爆破作用对地下金属矿山围岩稳定性的影响
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摘要
为分析爆破作用对地下金属矿山围岩稳定性的影响,截取夏甸金矿具有代表性的VII–2矿体剖面,利用光纤光栅传感器对现场爆破作用下的围岩应变进行监测;同时,利用现场取得的爆破地震波,结合夏甸金矿的实际开采状况,对爆破作用下围岩的稳定性进行数值模拟计算。依据数值模拟计算结果对围岩监测点的布置位置进行优化。研究结果表明,光纤光栅传感器能够有效地监测到爆破作用造成的围岩微应变,利用光纤光栅进行矿山围岩稳定性监测是可行的。爆破作用对自身巷道的影响最大,巷道近区围岩的应力和安全系数变化较大,但对相邻巷道的围岩稳定性影响较小。依据爆破前后巷道的位移、应力、加速度和速度变化规律,在布设传感器监测点时将规律点和关键点相结合,定期监测和长期监测相结合,并适当增设补充点,能够对巷道监测关键点的布置进行有效优化,提高监测的针对性。
In order to study the effect of blasting on the stability of surrounding rockmass in underground metallic mine,fiber grating sensing system is used to monitor the strain of the surrounding rockmass on the effect of the blasting on a typical cross-section VII–2 in Xiadian Gold Mine.Combined with the practical exploration approaching,the stability of surrounding rock is computed using the earthquake wave achieved from the site.According to the result of the numerical simulation,the layout of the sensors is optimized.The presented work shows the fiber grating sensing system is able to monitor the micro-strain of the surrounding rockmass caused by blasting.It is feasible that using the fiber grating sensing system to monitor the stability of surrounding rock in underground metallic mine can be adopted.The effect of blasting to the exploded tunnel is larger than nearby tunnels.The stress and the coefficient of the nearby surrounding rock are changed and attenuated by the distance.When disposing the monitoring point of sensors,the regular point is combined with the key point,and periodical monitor is combined with the long-term monitoring.According to the change regularity of the displacement,stress,acceleration and velocity of tunnels before and after exploded,the layout of the key monitoring point is optimized which will improve the aim of monitor.
In order to study the effect of blasting on the stability of surrounding rockmass in underground metallic mine,fiber grating sensing system is used to monitor the strain of the surrounding rockmass on the effect of the blasting on a typical cross-section VII–2 in Xiadian Gold Mine.Combined with the practical exploration approaching,the stability of surrounding rock is computed using the earthquake wave achieved from the site.According to the result of the numerical simulation,the layout of the sensors is optimized.The presented work shows the fiber grating sensing system is able to monitor the micro-strain of the surrounding rockmass caused by blasting.It is feasible that using the fiber grating sensing system to monitor the stability of surrounding rock in underground metallic mine can be adopted.The effect of blasting to the exploded tunnel is larger than nearby tunnels.The stress and the coefficient of the nearby surrounding rock are changed and attenuated by the distance.When disposing the monitoring point of sensors,the regular point is combined with the key point,and periodical monitor is combined with the long-term monitoring.According to the change regularity of the displacement,stress,acceleration and velocity of tunnels before and after exploded,the layout of the key monitoring point is optimized which will improve the aim of monitor.
引文
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[10]言志信,王永和,江平,等.爆破地震测试及建筑结构安全标准研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 907–1 911.(YAN Zhixin,WANG Yonghe,JIANG Ping,et al.Study on measurement of blast-induced seism and building safety criteria[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 907–1 911.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(CAI Meifeng,HE Manchao,LIU Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[12]YANG F,MA F H,XU J,et al.Monitoring deformation of mining subsidence area by geo-robot[C]//International Symposium on Land Subsidence(SISOLS 2005).Shanghai:[s.n.],2005:454–459.
[13]梁正召,唐春安,张永彬,等.岩石三维破裂过程的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):931–936.(LIANG Zhengzhao,TANG Chun′an,ZHANG Yongbin,et al.3D numerical simulation of failure process of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):931–936.(in Chinese))
[14]赵星光,邱海涛.光纤Bragg光栅传感技术在隧道监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):587–593.(ZHAO Xingguang,QIU Haitao.Application of fiber Bragg grating sensing technology to tunnel monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):587–593.(in Chinese))
[15]杨苏杭,梁斌,顾金才,等.锚固洞室抗爆模型试验锚索预应力变化特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3 749–3 756.(YANG Suhang,LIANG Bin,GU Jincai,et al.Research on characteristics of prestress change of anchorage cable in anti-explosion model test of anchored cavern[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3 749–3 756.(in Chinese))
[2]张雪亮,黄树棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.(ZHANG Xueliang,HUANG Shutang.Effect of blasting ground vibration[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1981.(in Chinese))
[3]李存国,王润生,王玲.爆破地震效应对临近建筑物的影响[J].云南冶金,2006,35(3):10–13.(LI Cunguo,WANG Runsheng,WANG Ling.Influence of the blasting seismic effects on nearby buildings[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,2006,35(3):10–13.(in Chinese))
[4]许增会,宋宏伟,赵坚.地震对隧道围岩稳定性影响的数值模拟分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1):41–44.(XU Zenghui,SONG Hongwei,ZHAO Jian.Numerical analysis of stability of tunnel surrounding rocks under earthquake[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(1):41–44.(in Chinese))
[5]RATHORE S S,JAIN S C.Impact study of ground vibration due to blasting in Bauxite mining area near Kutch[J].The Indian Mining and Engineering Journal,2006,45(8):33–36.
[6]何姣云,张世雄.露天转地下开采爆破振动的现场监测与分析[J].西部探矿工程,2006,18(6):159–161.(HE Jiaoyun,ZHANG Shixiong.Monitoring and analysis of blast vibration for transforming opencast mining into underground mining[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,18(6):159–161.(in Chinese))
[7]王金安,刘航,李铁.临近断层开采动力危险区划分数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学工程学报,2007,26(1):28–35.(WANG Jin′an,LIU Hang,LI Tie.Study on numerical simulation of dynamic risk regionalization during exploitation approaching to faults[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):28–35.(in Chinese))
[8]ZHANG Z X,NAARTTIJAERVI T.Reducing ground vibrations caused by underground blasts in LKAB Malmberget mine[J].Fragblast,2005,9(2):61–78.
[9]朱万成,左宇军,尚世明,等.动态扰动触发深部巷道发生失稳破裂的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):915–921.(ZHU Wancheng,ZUO Yujun,SHANG Shiming,et al.Numerical simulation of instable failure of deep rock tunnel triggered by dynamic disturbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):915–921.(in Chinese))
[10]言志信,王永和,江平,等.爆破地震测试及建筑结构安全标准研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 907–1 911.(YAN Zhixin,WANG Yonghe,JIANG Ping,et al.Study on measurement of blast-induced seism and building safety criteria[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 907–1 911.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(CAI Meifeng,HE Manchao,LIU Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[12]YANG F,MA F H,XU J,et al.Monitoring deformation of mining subsidence area by geo-robot[C]//International Symposium on Land Subsidence(SISOLS 2005).Shanghai:[s.n.],2005:454–459.
[13]梁正召,唐春安,张永彬,等.岩石三维破裂过程的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):931–936.(LIANG Zhengzhao,TANG Chun′an,ZHANG Yongbin,et al.3D numerical simulation of failure process of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):931–936.(in Chinese))
[14]赵星光,邱海涛.光纤Bragg光栅传感技术在隧道监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):587–593.(ZHAO Xingguang,QIU Haitao.Application of fiber Bragg grating sensing technology to tunnel monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):587–593.(in Chinese))
[15]杨苏杭,梁斌,顾金才,等.锚固洞室抗爆模型试验锚索预应力变化特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3 749–3 756.(YANG Suhang,LIANG Bin,GU Jincai,et al.Research on characteristics of prestress change of anchorage cable in anti-explosion model test of anchored cavern[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3 749–3 756.(in Chinese))
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