新型耗能减震滚石棚洞作用机制研究
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摘要
传统滚石棚洞主要是通过结构顶部的砂砾石垫层来耗能抗冲击的,然而实践表明:砂砾石垫层材料不仅缓冲吸能效果有限,且自重荷载较大,建设成本偏高,不利于大面积推广应用。为此,提出一种新型耗能减震棚洞,通过在棚洞支座处增设耗能减震器,在最大限度降低棚洞自重的情况下增大防护结构的系统柔度,达到耗能减震的目的。通过构建非线性质量弹簧体系来模拟滚石冲击下棚洞结构的动力响应,并结合能量原理对新型棚洞的防滚石抗冲击机制进行分析,结果表明耗能减震棚洞能大幅度降低滚石的最大冲击力,并通过耗能减震器的变形来耗散冲击能,大幅度降低棚洞结构的建设成本。
As a kind of serious hazard in mountains,rock-falls are hard to be treated accurately in active ways for their abruptness and randomness. Currently,the most popular method is to set cushion on shed tunnel to buffer the impact passively. However,the effect is not perfect as expected and the cost may be great if adopting thick cushion. Based on flexible retaining theory,a new type of shed tunnel is proposed,which can dissipate impact energy easily by installing shock absorber. Then by modeling the new structure as a mass spring system,the cushioning mechanism and protection effect of new structure are studied with energy theory. Finally,an example is given to check the presented approach. The result shows that the rock impact can be dissipated well by energy dissipative devices,and the maximum impact force on the new structure is smaller. More important,the investment of construction is reduced greatly.
As a kind of serious hazard in mountains,rock-falls are hard to be treated accurately in active ways for their abruptness and randomness. Currently,the most popular method is to set cushion on shed tunnel to buffer the impact passively. However,the effect is not perfect as expected and the cost may be great if adopting thick cushion. Based on flexible retaining theory,a new type of shed tunnel is proposed,which can dissipate impact energy easily by installing shock absorber. Then by modeling the new structure as a mass spring system,the cushioning mechanism and protection effect of new structure are studied with energy theory. Finally,an example is given to check the presented approach. The result shows that the rock impact can be dissipated well by energy dissipative devices,and the maximum impact force on the new structure is smaller. More important,the investment of construction is reduced greatly.
引文
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[2]PICHLER B,HELLMICH C,MANG H A.Impact of rocks onto gravel design and evaluation of experiments[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,31(5):559–578.
[3]MOUGIN J P,PERROTIN P,MOMMESSIN M,et al.Rock fall impact on reinforced concrete slab:an experimental approach[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,31(2):169–183.
[4]KISHI N,KONNO H,IKEDA K.Prototype impact tests on ultimate impact resistance of PC rock-sheds[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2002,27(9):969–985.
[5]DELHOMME F,MOMMESSIN M,MOUGIN J P,et al.Behavior of a structurally dissipating rock-shed:experimental analysis and study of punching effects[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2005,42(14):4204–4219.
[6]何思明,吴永,李新坡.滚石冲击碰撞恢复系数研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3):623–627.(HE Siming,WU Yong,LI Xingpo.Research on restitution coefficient of rock fall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(3):623–627.(in Chinese))
[7]何思明,吴永,杨雪莲.滚石坡面冲击回弹规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2793–2798.(HE Siming,WU Yong,YANG Xuelian.Research on restitution coefficient of rock fall[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.1):2793–2798.(in Chinese))
[8]何思明,李新坡,吴永.滚石冲击荷载作用下土体屈服特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2973–2977.(HE Siming,LI Xinpo,WU Yong.Research on yield property of soil under rock-fall impact[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.1):2973–2977.(in Chinese))
[9]周云,徐彤,周福霖.抗震与减震结构的能量分析方法研究与应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(4):133–139.(ZHOU Yun,XU Tong,ZHOU Fulin.Research and development of structural seismic design based on energy method[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1999,19(4):133–139.(in Chinese))
[10]辛亚军,王焕定,程树良.新型钢铅组合耗能器试验研究[J].工程力学,2007,24(2):126–130.(XIN Yajun,WANG Huanding,CHENG Shuliang.Experimental study on new combined steel-lead damper[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(2):126–130.(in Chinese))
[11]ANDREWS E W,GIANNAKOPOULOS A E,PLISSON E,et al.Analysis of the impact of a sharp indenter[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2002,39(2):281–295.
[12]ALEXANDER F,JEFFREY H S.Hamiltonian structure for dispersive and dissipative dynamical systems[J].Journal of Statistical Physics,2007,128(4):969–1056.
[13]JOHNSON K L.Contact mechanism[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[14]THORNTON C.Coefficient of restitution for collinear collisions of elastic perfectly plastic spheres[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1997,64(2):383–386.
[15]OLSSON R.Analytical prediction of large mass impact damage composite laminates[J].Composites(Part A),2001,32(9):1207–1215.
[16]HAZIZAN M A,CANTWELL W J.The low velocity impact response of foam-based sandwich structures[J].Composites(Part B),2002,33(3):193–204.
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