祁连山北缘—河西走廊地区大地形变与地震的关系
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摘要
河西走廊—祁连山北缘地区地处青藏高原北缘,受印度板块与欧亚板块中生代末—新生代早期的碰撞及持续至今的向北推挤作用的远程效应的影响,该地区是现今的地壳活动地区,其中地壳形变是最主要的表现形式。地壳形变监测显示,隆起区垂直位移速率最大可达15mm/a,沉降区最大位移速率为-15mm/a。祁连山和河西走廊的相对隆升变化与该区地震具有密切的关系,河西走廊相对下降、祁连山相对隆升的后期是地震多发时期,河西走廊相对隆升、祁连山相对下降的后期是地震少发时期,这与该区处于挤压体制下的区域构造背景密切相关。GPS水平位移监测显示,河西走廊—祁连山北缘地区全区都一致向东位移,且位移速率非常大,大者大于10mm/a;位移速率具有南部大于北部、东部大于西部的特点,水平位移速率变化与现代活动断裂具有非常密切的关系,并以主要断裂构造为区带的边界;水平位移速率矢量与2002年玉门地震的震源机制解所显示的沿地震破裂面发生的滑动方向非常一致。
Northern Qilianshan margin-Hexi Corridor area is situated in the northern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plteau. Because of the collision of the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate from late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic and their long-distance effect of the con- tinuous compression up to now, northern Qilianshan margin-Hexi Corridor area is a strong present crustal movement zone, and geodetic deformation is one of the main forms of the movement. The geodetic deformation monitoring shows the largest vertical deformation rate is +15mm/a in upwelling area and -15mm/a in subsidence area. The relative changes of the upwelling and subsidence between the Qilianshan and Hexi Corridor are related to the earthquakes in the area. When the Hexi Corridor area is subsiding and Qilianshan area is upwelling, there are many earthquake activities, while the Hexi corridor area is upwelling and Qilianshan area is subsiding, there are few earthquake activities. That is a result from the tectonic setting of compression stress field. The GPS horizontal crustal displacement monitoring shows that the horizontal crustal displacement is toward the East and the displacement rate is rapid (the fastest rate is more than 10mm/a). And the horizontal deformation rate changes more in the southern part than in the northern part, more in the eastern part than in the western part. The changes of the horizontal deformation rate are related to the active faults and the different rate zone divided by the main active fault as boundary. Vector of the horizontal crustal displacement is identical to the glide direction along the seismic fracture shown by mechanism interpretation of the quake-source on 2002, Yumen earthquake.
Northern Qilianshan margin-Hexi Corridor area is situated in the northern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plteau. Because of the collision of the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate from late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic and their long-distance effect of the con- tinuous compression up to now, northern Qilianshan margin-Hexi Corridor area is a strong present crustal movement zone, and geodetic deformation is one of the main forms of the movement. The geodetic deformation monitoring shows the largest vertical deformation rate is +15mm/a in upwelling area and -15mm/a in subsidence area. The relative changes of the upwelling and subsidence between the Qilianshan and Hexi Corridor are related to the earthquakes in the area. When the Hexi Corridor area is subsiding and Qilianshan area is upwelling, there are many earthquake activities, while the Hexi corridor area is upwelling and Qilianshan area is subsiding, there are few earthquake activities. That is a result from the tectonic setting of compression stress field. The GPS horizontal crustal displacement monitoring shows that the horizontal crustal displacement is toward the East and the displacement rate is rapid (the fastest rate is more than 10mm/a). And the horizontal deformation rate changes more in the southern part than in the northern part, more in the eastern part than in the western part. The changes of the horizontal deformation rate are related to the active faults and the different rate zone divided by the main active fault as boundary. Vector of the horizontal crustal displacement is identical to the glide direction along the seismic fracture shown by mechanism interpretation of the quake-source on 2002, Yumen earthquake.
引文
[1]时振梁,环文林,谢原定.河西走廊西部的活动断层与地震[C]//中国活动断裂.北京:地震出版社,1982:212-218.
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[3]才树华,向宏发,李伯栋,等.祁连山北缘断裂带中段全新世活动特征及其与地震的关系[C]//中法合作活断层对比研究.北京:地震出版社,1993:113-122.
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[6]刘百篪,李清河,刘小凤.祁连山活动地块东北部活动构造的定量研究与大震危险性分析[J].西北地震学报,2000,24(1):27-34.
[7]闵伟,张培震,何文贵,等.酒西盆地断层活动特征及古地震研究[J].地震地质,2002,24(1):35-44.
[8]何文贵,郑文俊,赵广堃,等.2002年12月14日玉门5.9级地震发震构造研究[J].地震地质,2004,26(4):688-697.
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[13]王双绪,江在森,张四新.祁连山-河西走廊现今垂直形变场特征与区域构造应力场[J].地壳形变与地震,1997,17(1):45-51.
[14]刘峡,黄立人,杨国华,等.北祁连-河西走廊地区垂直形变与构造应力场关系的初步研究[J].地震地质,2003,25(2):307-316.
[15]尹安.喜马拉雅-青藏高原造山带地质演化[J].地球学报,2001,22(3):193-230.
[16]朱弟成,潘桂棠,莫宣学,等.印度大陆和欧亚大陆的碰撞时代[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):564-571.
[17]莫宣学,赵志丹,周肃,等.印度-亚洲大陆的碰撞时限[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1240-1244.
[18]葛肖红,刘俊来.北祁连造山带的形成与背景[J].地学前缘,1999,6(4):223-230.
[19]宋春晖,方小敏,李吉均,等.青藏高原北缘酒西盆地13Ma以来沉积演化与构造隆升[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(增刊):155-162.
[20]宋春晖,孙淑荣,方小敏,等.酒西盆地晚新生代沉积物重矿物分析与高原北部隆升[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):552-559.
[21]方小敏,赵志军,李吉均,等.祁连山北缘老君庙背斜晚新生代磁性地层与青藏高原隆升[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,34(2):97-106.
[22]陆洁民,郭召杰,赵泽辉,等.新生代酒西盆地沉积特征及其与祁连山隆升关系的研究[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(1):50-61.
[23]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.昌马活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[24]陈汉林,杨树锋,肖安成,等.酒泉盆地南缘新生代冲断带的变形特征和变形时间[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(4):488-494.
[25]杨树锋,陈汉林,程晓敏,等.祁连山北缘冲断带的特征和空间变化规律[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):211-221.
[26]陈柏林,刘建民,刘建生,等.高台车站断裂全新世活动特征[J].地质学报,2006,80(4):497-507.
[27]陈柏林,王春宇,宫玉良,等.关于河西走廊盆地榆木山北缘断裂晚第四纪活动特征的新认识[J].地质通报,2007,26(8):976-983.
[28]徐锡伟,Tapponnier P,Woerd J V D,等.阿尔金断裂带晚第四纪左旋走滑速率及其构造运动转换模式讨论[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(10):967-974.
[29]陈正乐,万景林,王小凤,等.阿尔金断裂带8Ma左右的快速走滑及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2002,23(4):295-300.
[30]陈柏林,刘建生,王春宇,等.阿尔金断裂昌马大坝-宽滩山段全新世活动特征[J].地质学报,2008,82(4):433-440.
[31]陈文彬.河西走廊及邻区最新构造变形基本特征及构造成因分析[D].中国地震局地质研究所博士论文,2003.
[2]Pcltzer G,Tapponnier P,Gaudemer Y,et al.昌马断裂的晚第四纪地貌断错、滑动速率及大地震重复[C]//中法合作活断层对比研究.北京:地震出版社,1993:123-143.
[3]才树华,向宏发,李伯栋,等.祁连山北缘断裂带中段全新世活动特征及其与地震的关系[C]//中法合作活断层对比研究.北京:地震出版社,1993:113-122.
[4]戴华光,陈志泰,向宏发,等.祁连山-河西走廊地区地震形变带研究[C]//中法合作活断层对比研究.北京:地震出版社,1993:177-188.
[5]虢顺民,向宏发,黄昭,等.祁连山-河西走廊断裂带与地震[C]//中法合作活断层对比研究.北京:地震出版社,1993:94-102.
[6]刘百篪,李清河,刘小凤.祁连山活动地块东北部活动构造的定量研究与大震危险性分析[J].西北地震学报,2000,24(1):27-34.
[7]闵伟,张培震,何文贵,等.酒西盆地断层活动特征及古地震研究[J].地震地质,2002,24(1):35-44.
[8]何文贵,郑文俊,赵广堃,等.2002年12月14日玉门5.9级地震发震构造研究[J].地震地质,2004,26(4):688-697.
[9]陈柏林,刘建生,张永双,等.玉门断裂全新世活动特征及其与玉门地震的关系[J].地质论评,2005,51(2):138-142.
[10]国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所.祁连山-河西走廊活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:1-340.
[11]江在森,丁平,王双绪,等.中国西部大地形变监测与地震预报[M].北京:地震出版社,2001.
[12]江在森,杨国华,张晶,等.GPS观测技术在地震短期预报中的应用研究[C]//中国地震局监测预报司.GPS、卫星遥感、地球变化磁场地震短期预测方法研究.北京:地震出版社,2006:1-72.
[13]王双绪,江在森,张四新.祁连山-河西走廊现今垂直形变场特征与区域构造应力场[J].地壳形变与地震,1997,17(1):45-51.
[14]刘峡,黄立人,杨国华,等.北祁连-河西走廊地区垂直形变与构造应力场关系的初步研究[J].地震地质,2003,25(2):307-316.
[15]尹安.喜马拉雅-青藏高原造山带地质演化[J].地球学报,2001,22(3):193-230.
[16]朱弟成,潘桂棠,莫宣学,等.印度大陆和欧亚大陆的碰撞时代[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):564-571.
[17]莫宣学,赵志丹,周肃,等.印度-亚洲大陆的碰撞时限[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1240-1244.
[18]葛肖红,刘俊来.北祁连造山带的形成与背景[J].地学前缘,1999,6(4):223-230.
[19]宋春晖,方小敏,李吉均,等.青藏高原北缘酒西盆地13Ma以来沉积演化与构造隆升[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(增刊):155-162.
[20]宋春晖,孙淑荣,方小敏,等.酒西盆地晚新生代沉积物重矿物分析与高原北部隆升[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):552-559.
[21]方小敏,赵志军,李吉均,等.祁连山北缘老君庙背斜晚新生代磁性地层与青藏高原隆升[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,34(2):97-106.
[22]陆洁民,郭召杰,赵泽辉,等.新生代酒西盆地沉积特征及其与祁连山隆升关系的研究[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(1):50-61.
[23]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.昌马活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[24]陈汉林,杨树锋,肖安成,等.酒泉盆地南缘新生代冲断带的变形特征和变形时间[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(4):488-494.
[25]杨树锋,陈汉林,程晓敏,等.祁连山北缘冲断带的特征和空间变化规律[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):211-221.
[26]陈柏林,刘建民,刘建生,等.高台车站断裂全新世活动特征[J].地质学报,2006,80(4):497-507.
[27]陈柏林,王春宇,宫玉良,等.关于河西走廊盆地榆木山北缘断裂晚第四纪活动特征的新认识[J].地质通报,2007,26(8):976-983.
[28]徐锡伟,Tapponnier P,Woerd J V D,等.阿尔金断裂带晚第四纪左旋走滑速率及其构造运动转换模式讨论[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(10):967-974.
[29]陈正乐,万景林,王小凤,等.阿尔金断裂带8Ma左右的快速走滑及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2002,23(4):295-300.
[30]陈柏林,刘建生,王春宇,等.阿尔金断裂昌马大坝-宽滩山段全新世活动特征[J].地质学报,2008,82(4):433-440.
[31]陈文彬.河西走廊及邻区最新构造变形基本特征及构造成因分析[D].中国地震局地质研究所博士论文,2003.
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