坝基破碎带岩体渗透特性试验研究
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摘要
破碎带岩体在坝基分布范围广,厚度巨大,形态复杂,力学性质差,是重力坝抗滑稳定最不利的因素之一.为研究破碎带岩体的渗透特性,为坝基防渗设计提供依据,分析了岩体的微观结构,研究了高压压水条件下破碎带岩体的渗透性能.研究结果表明,破碎带岩体结构松散,晶体结构以粘土矿物为主,具有很强的亲水性;破碎带岩体经过不同程度的溶蚀,导致结构松散;破碎带为强透水性岩体;试验得到岩体的极限水力坡降为40,临界坡降为20左右.综合分析表明,破碎带岩体具有较高的透水性,是坝基防渗处理的重点.
Fractured belt are widely distributed in concrete gravity dam foundation,with its wide thickness,complicated shape and weak engineering mechanical properties,which make up of one of the most unfavorable factors which influent on the stability against concrete gravity dam sliding.In order to analysis the seepage character and provideguidance to the design of antisepses,micro structural test with high pressure water-pressure test was carried out.The results indicate that the fractured belt rock mass has loose structure,composed with clay mineral,and has strong hydrophilic nature.Since experience erosion at some extent,the fractured belt rock mass has unconsolidated structure.Results also indicate that the fractured belts are high pervious rock mass,with ultimate hydraulic slope 40 and critical one is about 20.Synthetic analysis indicates that the fractured belt rock mass has good hydraulic permeability,which is one of the major problem concentrated on.
Fractured belt are widely distributed in concrete gravity dam foundation,with its wide thickness,complicated shape and weak engineering mechanical properties,which make up of one of the most unfavorable factors which influent on the stability against concrete gravity dam sliding.In order to analysis the seepage character and provideguidance to the design of antisepses,micro structural test with high pressure water-pressure test was carried out.The results indicate that the fractured belt rock mass has loose structure,composed with clay mineral,and has strong hydrophilic nature.Since experience erosion at some extent,the fractured belt rock mass has unconsolidated structure.Results also indicate that the fractured belts are high pervious rock mass,with ultimate hydraulic slope 40 and critical one is about 20.Synthetic analysis indicates that the fractured belt rock mass has good hydraulic permeability,which is one of the major problem concentrated on.
引文
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[2]徐卫亚,孟国涛,江涛,等.高坝坝基挤压蚀变破碎带处理措施三维数值分析[J].水利学报,2007,38(3):312-318.Xu W Y,Meng G T,Jiang T,et al.Numerical modeling on treatment ofmylonitization and fracture belt in damfoundation[J].Journal ofHydraulicEngineering,2007,38(3):312-318.
[3]王锦国,周志芳,黄勇.基于压水试验资料的岩体透水性分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003(4):562-565.Wang J G,Zhou Z F,Huang Y.Study on permeability fo rock massbased on water pressure test data by using fractal theory[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003(4):562-565.
[4]张祯武,李兴成,徐光祥.利用定压力非稳定流压水试验求水文地质参数[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2543-2546Zhang Z W,Li X C,Xu G X.Determinationn of hydrogeologicalparameters by water pressure test of steady-pressure and non-stationaryflow[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2543-2546.
[5]周创兵,熊文林.地应力对裂隙岩体渗透特性的影响[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):154-163.ZhouCB,XiongWL.Theeffectofgeostressonthepermeabilitycharacteroffracturedrockmass[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica,1997,19(2):154-163.
[6]王媛.单裂隙面渗流与应力的耦合特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(1):83-87.Wang Y.Coupling characteristic of stress and fluid flow within a singlefracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(1):83-87.
[7]刘继山.单裂隙受正应力作用时的渗流公式[J].水文地质工程地质,1987,14(2):28-32.Liu J S.The seepage formula of single joint when acted with normalstress[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1987,14(2):28-32.
[8]王贵宾,杨春和.岩体节理三维网络模拟技术及渗透率张量分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3591-3594.Wang G B,Yang C H.3D network simulation technique of joints in rockmass and permeabilitytensor analysis[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanicsand Engineering,2004,23(21):3591-3594.
[9]刘才华,陈从新,付少兰.二维应力作用下岩石单裂隙渗流规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1194-1198.Liu C H,Chen C X,Fu S L.Testing study on seepage characteristic of asingle rock fracture under two-dimensional stresses[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1194-1198.
[10]余伟健,高谦,张周平,等.构造带围岩特性实验及流变规律分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,40(4):1086-1091.Yu W J,Gao Q,Zhang Z P,et,al.Characteristics experimental ofsurrounding rock mass in tectonic zone and its rheological law analysis[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2009,40(4):1086-1091.
[11]冯涛,谢学斌,潘长良,等.岩爆岩石断裂机理的电镜扫描分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(1):14-17.Feng T,Xie X B,Pan C L,et al.Fracture mechanism analysis forrockburst with electron scanning microscope[J].Journal of Central SouthUniversity(Science and Technology),1999,30(1):14-17.
[12]Ramsey J M,Chester F M.Hybrid fracture and the transition fromextension fracture to shear fracture[J].Nature,2004,428:63-66.
[13]Chang S H,Lee C I.Estimation of cracking and damage mechanisms inrock under triaxial compression by moment tensor analysis of acousticemission[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(4):1069-1086.
[14]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL31-2003水利水电工程钻孔压水试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic ofChina.SL31-2003 Code of water pressure test for water resources andhydropower engineering[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2003.
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50287-2006水力发电工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2008.The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic ofChina.GB 50287-2006 Code for hydropower engineering geologicalinvestigation[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2008.
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