无机纳米粒子填充聚合物复合材料微观结构定量描述
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摘要
分析了无机纳米粒子填充聚合物复合材料微观结构的两个重要评价参数——纳米粒子粒径和纳米粒子在聚合物基体中的分布均匀性。阐述了无机纳米粒子填充聚合物复合材料微观结构定量描述的重要性。综述了国内外聚合物复合材料中无机粒子分散水平的定量描述方法,主要包括统计方法、分形理论、群子理论和其他定量描述方法。展示了随着计算机图形技术的发展,无机纳米聚合物复合材料的微观结构可以用数字图像处理和数学方法结合进行定量表征。
This article analyzed two important parameters of the microstructure of inorganic nanoparticles filled polymer composites,which were particle size and degree of dispersion. Various approaches to the degree of dispersion of the nanoparticles in polymer composites were introduced,including statistical method,fractal theory,the group sub-theory,and other quantitative methods. With computer graph technology,such dispersion could be quantitatively described by a combination of digital image processing and mathematical method.
This article analyzed two important parameters of the microstructure of inorganic nanoparticles filled polymer composites,which were particle size and degree of dispersion. Various approaches to the degree of dispersion of the nanoparticles in polymer composites were introduced,including statistical method,fractal theory,the group sub-theory,and other quantitative methods. With computer graph technology,such dispersion could be quantitatively described by a combination of digital image processing and mathematical method.
引文
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[4]孙坚.纳米碳酸钙在聚苯乙烯中分散规律的研究[D].浙江工业大学化工与材料学院,2005.
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[12]Liang J.Z..Evaluation of Dispersion of Nano-CaCO3Particles in Polypropylene Matrix Based on Fractal Method[J].Composites,2007,38:1502-1506.
[13]Claude T..A Model for Rough Surfaces[J].Composites Science and Technology,2003,63:1089-1096.
[14]Eric S.,Samd G.,Lionel C..Model Development for the Description of Silica Particles Dispersion in Silicone Polymer[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2006,61:5664-5677.
[15]Rieker T.P.,Hindermann B.M.,Ehrburger D.F..Small Angle X-ray Scattering Study of the Morphology of Carbon Black Mass Fractal Aggregates in Polymeric Composites[J].Langmuir,2000,16(13):5588-5592.
[16]Ghanbari K.,Mousavi M.F.,Shamsipur M.,et al.Change in Morphology of Polyaniline/Graphite Composite:A Fractal Di mension Approach[J].Synthetic Metals,2006,156:911-916.
[17]金日光.模糊群子论[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学出版社,1985.1.
[18]金日光.第四统计力学——JRG群子统计理论的现状与展望[J].北京化工学院学报,1993,20(3):12-25.
[19]金日光,杨建.有机-无机烧结“合金型”材料的孔径和晶粒粒径分布及其群子模型[J].北京化工学院学报,1988,15(1):22-29.
[20]金日光,舒文艺,励杭泉.PVC/PP共混体系的分散相形态与流变性能关系的群子模型讨论[J].1992,19(2):25-30.
[21]江涛.纳米Si O2/弹性体增韧聚丙烯共混体系的性能及力学性能与群子参数关系的研究[D].北京化工大学材料学院,2003.
[22]权英.有机高分子/无机纳米复合粒子改性高分子材料的力学性能、相态与群子标度之间关系的研究[D].北京化工大学材料学院,2002.
[23]Takashi K.,Jeffrey F.,Jack F.D.,et al.Relationship Between Dispersion Metric and Properties of PMMA/SWNT Nanocomposites[J].Polymer,2007,48:4855-4866.
[24]梁基照.无机纳米粒子在聚合物熔体中分散机理及表征[J].现代塑料加工应用,2005,17(2):57-59.
[25]Kessier H..Modell Zum Stationaren und Instationaren Mischenin Konwentionellen Einschneckenextrudem:Dis-sertation[D].Paderbom:Universitat Paderbom,1991.
[26]Lozano T.,Lafleur P.G..Effect of Filler Dispersion on Polypropylene Morphology[J].Polymer Eng.Sci.,2004,44(5):880-890.
[27]Wu D.Y.,Gao D.C.,Sheridan C.M.,et al.X-ray Ultra Microscopy:A New Method for Observation and Measurement of Filler Dispersion in Thermoplastic Com-posites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2008,68(1):178-185.
[2]张霭珠,陈力君.定量分析方法[M].上海:复旦出版社,2003.1.
[3]王传洋,谢志民,黄汉雄.图象分析技术在聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料微观结构形态研究中的应用[J].塑料工业,2003,31(2):45-47.
[4]孙坚.纳米碳酸钙在聚苯乙烯中分散规律的研究[D].浙江工业大学化工与材料学院,2005.
[5]陈顼,陈凌.分形几何学[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.1.
[6]徐涛,雷华,于杰,等.滑石粉填充PP材料中颗粒分布分形特征及其与冲击性能的关系[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2002,18(1):135-139.
[7]李鸿利,吴大鸣,牟勇强.利用分形评定无机粒子/高聚物体系的分散效果[J].工程塑料应用,2004,(12):48-50.
[8]郁可,郑中山.粉体粒度分布的分形特征[J].材料研究学报,1995,9(6):539-542.
[9]陈芳,赵学增,聂鹏,等.基于分形的纳米复合材料分散相分散均匀性描述[J].塑料工业,2004,32(1):50-53.
[10]聂鹏,陈芳,赵学增,等.纳米复合材料分散相粒度分布评价[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报,2004,2(1):46-49.
[11]李平,胡可乐,汪秉宏.多重分形谱在材料分析中的应用研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2004,36(1):77-81.
[12]Liang J.Z..Evaluation of Dispersion of Nano-CaCO3Particles in Polypropylene Matrix Based on Fractal Method[J].Composites,2007,38:1502-1506.
[13]Claude T..A Model for Rough Surfaces[J].Composites Science and Technology,2003,63:1089-1096.
[14]Eric S.,Samd G.,Lionel C..Model Development for the Description of Silica Particles Dispersion in Silicone Polymer[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2006,61:5664-5677.
[15]Rieker T.P.,Hindermann B.M.,Ehrburger D.F..Small Angle X-ray Scattering Study of the Morphology of Carbon Black Mass Fractal Aggregates in Polymeric Composites[J].Langmuir,2000,16(13):5588-5592.
[16]Ghanbari K.,Mousavi M.F.,Shamsipur M.,et al.Change in Morphology of Polyaniline/Graphite Composite:A Fractal Di mension Approach[J].Synthetic Metals,2006,156:911-916.
[17]金日光.模糊群子论[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学出版社,1985.1.
[18]金日光.第四统计力学——JRG群子统计理论的现状与展望[J].北京化工学院学报,1993,20(3):12-25.
[19]金日光,杨建.有机-无机烧结“合金型”材料的孔径和晶粒粒径分布及其群子模型[J].北京化工学院学报,1988,15(1):22-29.
[20]金日光,舒文艺,励杭泉.PVC/PP共混体系的分散相形态与流变性能关系的群子模型讨论[J].1992,19(2):25-30.
[21]江涛.纳米Si O2/弹性体增韧聚丙烯共混体系的性能及力学性能与群子参数关系的研究[D].北京化工大学材料学院,2003.
[22]权英.有机高分子/无机纳米复合粒子改性高分子材料的力学性能、相态与群子标度之间关系的研究[D].北京化工大学材料学院,2002.
[23]Takashi K.,Jeffrey F.,Jack F.D.,et al.Relationship Between Dispersion Metric and Properties of PMMA/SWNT Nanocomposites[J].Polymer,2007,48:4855-4866.
[24]梁基照.无机纳米粒子在聚合物熔体中分散机理及表征[J].现代塑料加工应用,2005,17(2):57-59.
[25]Kessier H..Modell Zum Stationaren und Instationaren Mischenin Konwentionellen Einschneckenextrudem:Dis-sertation[D].Paderbom:Universitat Paderbom,1991.
[26]Lozano T.,Lafleur P.G..Effect of Filler Dispersion on Polypropylene Morphology[J].Polymer Eng.Sci.,2004,44(5):880-890.
[27]Wu D.Y.,Gao D.C.,Sheridan C.M.,et al.X-ray Ultra Microscopy:A New Method for Observation and Measurement of Filler Dispersion in Thermoplastic Com-posites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2008,68(1):178-185.
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