黄土湿陷机理研究现状及有关问题探讨
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摘要
黄土湿陷性问题由来已久。20世纪60-80年代,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和物化分析技术,黄土湿陷机理的结构理论获得了发展和完善,当时,由于不能提供定量的力学参数而很少应用于工程建设。随着土工试验技术的进步以及土力学理论的发展,克服传统的黄土湿陷机理研究方法的不足成为可能。本文首先论述了黄土湿陷性研究的力学属性;其次,提出了黄土的广义湿陷概念;最后,从非饱和土力学角度对黄土湿陷机理研究的有关问题进行了讨论和分析。
Loess hydrocompaction has been discussed for a long time.During the 1960s～1980s,with the application of SEM and mineral analysis,the micro-structure theory of loess hydrocompaction was developed and improved,but it has rarely been used in engineering numerical analysis because it failed to supply related force/stress parameters.Progress in soil engineering and soil mechanics makes it possible to find a new way to study the loess hydrocompaction.This paper discusses mechanical attribute of loess hydrocompaction and proposes a concept of generalized loess hydrocompaction.An analysis is made on some issues about study on hydrocompaction from the viewpoint of unsaturated soil mechanics,and finally a case study is given.
Loess hydrocompaction has been discussed for a long time.During the 1960s～1980s,with the application of SEM and mineral analysis,the micro-structure theory of loess hydrocompaction was developed and improved,but it has rarely been used in engineering numerical analysis because it failed to supply related force/stress parameters.Progress in soil engineering and soil mechanics makes it possible to find a new way to study the loess hydrocompaction.This paper discusses mechanical attribute of loess hydrocompaction and proposes a concept of generalized loess hydrocompaction.An analysis is made on some issues about study on hydrocompaction from the viewpoint of unsaturated soil mechanics,and finally a case study is given.
引文
[1]孙建中.黄土的湿陷性及其与湿度的关系[J].水文地质工程地质,1957,(11):18~21.SUN Jian-zhong.Collapsibility of loess soil and the relationship with humidity[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1957,(11):18~21.
[2]孙广忠.中国西北几个地区黄土性质的初步研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1957,(5):1~8.SUN Guang-zhong.Preliminary study on properties of loess in northwestern China[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1957,(5):1~8.
[3]郭见杨.关于湿陷原因的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1958,(4):8~11.GUO Jian-yang.Study on collapse mechanism[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1958,(4):8~11.
[4]林在贯,舒天开.西北黄土之湿陷性之初步探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,1958,(4):1~7.LIN Zai-guan,SHU Tian-kai.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1958,(4):1~7.
[5]林崇义.黄土的结构特性[M].北京,科学出版社,1962.LIN Chong-yi.Structural properties of loess soil[M].Beijing:Science Press,1962.
[6]张宗祜.我国黄土类土显微结构的研究[J].地质学报,1964,44(3):357~370.ZHANG Zong-you.Study on the microstructure of loess soil in China[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1964,44(3):357~370.
[7]高国瑞.兰州黄土显微结构和湿陷机理的探讨[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1972,(2):123~134.GAO Guo-rui.Research on the microstructure and collapsible mechanism of loess soil in Lanzhou Province[J].Journal of LanzhouUniversity(Natural Sciences),1972,(2):123~134.
[8]高国瑞.中国黄土的微结构[J].科学通报,1980,(20):945~948.GAO Guo-rui.Microstructure of loess soil in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1980,(20):945~948.
[9]高国瑞.黄土的显微结构分类与湿陷性[J].中国科学,1980,(12):1203~1208.GAO Guo-rui.Microtexture type and collapsibility of loess soil[J].Science in China,1980,(12):1203~1208.
[10]高国瑞.中国黄土的微结构与地理、地质环境的关系[J].地质学报,1984,58(3):265~272.GAO Guo-rui.Microstructure of loess soil in China relative to geographic and geologic environment[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1984,58(3):265~272.
[11]高国瑞.黄土湿陷变形的结构理论[J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(4):1~10.GAO Guo-rui.A structure theory for collapsing deformation of loess soils[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,1990,12(4):1~10.
[12]杨运来.黄土湿陷机理的研究[J].中国科学(B辑),1988,(7):756~766.YANG Yun-lai.Study on the collapsible mechanism of loess[J].Science in China(Series B),1988,(7):756~766.
[13]雷祥义.黄土显微结构类型与物理力学性质指标之间的关系[J].地质学报,1989,63(2):182~191.LEI Xiang-yi.Relationship between type of loess microstructure and physical mechanic property index[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1989,63(2):182~191.
[14]蒋希雁,陆培毅.黄土湿陷机理和影响因素分析[J].河北建筑工程学院学报,2004,22(1):25~27.JIANG Xi-yan,LU Pei-yi.Analysis of the collapsible mechanism and effect factors of loess[J].Journal of Hebei Institute ofArchitectural Engineering,2004,22(1):25~27.
[15]顾成权,方云.黄土湿陷性的微观结构研究[J].西部探矿工程,2003,(89):1~3.GU Cheng-quan,FANG Yun.Microstructure of loess collapsibility[J].West-china Exploration Engineering,2003,(10):1~3.
[16]樊怀仁,郭睿.关中地区黄土湿陷性影响因素分析[J].西安科技学院学报,2003,23(2):160~163.FAN Huai-ren,GUO Rui.Influencing factors of water-collapsible loess of Guanzhong area[J].Xi an University of Science&Technology Journal,2003,23(2):160~163.
[17]沙爱民,陈开圣.压实黄土的湿陷性与微观结构的关系[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(4):1~4.SHA Ai-min,CHEN Kai-sheng.Relationship between collapsibility and microstructure of compacted loess[J].Journal ofChang an University(Natural Science Edition),2006,26(4):1~4.
[18]胡瑞林,官国琳,李向全,张礼中.黄土湿陷性的微结构效应[J].工程地质学报,1999,7(2):161~167.HU Rui-lin,GUAN Guo-lin,LI Xiang-quan,et al.Microstructure effect on the subsidence of loess[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,1999,7(2):161~167.
[19]高凌霞,赵天雁.黄土湿陷系数与物性指标间的定量关系[J].大连民族学院学报,2004,6(5):63~65.GAO Ling-xia,ZHAO Tian-yan.The quantitative relation between loess collapsibility and its physical index[J].Journal of DalianNationalities University,2004,6(5):63~65.
[20]王延涛.常规物理力学性质指标在湿陷机理上的体现[J].铁道工程学报,2007(3):1~5.WANG Yan-tao.Mechanisms of collapse shown on physical mechanics index of the routine soil test[J].Journal of RailwayEngineering Society,2007,(3):1~5.
[21]汤连生.黄土湿陷性的微结构不平衡吸力成因论[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(1):30~35.TANG Lian-sheng.Synthetic effect of microstructure and uneven suction on loess subsidence[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(1):30~35.
[22]袁中夏,王兰民,王峻.考虑非饱和土与结构特征的黄土湿陷性讨论[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(1):12~17.YUAN Zhong-xia,WANG Lan-min,WANG Jun.Discussion water collapsibility of loess considering unsaturated soil and structurecharacteristics of loess[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(1):12~17.
[23]陈正汉,刘祖典.黄土的湿陷变形机理[J].岩土工程学报,1986,8(2):1~12.CHEN Zheng-han,LIU Zu-dian.Mechanism of collapsible deformation of loess[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,8(2):1~12.
[24]邢义川,谢定义,李永红.非饱和黄土湿陷过程中有效应力变化规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1100~1103.XING Yi-chuan,XIE Ding-yi,LI Yong-hong.Effective stress and collapse process of unsaturated loess[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(7):1100~1103.
[25]胡再强,沈珠江,谢定义.结构性黄土的本构模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(4):565~569.HU Zai-qiang,SHEN Zhu-jiang,XIE Ding-yi.Constitutive model of structural loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(4):565~569.
[26]张茂花,谢永利,刘保健.基于割线模量法的黄土增湿变形本构关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):609~617.ZHANG Mao-hua,XIE Yong-li,LIU Bao-jian.Study on constitutive relation of loess moistening deformation based on secant-modulus method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):609~617.
[2]孙广忠.中国西北几个地区黄土性质的初步研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1957,(5):1~8.SUN Guang-zhong.Preliminary study on properties of loess in northwestern China[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1957,(5):1~8.
[3]郭见杨.关于湿陷原因的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1958,(4):8~11.GUO Jian-yang.Study on collapse mechanism[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1958,(4):8~11.
[4]林在贯,舒天开.西北黄土之湿陷性之初步探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,1958,(4):1~7.LIN Zai-guan,SHU Tian-kai.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1958,(4):1~7.
[5]林崇义.黄土的结构特性[M].北京,科学出版社,1962.LIN Chong-yi.Structural properties of loess soil[M].Beijing:Science Press,1962.
[6]张宗祜.我国黄土类土显微结构的研究[J].地质学报,1964,44(3):357~370.ZHANG Zong-you.Study on the microstructure of loess soil in China[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1964,44(3):357~370.
[7]高国瑞.兰州黄土显微结构和湿陷机理的探讨[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1972,(2):123~134.GAO Guo-rui.Research on the microstructure and collapsible mechanism of loess soil in Lanzhou Province[J].Journal of LanzhouUniversity(Natural Sciences),1972,(2):123~134.
[8]高国瑞.中国黄土的微结构[J].科学通报,1980,(20):945~948.GAO Guo-rui.Microstructure of loess soil in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1980,(20):945~948.
[9]高国瑞.黄土的显微结构分类与湿陷性[J].中国科学,1980,(12):1203~1208.GAO Guo-rui.Microtexture type and collapsibility of loess soil[J].Science in China,1980,(12):1203~1208.
[10]高国瑞.中国黄土的微结构与地理、地质环境的关系[J].地质学报,1984,58(3):265~272.GAO Guo-rui.Microstructure of loess soil in China relative to geographic and geologic environment[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1984,58(3):265~272.
[11]高国瑞.黄土湿陷变形的结构理论[J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(4):1~10.GAO Guo-rui.A structure theory for collapsing deformation of loess soils[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,1990,12(4):1~10.
[12]杨运来.黄土湿陷机理的研究[J].中国科学(B辑),1988,(7):756~766.YANG Yun-lai.Study on the collapsible mechanism of loess[J].Science in China(Series B),1988,(7):756~766.
[13]雷祥义.黄土显微结构类型与物理力学性质指标之间的关系[J].地质学报,1989,63(2):182~191.LEI Xiang-yi.Relationship between type of loess microstructure and physical mechanic property index[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1989,63(2):182~191.
[14]蒋希雁,陆培毅.黄土湿陷机理和影响因素分析[J].河北建筑工程学院学报,2004,22(1):25~27.JIANG Xi-yan,LU Pei-yi.Analysis of the collapsible mechanism and effect factors of loess[J].Journal of Hebei Institute ofArchitectural Engineering,2004,22(1):25~27.
[15]顾成权,方云.黄土湿陷性的微观结构研究[J].西部探矿工程,2003,(89):1~3.GU Cheng-quan,FANG Yun.Microstructure of loess collapsibility[J].West-china Exploration Engineering,2003,(10):1~3.
[16]樊怀仁,郭睿.关中地区黄土湿陷性影响因素分析[J].西安科技学院学报,2003,23(2):160~163.FAN Huai-ren,GUO Rui.Influencing factors of water-collapsible loess of Guanzhong area[J].Xi an University of Science&Technology Journal,2003,23(2):160~163.
[17]沙爱民,陈开圣.压实黄土的湿陷性与微观结构的关系[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(4):1~4.SHA Ai-min,CHEN Kai-sheng.Relationship between collapsibility and microstructure of compacted loess[J].Journal ofChang an University(Natural Science Edition),2006,26(4):1~4.
[18]胡瑞林,官国琳,李向全,张礼中.黄土湿陷性的微结构效应[J].工程地质学报,1999,7(2):161~167.HU Rui-lin,GUAN Guo-lin,LI Xiang-quan,et al.Microstructure effect on the subsidence of loess[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,1999,7(2):161~167.
[19]高凌霞,赵天雁.黄土湿陷系数与物性指标间的定量关系[J].大连民族学院学报,2004,6(5):63~65.GAO Ling-xia,ZHAO Tian-yan.The quantitative relation between loess collapsibility and its physical index[J].Journal of DalianNationalities University,2004,6(5):63~65.
[20]王延涛.常规物理力学性质指标在湿陷机理上的体现[J].铁道工程学报,2007(3):1~5.WANG Yan-tao.Mechanisms of collapse shown on physical mechanics index of the routine soil test[J].Journal of RailwayEngineering Society,2007,(3):1~5.
[21]汤连生.黄土湿陷性的微结构不平衡吸力成因论[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(1):30~35.TANG Lian-sheng.Synthetic effect of microstructure and uneven suction on loess subsidence[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(1):30~35.
[22]袁中夏,王兰民,王峻.考虑非饱和土与结构特征的黄土湿陷性讨论[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(1):12~17.YUAN Zhong-xia,WANG Lan-min,WANG Jun.Discussion water collapsibility of loess considering unsaturated soil and structurecharacteristics of loess[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(1):12~17.
[23]陈正汉,刘祖典.黄土的湿陷变形机理[J].岩土工程学报,1986,8(2):1~12.CHEN Zheng-han,LIU Zu-dian.Mechanism of collapsible deformation of loess[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,8(2):1~12.
[24]邢义川,谢定义,李永红.非饱和黄土湿陷过程中有效应力变化规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1100~1103.XING Yi-chuan,XIE Ding-yi,LI Yong-hong.Effective stress and collapse process of unsaturated loess[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(7):1100~1103.
[25]胡再强,沈珠江,谢定义.结构性黄土的本构模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(4):565~569.HU Zai-qiang,SHEN Zhu-jiang,XIE Ding-yi.Constitutive model of structural loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(4):565~569.
[26]张茂花,谢永利,刘保健.基于割线模量法的黄土增湿变形本构关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):609~617.ZHANG Mao-hua,XIE Yong-li,LIU Bao-jian.Study on constitutive relation of loess moistening deformation based on secant-modulus method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):609~617.
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