江苏中、南部及邻区地震重新定位及在断层研究中的应用
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摘要
本文分析了地震相对定位的双差法和地壳结构与定位联合反演方法的优势与局限性,在联合反演中用遗传算法最优化,将上述两种方法结合,对江苏省中南部和相邻地区进行地震重新精定位.先对研究区进行地壳结构与定位联合反演,然后用得到的地壳结构,用双差法进行相对定位.就该区主要断层的平面分布及与地震的关系,溧阳6.0级地震、南黄海6.2级地震、常熟—太仓5.1级地震的震源深度与发震构造,常熟-张家港间震群的震源深度进行了分析讨论.
The advantage and disadvantage of Double-Difference(DD) technique and Joint Hypocentral Determination(JHD) technique to locate earthquakes are analyzed.Combining above two methods and applying the Genetic Algorithm(GA) to optimization,we relocated the hypocenters in central and southern Jiangsu province and adjacent areas(29°~34°N,117.5°~122.5°E) in East China.Firstly,we used GA for inversion to get crustal structure of the research area,then using DD to get precise relative locations for 58% original events,and last 42% events were located by GA.The relationship between events and the faults,the correlation of focus-depth and fault of Liyang M6.0 earthquake,southern Yellow Sea M6.2 earthquake,Changshu-Taicang M5.1 earthquake are discussed,the feature of focus-depth of the Changshu-Zhangjiagang swarm is analysed.
The advantage and disadvantage of Double-Difference(DD) technique and Joint Hypocentral Determination(JHD) technique to locate earthquakes are analyzed.Combining above two methods and applying the Genetic Algorithm(GA) to optimization,we relocated the hypocenters in central and southern Jiangsu province and adjacent areas(29°~34°N,117.5°~122.5°E) in East China.Firstly,we used GA for inversion to get crustal structure of the research area,then using DD to get precise relative locations for 58% original events,and last 42% events were located by GA.The relationship between events and the faults,the correlation of focus-depth and fault of Liyang M6.0 earthquake,southern Yellow Sea M6.2 earthquake,Changshu-Taicang M5.1 earthquake are discussed,the feature of focus-depth of the Changshu-Zhangjiagang swarm is analysed.
引文
[1]李乐,陈棋福,陈颙.首都圈地震活动构造成因的小震精定位分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):24~34.Li L,Chen Q F,Chen Y.Relocated seismicity in Big Beijingarea and its tectonic implication[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):24~34.
[2]赖晓玲,刁桂苓,孙译.用近场余震观测资料研究张北地震的发震构造[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):63~67.Lai X L,Diao G L,Shun Y.The study on seismogenicstructure of Zhangbei earthquake using near field after-shockobservation data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):63~67.
[3]周仕勇,许忠淮,韩京,等.主地震定位方法分析以及1997年新疆伽师震群高精度定位[J].地震学报,1999,21(3):258~265.Zhou S Y,Xu Z H,Han J,et al.Analysis on the masterevent method and precise location of the 1997 Jiashi strongearthquake swarm of western China[J].Acta SeismologicalSinica,1999,21(3):258~265.
[4]Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.A double-differenceearthquake location algorithm:method and application to theNorthern Hayward Fault,California[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2000,90:1353~1368.
[5]Menke W,Schaff D.Absolute earthquake locations withdifferential data[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2004,94(6):2254~2264.
[6]Zhang H J,Thurber C H.Double-difference tomography:themethod and its application to the hayward fault,california[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2003,93(5):1875~1889.
[7]Walf C J.On the mathematics of using difference operators torelocate earthquakes[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2002,92:2879~2892.
[8]杨智娴,陈运泰.用双差地震定位法再次精确测定1998年张北-尚义地震序列的震源参数[J].地震学报,2004,26(2):115~120.Yang Z X,Chen Y T.Relocation of the 1998 Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake sequence using the double differenceearthquake location algorithm[J].Acta Seismological Sinica,2004,26(2):115~120.
[9]杨智娴,陈运泰,郑月军,等.双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(S1):129~134.Yang Z X,Chen Y T,Zheng Y J,et al.Accurate relocation ofearthquake location in central-western China using doubledifference earthquake location algorithm.Science in China(Series D).2003,33(Suppl.):129~134.
[10]朱艾斓,徐锡伟,周永胜,等.川西地区小震重新定位及其活动构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):629~636.Zhu A L,Xu X W,Zhou Y S,et al..Relocation of smallearthquakes in western Sichuan,China and its implicationsfor active tectonics[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):629~636.
[11]黄媛,杨建思,张天中.2003年新疆巴楚-伽师地震序列的双差法重新定位研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):162~169.Huang Y,Yang J S,Zhang T Z.Relocation of the Bachu-Jiashi,Xinjiang earthquake sequence in 2003 using thedouble-difference location algorithm[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):162~169.
[12]张天中,武巴特尔,黄媛,等.近台资料对近震相对定位算法的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1123~1130.Zhang T Z,Wu B,Huang Y,et al..Effect of the data recordedat nearby stations on earthquake relative location[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1123~1130.
[13]刘劲松,Chun K Y,Henderson G A,等.双差定位法在地震丛集精确定位中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):137~141.Liu J S,Chun K Y,Henderson G A,et al.Relocation ofearthquake clusters using the double difference technique[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):137~141.
[14]Douglas A.Joint epicenter determination[J].Nature.,1967,215:47~48.
[15]Frohlich C.An efficient method for joint hypocenterdetermination for large groups of earthquakes[J].Computersand Geosciences.,1979,5(3-4):387~389.
[16]Jordan T H,Sverdrup K A.Teleseismic location techniquesand their application to earthquake clusters in the South-Central Pacific[J].Bull Seismol.Soc.Am.,1981,71:1105~1130.
[17]石耀霖.遗传算法在地球物理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(增):367~371.Shi Y L.The application of genetic algorithm on geophysics[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1992,35(Supp.):367~371.
[18]石耀霖,金文.面波频散反演地球内部构造的遗传算法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(2):189~198.Shi Y L,Jin W.The genetic algorithm in inversion of Earth′s interior structure by surface wave dispersion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(2):189~198.
[19]万永革,李清河,李鸿吉,等.用遗传算法确定三维横向不均匀介质中的近震震源位置[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(2):7~14.Wan Y G,Li Q H,Li H J,et al.Hypocenter location of thenear earthquake in 3-D lateral heterogeneous mediumdetermined by using the genetic algorithms[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1997,19(2):7~14.
[20]周民都,张元生,张树勋,等.遗传算法在地震定位中的应用[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(2):167~171.Zhou M D,Zhang Y S,Zhang S X,et al.Application of thegenetic algorithm to seismic location[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,1999,21(2):167~171.
[21]Shearer P,Hauksson E,Lin G.Southern california hypocenterrelocation with waveform cross-correlation.Part 2:results usingsource-specific station terms and cluster analysis[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2005,95(3):904~915.
[22]Richards P G,Waldhauser F,Schaff D P,et al.Theapplicability of modern of earthquake location[J].Pure ApplGeophys.,2006,163:351~372.
[23]国家地震局地学断面编委会.上海奉贤至内蒙古阿拉善左旗地学剖面说明书[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.Geoscience Transect Research Group of CSB.Explanatorynotes of the geoscience transect of shanghai fengxian-neimenggu alashanzuoqi(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1992.
[24]黄耘,李清河,张元生,等.江苏及南黄海地区地震定位和构造特征分析[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):175~185.Huang Y,Li Q H,Zhang Y S,et al.Relocation ofearthquakes in Jiangsu and neighboring areas,China andanalysis of structural features[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2008,51(1):175~185.
[25]梅卫萍,李清河,丁页岭,等.用双子地震相干函数法对常熟震群进行精确相对定位[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(2):123~128.Mei W P,Li Q H,Ding Y L,et al.Accurate RelativeFunction Method[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(2):123~128.
[26]谢瑞征,王恩铭,丁政.茅山地区北西向断裂与溧阳地震关系的再认识[A].见:徐玉明等主编.溧阳地震工作文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1992,110~116.Xie R Z,Wang E M,Ding Z.Re-analysis for the relationbetween NW faults in Maoshan area and LiyangM6.0earthquake.In:Xu Y M,ed.Proceedings of LiyangM6.0earthquake[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992,110~116.
[27]程德利,谢华章,王铮铮,等.南黄海6.2级地震及其地震活动的震前图像特征[J].地震学刊,1985,(1):12~17.Cheng D L,Xie H Z,Wang C C,et al.The image featuresbefore southern Huanghai SeaM6.2 earthquake and itsseismicity[J].Journal of seismology(in Chinese),1985,(1):12~17.
[28]张裕中,顾瑾平,杨彩霞,等.常熟-太仓地震的震源参数[J].地震学刊,1990,(1):81.Zhang Y Z,Gu J P,Yang C X,et al.The source parametersof Changshu-TaichangM5.1 earthquake[J].Journal ofseismology(in Chinese),1990,(1):81.
[29]江苏省地震局分析预报中心.常熟-太仓5.1级地震的综合监测预报过程[J].地震学刊,1990,(4):14~23.The Analysis and Prediction Center of Jiangsu SeismologicalBureau.The monitoring and predicting process forChangshu-Taichang M5.1 earthquake.Journal of seismology(in Chinese),1990,(4):14~23.
[30]Engdahl E R,van der Hilst R,Buland R.Global teleseismicearthquake relocation with improved travel times andprocedures determination[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88:722~743.
[31]Boundar I,Myers S C,Engdahl E R.Bergman E A.Epicenter accuracy based on seismic network criteria[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2004,156:482~496.
[2]赖晓玲,刁桂苓,孙译.用近场余震观测资料研究张北地震的发震构造[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):63~67.Lai X L,Diao G L,Shun Y.The study on seismogenicstructure of Zhangbei earthquake using near field after-shockobservation data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):63~67.
[3]周仕勇,许忠淮,韩京,等.主地震定位方法分析以及1997年新疆伽师震群高精度定位[J].地震学报,1999,21(3):258~265.Zhou S Y,Xu Z H,Han J,et al.Analysis on the masterevent method and precise location of the 1997 Jiashi strongearthquake swarm of western China[J].Acta SeismologicalSinica,1999,21(3):258~265.
[4]Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.A double-differenceearthquake location algorithm:method and application to theNorthern Hayward Fault,California[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2000,90:1353~1368.
[5]Menke W,Schaff D.Absolute earthquake locations withdifferential data[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2004,94(6):2254~2264.
[6]Zhang H J,Thurber C H.Double-difference tomography:themethod and its application to the hayward fault,california[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2003,93(5):1875~1889.
[7]Walf C J.On the mathematics of using difference operators torelocate earthquakes[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2002,92:2879~2892.
[8]杨智娴,陈运泰.用双差地震定位法再次精确测定1998年张北-尚义地震序列的震源参数[J].地震学报,2004,26(2):115~120.Yang Z X,Chen Y T.Relocation of the 1998 Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake sequence using the double differenceearthquake location algorithm[J].Acta Seismological Sinica,2004,26(2):115~120.
[9]杨智娴,陈运泰,郑月军,等.双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(S1):129~134.Yang Z X,Chen Y T,Zheng Y J,et al.Accurate relocation ofearthquake location in central-western China using doubledifference earthquake location algorithm.Science in China(Series D).2003,33(Suppl.):129~134.
[10]朱艾斓,徐锡伟,周永胜,等.川西地区小震重新定位及其活动构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):629~636.Zhu A L,Xu X W,Zhou Y S,et al..Relocation of smallearthquakes in western Sichuan,China and its implicationsfor active tectonics[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):629~636.
[11]黄媛,杨建思,张天中.2003年新疆巴楚-伽师地震序列的双差法重新定位研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):162~169.Huang Y,Yang J S,Zhang T Z.Relocation of the Bachu-Jiashi,Xinjiang earthquake sequence in 2003 using thedouble-difference location algorithm[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):162~169.
[12]张天中,武巴特尔,黄媛,等.近台资料对近震相对定位算法的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1123~1130.Zhang T Z,Wu B,Huang Y,et al..Effect of the data recordedat nearby stations on earthquake relative location[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1123~1130.
[13]刘劲松,Chun K Y,Henderson G A,等.双差定位法在地震丛集精确定位中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):137~141.Liu J S,Chun K Y,Henderson G A,et al.Relocation ofearthquake clusters using the double difference technique[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):137~141.
[14]Douglas A.Joint epicenter determination[J].Nature.,1967,215:47~48.
[15]Frohlich C.An efficient method for joint hypocenterdetermination for large groups of earthquakes[J].Computersand Geosciences.,1979,5(3-4):387~389.
[16]Jordan T H,Sverdrup K A.Teleseismic location techniquesand their application to earthquake clusters in the South-Central Pacific[J].Bull Seismol.Soc.Am.,1981,71:1105~1130.
[17]石耀霖.遗传算法在地球物理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(增):367~371.Shi Y L.The application of genetic algorithm on geophysics[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1992,35(Supp.):367~371.
[18]石耀霖,金文.面波频散反演地球内部构造的遗传算法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(2):189~198.Shi Y L,Jin W.The genetic algorithm in inversion of Earth′s interior structure by surface wave dispersion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(2):189~198.
[19]万永革,李清河,李鸿吉,等.用遗传算法确定三维横向不均匀介质中的近震震源位置[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(2):7~14.Wan Y G,Li Q H,Li H J,et al.Hypocenter location of thenear earthquake in 3-D lateral heterogeneous mediumdetermined by using the genetic algorithms[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1997,19(2):7~14.
[20]周民都,张元生,张树勋,等.遗传算法在地震定位中的应用[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(2):167~171.Zhou M D,Zhang Y S,Zhang S X,et al.Application of thegenetic algorithm to seismic location[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,1999,21(2):167~171.
[21]Shearer P,Hauksson E,Lin G.Southern california hypocenterrelocation with waveform cross-correlation.Part 2:results usingsource-specific station terms and cluster analysis[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2005,95(3):904~915.
[22]Richards P G,Waldhauser F,Schaff D P,et al.Theapplicability of modern of earthquake location[J].Pure ApplGeophys.,2006,163:351~372.
[23]国家地震局地学断面编委会.上海奉贤至内蒙古阿拉善左旗地学剖面说明书[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.Geoscience Transect Research Group of CSB.Explanatorynotes of the geoscience transect of shanghai fengxian-neimenggu alashanzuoqi(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1992.
[24]黄耘,李清河,张元生,等.江苏及南黄海地区地震定位和构造特征分析[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(1):175~185.Huang Y,Li Q H,Zhang Y S,et al.Relocation ofearthquakes in Jiangsu and neighboring areas,China andanalysis of structural features[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2008,51(1):175~185.
[25]梅卫萍,李清河,丁页岭,等.用双子地震相干函数法对常熟震群进行精确相对定位[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(2):123~128.Mei W P,Li Q H,Ding Y L,et al.Accurate RelativeFunction Method[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(2):123~128.
[26]谢瑞征,王恩铭,丁政.茅山地区北西向断裂与溧阳地震关系的再认识[A].见:徐玉明等主编.溧阳地震工作文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1992,110~116.Xie R Z,Wang E M,Ding Z.Re-analysis for the relationbetween NW faults in Maoshan area and LiyangM6.0earthquake.In:Xu Y M,ed.Proceedings of LiyangM6.0earthquake[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992,110~116.
[27]程德利,谢华章,王铮铮,等.南黄海6.2级地震及其地震活动的震前图像特征[J].地震学刊,1985,(1):12~17.Cheng D L,Xie H Z,Wang C C,et al.The image featuresbefore southern Huanghai SeaM6.2 earthquake and itsseismicity[J].Journal of seismology(in Chinese),1985,(1):12~17.
[28]张裕中,顾瑾平,杨彩霞,等.常熟-太仓地震的震源参数[J].地震学刊,1990,(1):81.Zhang Y Z,Gu J P,Yang C X,et al.The source parametersof Changshu-TaichangM5.1 earthquake[J].Journal ofseismology(in Chinese),1990,(1):81.
[29]江苏省地震局分析预报中心.常熟-太仓5.1级地震的综合监测预报过程[J].地震学刊,1990,(4):14~23.The Analysis and Prediction Center of Jiangsu SeismologicalBureau.The monitoring and predicting process forChangshu-Taichang M5.1 earthquake.Journal of seismology(in Chinese),1990,(4):14~23.
[30]Engdahl E R,van der Hilst R,Buland R.Global teleseismicearthquake relocation with improved travel times andprocedures determination[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88:722~743.
[31]Boundar I,Myers S C,Engdahl E R.Bergman E A.Epicenter accuracy based on seismic network criteria[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2004,156:482~496.
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