌同华.单段与多段微差爆破地震的反应谱特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2409-2413.LI Xi-bing,LING Tong-hua.Response spectrum analysisof ground vibration induced by single deck and mlti-deckblasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(14):2409-2413.
[6]甄育才,朱传云.中远区微差爆破振动叠加效应影响因素分析[J].爆破,2005,22(2):11-15.ZHEN Yu-cai,ZHU Chuan-yun.Analysis on influentialfactors of vibration superposition in middle and far fieldof millisecond blasting[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):11-15.
[7]宋光明,曾新吾,陈寿如.基于波形预测小波包分析模型的降振微差时间选择[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(2):163-168.SONG Guang-ming,ZENG Xin-wu,CHEN Shou-ru,et al.The selection of millisecond delay interval of blasting fordecreasing ground vibration based on the wavelet packetsprediction model of waveforms[J].Explosion and ShockWaves,2003,23(2):163-168.
[8]高成.Matlab小波分析与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007:6-8.
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