孔径变形法测试地应力弹性模量参数选取分析
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摘要
随着大型水电工程和地下空间工程建设的发展,势必会加大研究岩体的应力测量技术及应力对工程岩体、工程建设的影响。以黄登水电站坝区岩体地应力测量为背景,通过岩芯围压试验、室内岩块压缩变形试验等方法测试弹性模量,其测试成果在各种试验中有很大的不同,因此采用岩石损伤力学、高围压下岩体特性等理论对该现象进行分析;同时,根据卸荷岩体特性对地应力测试中应力解除过程进行分析,确定扩容对地应力测试的影响。研究结果表明,随着围压的增加,岩体弹性模量可能出现正增长关系,主要原因是岩体裂隙的压紧导致结构的致密;岩体在卸荷的情况下会出现一定程度的扩容;同时,机械振动势必也加大扩容对于变形的影响。考虑上述因素,提出黄登水电站地应力测试中弹性模量的选取原则,该方法可为类似工程提供一定的参考价值。
With the development of large-scale hydropower projects and the underground space constructions,the rock stress measurement and the influence of stress on engineering rock masses and constructions attract more and more attentions.Based on in-situ stress measurement of Huangdeng dam,the elastic moduli are obtained from the core confining pressure test,the interior compression modulus test and bearing plate test;and the elastic moduli are different.Therefore,the phenomena of difference are analyzed according to rock damage mechanics and rock mass properties under high confining pressures.Besides,stress relief process of measurement is analyzed based on unloading rock mass properties;and the effect of expansion on stress measurement is determined.The results show that with the increase in confining pressure,the elastic modulus of rock mass may grow positively mainly due to the compression of rock fractures;unloading rock mass may appear the phenomenon of serious expansion with the mechanical vibration.Considering the above analyses,a selecting principle of elastic modulus in aperture deformation method in in-situ stress measurement is proposed;and it would offer a reference to other similar projects.
With the development of large-scale hydropower projects and the underground space constructions,the rock stress measurement and the influence of stress on engineering rock masses and constructions attract more and more attentions.Based on in-situ stress measurement of Huangdeng dam,the elastic moduli are obtained from the core confining pressure test,the interior compression modulus test and bearing plate test;and the elastic moduli are different.Therefore,the phenomena of difference are analyzed according to rock damage mechanics and rock mass properties under high confining pressures.Besides,stress relief process of measurement is analyzed based on unloading rock mass properties;and the effect of expansion on stress measurement is determined.The results show that with the increase in confining pressure,the elastic modulus of rock mass may grow positively mainly due to the compression of rock fractures;unloading rock mass may appear the phenomenon of serious expansion with the mechanical vibration.Considering the above analyses,a selecting principle of elastic modulus in aperture deformation method in in-situ stress measurement is proposed;and it would offer a reference to other similar projects.
引文
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[11]王明洋,范鹏贤,李文培.岩石的劈裂和卸荷破坏机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):234-241.(WANG Mingyang,FAN Pengxian,LI Wenpei.Mechanism of splitting and unloading failure of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):234-241.(in Chinese))
[12]李宏哲,夏才初,徐崇帮,等.基于多级破坏方法确定岩石卸荷强度参数的试验方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2681-2686.(LI Hongzhe,XIA Caichu,XU Chongbang,et al.Experimental study of rock unloading strength parameters based on multiple failure method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.1):2681-2686.(in Chinese))
[13]哈秋舲.加载岩体力学与卸荷岩体力学[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(1):114.(HA Qiuling.Loading and unloading rock masses mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(1):144.(in Chinese))
[14]谢红强,何江达,徐进.岩石加卸荷变形特性及力学参数试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(3):336-338.(XIE Hongqiang,HE Jiangda,XU Jin.Deformation characteristics of rock under loading and unloading conditions and experimental study of mechanical parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(3):336-338.(in Chinese))
[15]余寿文,冯西桥.损伤力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.(YU Shouwen,FENG Xiqiao.Damage mechanics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL264-2001水利水电工程岩石试验规程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.SL264-2001Specification for rock tests in water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[2]刘允芳,刘元坤.围压试验在空心包体式应变计地应力测量中的作用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3932-3937.(LIU Yunfang,LIU Yuankun.Function of confining pressure test on hollow inclusion triaxial strain gauge for geostress measurement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3932-3937.(in Chinese))
[3]HARRISON J P,HUDSON J A.工程岩石力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.(HARRISON J P,HUDSON J A.Engineering rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese))
[4]赖勇.围压对杨氏模量的影响分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2009,28(2):246-249,278.(LAI Yong.Effect analysis of confining pressure on Young′s modulus[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Nature Science),2009,28(2):246-249,278.(in Chinese))
[5]尤明庆.岩石试样的杨氏模量与围压的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1):53-60.(YOU Mingqing.Effect of confining pressure on the Young′s modulus of rock specimen[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(1):53-60.(in Chinese))
[6]HOLE E,BROWN E T.岩石地下工程[M].连志升,田良灿,王维德等译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1986.(HOLE E,BROWN E T.Underground excavation in rock[M].Translated by LIAN Zhisheng,TIAN Liangcan,WANG Weide,et al.Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,1986.(in Chinese))
[7]张永兴.岩石力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.(ZHANG Yongxing.Rock mechanics[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[8]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(CAI Meifeng,HE Manchao,LIU Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[9]张政辉,蔡美峰.岩石的卸荷力学特性及其对地应力测量的影响[J].矿冶,2001,10(3):6-10.(ZHANG Zhenghui,CAI Meifeng.Mechanics properties of a rock in stress relief and their influences on in-situ stress measurement[J].Mining and Metallurgy,2001,10(3):6-10.(in Chinese))
[10]张黎明,王在泉,王建新,等.岩石卸荷破坏的试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(3):34-37.(ZHANG Liming,WANG Zaiquan,WANG Jianxin,et al.Experimental study on the rock behavior under unloading condition[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science),2006,38(3):34-37.(in Chinese))
[11]王明洋,范鹏贤,李文培.岩石的劈裂和卸荷破坏机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):234-241.(WANG Mingyang,FAN Pengxian,LI Wenpei.Mechanism of splitting and unloading failure of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):234-241.(in Chinese))
[12]李宏哲,夏才初,徐崇帮,等.基于多级破坏方法确定岩石卸荷强度参数的试验方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2681-2686.(LI Hongzhe,XIA Caichu,XU Chongbang,et al.Experimental study of rock unloading strength parameters based on multiple failure method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.1):2681-2686.(in Chinese))
[13]哈秋舲.加载岩体力学与卸荷岩体力学[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(1):114.(HA Qiuling.Loading and unloading rock masses mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(1):144.(in Chinese))
[14]谢红强,何江达,徐进.岩石加卸荷变形特性及力学参数试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(3):336-338.(XIE Hongqiang,HE Jiangda,XU Jin.Deformation characteristics of rock under loading and unloading conditions and experimental study of mechanical parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(3):336-338.(in Chinese))
[15]余寿文,冯西桥.损伤力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.(YU Shouwen,FENG Xiqiao.Damage mechanics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL264-2001水利水电工程岩石试验规程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.SL264-2001Specification for rock tests in water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
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