从汶川地震看震前的“微破裂波”
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摘要
根据对包括汶川大地震等一些实测资料的分析,并借用断裂力学和断裂物理的概念,可以认为存在一种震前出现的"微破裂波"。即,震前地层中发生的"微破裂"过程可以产生"微破裂波"。由于破裂过程的微观复杂性,微破裂波中有电磁波、声波和重力波等不同成分,而且有频率覆盖范围宽、信号相对较弱等特点。微破裂波一般都产生于主破裂之前约1～10天之内。只要有合适的有着足够高灵敏度和足够宽的频率响应能力的仪器系统,就可能探测到微破裂波,也就获取了一种重要的有临震预警意义的信息。
With a recheck of the observing data of Wenchuan and some other earthquakes,also based on the concept of fracture mechanics,it is deemed that there exists a micro-fracture wave before earthquakes.According to this supposition,before an earthquake,the micro fracture occurred in the stratum will result in a micro-fracture wave.Due to the complexity of the fracture process,the wave may consist of electromagnetic,supersonic and gravitational fluctuations,which frequency range is quite wide and intensities are rather weak.The micro fracture wave presents commonly prior to the earthquake for 1～10 days,therefore,as long as it is detected with proper instrumental systems(with enough high sensitivity and wide coverage of frequency),it might serve as a useful precursory signal for earthquakes.
With a recheck of the observing data of Wenchuan and some other earthquakes,also based on the concept of fracture mechanics,it is deemed that there exists a micro-fracture wave before earthquakes.According to this supposition,before an earthquake,the micro fracture occurred in the stratum will result in a micro-fracture wave.Due to the complexity of the fracture process,the wave may consist of electromagnetic,supersonic and gravitational fluctuations,which frequency range is quite wide and intensities are rather weak.The micro fracture wave presents commonly prior to the earthquake for 1～10 days,therefore,as long as it is detected with proper instrumental systems(with enough high sensitivity and wide coverage of frequency),it might serve as a useful precursory signal for earthquakes.
引文
[1]郝晓光,胡小刚,许厚泽,等.汶川大地震前的重力扰动.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(3):129-131
[2]酆晓,丁丽青.强震前的重力变化特征.地震,1993(2):40-46
[3]李冬梅,白晓勤,施行觉,等.山西侯马台记录到的强远震前兆波特征浅析.大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(3):75-77
[4]Warwick J W,Stoker C,Meyer T R.Radio emission associated with rock fracture-Possible application to the great Chilean earthquake of May22,1960.Journal of Geophysical Research,1982,87,2851-2859
[5]Nitsan U.Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks.Geophysical Research Let-ters,1977,4(8):333-336
[6]Brady B T,Rowell G A.Laboratory investigation of the electrodynamics of rock fracture.Nature,1986,321,488-492
[7]Cress G O,Brady B T,Rowell G A.Sources of electromagnetic radiation from fracture of rock samples in the laboratory.Geophysical Research Letters,1987,14,331-334
[8]Kanamori H,Cipar J J.Focal process of the great Chilean earthquake May22,1960.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1974,9:128-136
[9]许昭永,杨润海,王彬,等.突发应变扰动—一种新的破裂前兆的实验研究.地震学报,1998,20(6):628-634
[10]李均之,夏亚琴,陈维升.依据前兆信息对台湾地震的预测.北京工业大学学报,2007,33(9):989-996
[11]赵建生.断裂力学及断裂物理.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003,218-222
[2]酆晓,丁丽青.强震前的重力变化特征.地震,1993(2):40-46
[3]李冬梅,白晓勤,施行觉,等.山西侯马台记录到的强远震前兆波特征浅析.大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(3):75-77
[4]Warwick J W,Stoker C,Meyer T R.Radio emission associated with rock fracture-Possible application to the great Chilean earthquake of May22,1960.Journal of Geophysical Research,1982,87,2851-2859
[5]Nitsan U.Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks.Geophysical Research Let-ters,1977,4(8):333-336
[6]Brady B T,Rowell G A.Laboratory investigation of the electrodynamics of rock fracture.Nature,1986,321,488-492
[7]Cress G O,Brady B T,Rowell G A.Sources of electromagnetic radiation from fracture of rock samples in the laboratory.Geophysical Research Letters,1987,14,331-334
[8]Kanamori H,Cipar J J.Focal process of the great Chilean earthquake May22,1960.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1974,9:128-136
[9]许昭永,杨润海,王彬,等.突发应变扰动—一种新的破裂前兆的实验研究.地震学报,1998,20(6):628-634
[10]李均之,夏亚琴,陈维升.依据前兆信息对台湾地震的预测.北京工业大学学报,2007,33(9):989-996
[11]赵建生.断裂力学及断裂物理.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003,218-222
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