断层滑动准则和稳定性评价及构造应力场的反演
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摘要
为研究矿震、突出等动力现象与断层滑动、开采深度的关系,首先在试验室进行砂岩双剪摩擦试验,从工程角度出发,确定砂岩的滑动准则。其次为研究地下岩体的稳定性,确定构造应力场的分布,针对地下岩体的赋存特点,在分析实测应力分布特点的基础上,通过地质动力区划方法建立地质构造模型,采用有限元法反演复杂断层扰动下的构造应力场,计算结果与矿区震源面制分析结果以及原岩应力测量结果取得较好的一致性。计算的高应力区域中心位置位于Ⅰ级断裂的不连续地带,与地下地震多发地带相对应,说明构造应力是矿区地震的主要成因。研究表明,断裂面的失稳滑动是北票矿区地震的主要机制,构造应力的存在是矿震发生的必要条件,而矿区开采则是发震的诱导因素,北票断裂对区域其他次级断裂及其构造应力区起主导和控制作用,是北票矿区动力现象的动力源。
For the study of the relationship between the dynamic phenomena in mines such as mine earthquakes, outburst and faults slide,extraction depth,firstly,double shear friction experiments of sandstone have been carried out so as to achieve its slide criterion in engineering aspects. Secondly,in order to study the stability of underground rock and zone of tectonic stress field,based on the analysis of distribution characteristics of initial rock stress measurements,the geology structural model is built according to the feature of underground rock,and tectonic stress field is obtained by back-analysis using finite element method. The calculating results agree well with the analysis result of earthquakes mechanism and the distribution characteristics of the measurements. The high stress regional centers locating at discontinuous zone of I level faults are corresponding to underground earthquakes scene. The study shows that existence of tectonic stress is the major origin and necessary condition of mine earthquakes. The instability sliding of the faults is the main manifest and the mining activity is the leading factor. Beipiao fault has dominated effects on other sub faults and tectonic stress areas and is dynamical fountain of dynamic phenomena in the Beipiao Mines.
For the study of the relationship between the dynamic phenomena in mines such as mine earthquakes, outburst and faults slide,extraction depth,firstly,double shear friction experiments of sandstone have been carried out so as to achieve its slide criterion in engineering aspects. Secondly,in order to study the stability of underground rock and zone of tectonic stress field,based on the analysis of distribution characteristics of initial rock stress measurements,the geology structural model is built according to the feature of underground rock,and tectonic stress field is obtained by back-analysis using finite element method. The calculating results agree well with the analysis result of earthquakes mechanism and the distribution characteristics of the measurements. The high stress regional centers locating at discontinuous zone of I level faults are corresponding to underground earthquakes scene. The study shows that existence of tectonic stress is the major origin and necessary condition of mine earthquakes. The instability sliding of the faults is the main manifest and the mining activity is the leading factor. Beipiao fault has dominated effects on other sub faults and tectonic stress areas and is dynamical fountain of dynamic phenomena in the Beipiao Mines.
引文
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[12]黄醒春,夏小和,沈为平.断层周边应力场的原位实测及数值反演[J].上海交通大学学报,1998,32(12):55–59.(HUANG Xingchun,XIA Xiaohe,SHEN Weiping.Measurement and back analysis on the initial rock stress field around the faults[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1998,32(12):55–59.(in Chinese))
[13]BYERLEE J D.Friction of rocks[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1978,116(4–5):615–626.
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[16]张宏伟.地质动力区划在煤与瓦斯突出区域预测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):621–624.(ZHANG Hongwei.Application of geo-dynamic division method in prediction of coal and gas outburst region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):621–624.(in Chinese))
[17]徐煜坚.华北北部地区地质模型与强震迁移[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.(XU Yujian.Geological model and earthquake migration in the north area of North China[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1985.(in Chinese))
[2]DIETERICH J H.Modeling of rock friction experimental results and contitutive[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(B5):2168–2173.
[3]RUINA A L.Slip instability and state variable friction laws[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1983,88(B12):10359–10370.
[4]DIETERICH J H.Modeling of rock friction:1.experimental results and constitutive equations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(B5):2161–2168.
[5]SCHOLZ C H.Earthquaks and friction laws[J].Nature,1998,391(1):37–42.
[6]何昌荣.两种摩擦本构关系的对比研究[J].地震地质,1999,21(2):137–146.(HE Changrong.Comparing two types of rate and state dependent friction laws[J].Seismology and Geology,1999,21(2):137–146.(in Chinese))
[7]何昌荣,陶青峰,王泽利.高温高压条件下辉长岩的摩擦强度及其速率依赖性[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):450–460.(HE Changrong,TAO Qingfeng,WANG Zeli.Frictional strength and rate dependence of gabbrogouge under elevated temperature and pressure[J].Seismology and Geology,2004,26(3):450–460.(in Chinese))
[8]王泽利,何昌荣,周永胜,等.断层摩擦试验中的应力状态及摩擦强度[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):4079–4083.(WANG Zeli,HE Changrong,ZHOU Yongsheng,et al.Stress state and frictional strength obtained with frictional experiments of fault[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):4079–4083.(in Chinese))
[9]张伯崇,马元春.岩石摩擦性状的试验和断层滑动准则的讨论[C]//国家地震局地壳应力研究所.地壳构造与应力文集(1).北京:地震出版社,1987:136–145.(ZHANG Bochong,MA Yuanchun.The experiments on frictional behaviors rocks and a discussion on criterion of fault slide[C]//Institute of Crustal Dynamics of State Seismological Bureau ed.Proc.of the1st Crustal Tectonic and Stress(I).Beijing:Eearthquake Press,1987:136–145.(in Chinese))
[10]ZOBACK M D,STEPHEN H.In site study of the physical mechanisics controlling induced seismicity at Monticello reservoir,south Carolina[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1982,87(88):6959–6974.
[11]马元春,刘长义,王福江.依据滑动准则、原地应力测量讨论红河断裂的北段地震活动性[C]//国家地震局地壳应力研究所.地壳构造与应力文集(10).北京:地震出版社,1997:154–161.(MA Yuanchun,LIU Changyi,WANG Fujiang.A discussion on the seismic activity of the northern segment of the Honghe fault in according of the slide criterion and in-situ stresses[C]//Institute of Crustal Dynamics of State Seismological Bureau ed.Proc.of the10th Crustal Tectonic and Stress(10).Beijing:Earthquake Press,1997:154–161.(in Chinese))
[12]黄醒春,夏小和,沈为平.断层周边应力场的原位实测及数值反演[J].上海交通大学学报,1998,32(12):55–59.(HUANG Xingchun,XIA Xiaohe,SHEN Weiping.Measurement and back analysis on the initial rock stress field around the faults[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1998,32(12):55–59.(in Chinese))
[13]BYERLEE J D.Friction of rocks[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1978,116(4–5):615–626.
[14]RALEIGH C B,HEALY J H,BREDEHOEFT J D.An experiment in earthquake control at Rangely,Colorado[J].Science,1976,191:1230–1237.
[15]ZOBACK M D,ZOBACK M L,MOUNT V S,et al.New evidence on the state of stress of the San Andreas fault system[J].Science,1976,238:1105–1111.
[16]张宏伟.地质动力区划在煤与瓦斯突出区域预测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):621–624.(ZHANG Hongwei.Application of geo-dynamic division method in prediction of coal and gas outburst region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):621–624.(in Chinese))
[17]徐煜坚.华北北部地区地质模型与强震迁移[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.(XU Yujian.Geological model and earthquake migration in the north area of North China[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1985.(in Chinese))
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