基于波阻抗反演的天然气水合物地震检测技术
摘要
天然气水合物作为特殊的地质体,可以有效地粘结碎屑颗粒,降低沉积物孔隙度,它的存在改变了地层沉积物的物理性质,造成天然气水合物与围岩速度反差较大,从而与围岩之间存在明显的波阻抗差。为了对地层中是否有天然气水合物赋存进行地震检测,对南海北部神狐海域的天然气水合物赋存区域的地震资料进行波阻抗反演分析,结果显示波阻抗反演方法能够作为探测天然气水合物的一种技术手段,研究区天然气水合物矿体的波阻抗呈高值分布特征,波阻抗值约为3 850~3 960 g/cm3.m/s。综合分析认为,波阻抗反演方法能够用于天然气水合物的地震探测、储层分析和综合研究工作中,反演结果可以为天然气水合物储量计算提供比较准确的矿体面积和厚度参数。
As specific geologic body,gas hydrate can cement effectively clastic particles and reduce porosity of deposition,so its presence changes physical property of the sedimentary strata and results in the difference of seismic-wave velocity between gas hydrate and the surrounding rock,and there exists obviously wave impedance difference.In order to detect the presence of sediments with gas hydrate,seismic data of gas hydrate zone in the Shenhu area of the northern South China Sea were used in the wave impedance inversion through practice,testing and summary.Wave impedance inversion method is considered as a kind of good seismic detection technique for identification of gas hydrates,meanwhile,the wave impedance of gas hydrate zone shows high value in the study area,and the wave impedance value is about 3,850-3,960 g/cm3·m/s.All the results suggested that wave impedance inversion can be used for detection,reservoir analysis and comprehensive research of gas hydrates.The wave impedance inversion results can provide comparatively accurate area and thickness parameters of gas hydrate zone for reserves calculation.
As specific geologic body,gas hydrate can cement effectively clastic particles and reduce porosity of deposition,so its presence changes physical property of the sedimentary strata and results in the difference of seismic-wave velocity between gas hydrate and the surrounding rock,and there exists obviously wave impedance difference.In order to detect the presence of sediments with gas hydrate,seismic data of gas hydrate zone in the Shenhu area of the northern South China Sea were used in the wave impedance inversion through practice,testing and summary.Wave impedance inversion method is considered as a kind of good seismic detection technique for identification of gas hydrates,meanwhile,the wave impedance of gas hydrate zone shows high value in the study area,and the wave impedance value is about 3,850-3,960 g/cm3·m/s.All the results suggested that wave impedance inversion can be used for detection,reservoir analysis and comprehensive research of gas hydrates.The wave impedance inversion results can provide comparatively accurate area and thickness parameters of gas hydrate zone for reserves calculation.
引文
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[3]张光学,黄永样,陈邦彦,等.海域天然气水合物地震学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003:1-254.
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[7]Hyndman R D,Spence G D.Aseismic study of methane hydratemarine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1992,97:6683-6698.
[8]Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A M.Estimating the amount of gas hy-drate and free gas from marine seismic data[J].Geophysics,2000,65:565-573.
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[11]Shiply TH.Seismic evidence for widespread possible gas hydratehorizons on continental slopes and rises[J].AAPG Bulletin,1979,63:2204-2213.
[12]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华,等.天然气水合物地震空白带现象正演模型研究[J].地学前缘,2003,9(1):199-204.
[13]Singh Satish C,Minshull Timothy A.Velocity structure of a gashydrate reflector at Ocean Drilling Program Site 889 from a globalseismic waveform inversion[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search:Solid Earth and Planets,1994,99:221-233.
[14]Ewing J I,Hollister C H.Regional aspects of deep sea drilling inthe western North Atlantic:Initial Reports of Deep Sea DrillingProject[M].Washington:Government Printing Office,1972:951-971.
[15]Tucholke B E,Bryan G M,Ewing J I.Gas-hydrate horizons de-tected in seismic-profile data from the western North Atlantic[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1977,61:698-707.
[16]张光学.海底气体水合物BSR的AVO模拟[J].海洋地质,2001,42(2):54-60.
[17]王淑红,宋海滨,颜文,等.天然气水合物稳定带的计算方法与参数选择探讨[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):101-107.
[18]Andreassen K,Hart P E,Grantz A.Seismic studies of a bottomsimulating reflection related to gas hydrate beneath the continentalmargin of the Beaufort Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search:Solid Earth and Planets,1995,100:659-673.
[19]Katzman R,Holbrook W S,Paull C K.Combined vertical-inci-dence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone,BlakeRidge[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth andPlanets,1994,99:975-995.
[20]Schnurle KP,Liu C S,Hsiuan TH,et al.Characteristics of gashydrate and free gas offshore southwestern Taiwan from a com-bined MCS/OBS data analysis[J].Marine Geophysical Re-search,2004,25:157-180.
[21]Tinivella U,Accaino F,Della Vedova B.Gas hydrates and ac-tive mud volcanism on the South Shetland continental margin,Antarctic Peninsula[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2008,28:97-106.
[22]Zelt C A,Smith R B.Seismic travel time inversion for2D crustalvelocity structure[J].Geophysical Journal International,1992,108:16-34.
[2]李正文,赵志超.地震勘探资料解释[M].北京:地质出版社,1988:1-100.
[3]张光学,黄永样,陈邦彦,等.海域天然气水合物地震学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003:1-254.
[4]宋海斌,张岭,江为为,等.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅲ):似海底反射[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(2):182-187.
[5]Miller J J,Myung W L,Von Huene R.An analysis of a reflec-tion from the base of a gas hydrate zone of Peru[J].AmericanAssociation of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1991,75:910-924.
[6]刘学伟,李敏锋,张聿文,等.天然气水合物地震响应研究——中国南海HD152测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):33-38.
[7]Hyndman R D,Spence G D.Aseismic study of methane hydratemarine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1992,97:6683-6698.
[8]Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A M.Estimating the amount of gas hy-drate and free gas from marine seismic data[J].Geophysics,2000,65:565-573.
[9]Lee M W.Seismic character of gas hydrates on the southeasternU.S.continental margin[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1993,16:163-184.
[10]马在田,耿建华,董良国,等.海洋天然气水合物的地震识别方法研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(1):1-8.
[11]Shiply TH.Seismic evidence for widespread possible gas hydratehorizons on continental slopes and rises[J].AAPG Bulletin,1979,63:2204-2213.
[12]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华,等.天然气水合物地震空白带现象正演模型研究[J].地学前缘,2003,9(1):199-204.
[13]Singh Satish C,Minshull Timothy A.Velocity structure of a gashydrate reflector at Ocean Drilling Program Site 889 from a globalseismic waveform inversion[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search:Solid Earth and Planets,1994,99:221-233.
[14]Ewing J I,Hollister C H.Regional aspects of deep sea drilling inthe western North Atlantic:Initial Reports of Deep Sea DrillingProject[M].Washington:Government Printing Office,1972:951-971.
[15]Tucholke B E,Bryan G M,Ewing J I.Gas-hydrate horizons de-tected in seismic-profile data from the western North Atlantic[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1977,61:698-707.
[16]张光学.海底气体水合物BSR的AVO模拟[J].海洋地质,2001,42(2):54-60.
[17]王淑红,宋海滨,颜文,等.天然气水合物稳定带的计算方法与参数选择探讨[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):101-107.
[18]Andreassen K,Hart P E,Grantz A.Seismic studies of a bottomsimulating reflection related to gas hydrate beneath the continentalmargin of the Beaufort Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search:Solid Earth and Planets,1995,100:659-673.
[19]Katzman R,Holbrook W S,Paull C K.Combined vertical-inci-dence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone,BlakeRidge[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth andPlanets,1994,99:975-995.
[20]Schnurle KP,Liu C S,Hsiuan TH,et al.Characteristics of gashydrate and free gas offshore southwestern Taiwan from a com-bined MCS/OBS data analysis[J].Marine Geophysical Re-search,2004,25:157-180.
[21]Tinivella U,Accaino F,Della Vedova B.Gas hydrates and ac-tive mud volcanism on the South Shetland continental margin,Antarctic Peninsula[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2008,28:97-106.
[22]Zelt C A,Smith R B.Seismic travel time inversion for2D crustalvelocity structure[J].Geophysical Journal International,1992,108:16-34.
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