不同加载模式下煤样损伤与变形声发射特征对比分析
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摘要
煤样损伤、变形与动态失稳之间具有内在的相关性,大尺寸煤样破坏试验成为分析采空区围岩动力失稳孕育过程的基础手段。西部的华亭煤矿曾发生过严重矿震,通过深入调查并精心选取不同尺寸煤样品,在圆柱体小煤样单轴压缩试验基础上,完成2个大尺寸(195mm×110mm×206mm,195.0mm×195.0mm×11.5mm)且结构与均匀程度不同(平行与垂直层理)的立方体煤样试件损伤、变形与破坏的声发射(acoustic emission,AE)特征试验,获得丰富的损伤演化信息,利用统计物理学且对连续场进行描述的态矢量原理定量地描述煤介质破坏的进程及其破坏程度,定义了损伤程度百分比,将其作为定量指标反映煤样局部损伤与破裂密集程度,对不同加载模式下煤介质损伤变形应力-应变与AE特征进行对比分析,为理论分析、数值模拟及提高动力失稳及采矿安全预报的时、空、强精度提供必要的条件。
Deformations and damages of coal have intrinsic relativity with dynamic destabilization. The experiment on large size coal progressive fracture is a fundamental way to analyze the crack and evolution process of surrounding rock in the mined-out area. By in-situ comprehensive investigation and the well-chosen coal specimens of different sizes from the Western Huating Coal Mine where serious mining-induced seismicity occurs,based on the uniaxial test of some columnar and simple coal specimens,the acoustic emission(AE) characteristic experiments of two cube specimens of large size with different structures and heterogeneity(parallel and vertical lamination,the dimensions are 195.0 mm×110.0 mm×206 mm,195.0 mm×195.0 mm×11.5 mm respectively),are conducted under different loading models,and abundant information and parameters upon deformation and their evolution are acquired. The corresponding statistical physical parameter(state vector),which characterizes the continuous rough particle and spatial field is adopted in order to describe cracks and damages process of the coal media and their damage degree quantitatively. Furthermore,the damage degree percent is proposed as a quantitative index to characterize local damage and concentration of fractures. Finally,the comparative analysis between stress-strain and AE progressive characteristics are obtained. An essentialqualification is provided to theoretical analysis,numerical simulation so as to enhance the accuracy of temporal-spatial-relationship and intensity of dynamical unstable and safe mining prediction.
Deformations and damages of coal have intrinsic relativity with dynamic destabilization. The experiment on large size coal progressive fracture is a fundamental way to analyze the crack and evolution process of surrounding rock in the mined-out area. By in-situ comprehensive investigation and the well-chosen coal specimens of different sizes from the Western Huating Coal Mine where serious mining-induced seismicity occurs,based on the uniaxial test of some columnar and simple coal specimens,the acoustic emission(AE) characteristic experiments of two cube specimens of large size with different structures and heterogeneity(parallel and vertical lamination,the dimensions are 195.0 mm×110.0 mm×206 mm,195.0 mm×195.0 mm×11.5 mm respectively),are conducted under different loading models,and abundant information and parameters upon deformation and their evolution are acquired. The corresponding statistical physical parameter(state vector),which characterizes the continuous rough particle and spatial field is adopted in order to describe cracks and damages process of the coal media and their damage degree quantitatively. Furthermore,the damage degree percent is proposed as a quantitative index to characterize local damage and concentration of fractures. Finally,the comparative analysis between stress-strain and AE progressive characteristics are obtained. An essentialqualification is provided to theoretical analysis,numerical simulation so as to enhance the accuracy of temporal-spatial-relationship and intensity of dynamical unstable and safe mining prediction.
引文
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[15]仵彦卿,丁卫华,蒲毅彬,等.压缩条件下岩石密度损伤增量的CT动态观测[J].自然科学进展,2000,10(9):830–835.(WU Yanqing,DING Weihua,PU Yibin,et al.CT dynamic measurements of density damaged increment of rock under triaxial compression[J].Nature Science Progress,2000,10(9):830–835.(in Chinese))
[16]丁卫华,仵彦卿,蒲毅彬,等.基于X射线CT的岩石内部裂纹宽度测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(9):1421–1425.(DING Weihua,WU Yanqing,PU Yibin,et al.Measurement of crack width in rock interior based on X-ray CT[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(9):1421–1425.(in Chinese))
[17]丁卫华,仵彦卿,蒲毅彬,等.低应变率下岩石内部裂纹演化的X射线CT方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1793–1797.(DING Weihua,WU Yanqing,PU Yibin,et al.X-ray CT approach on rock-interior crack evolution under low strain rate[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1793–1797.(in Chinese))
[18]陈忠辉,唐春安,傅宇方.岩石破裂演化诱致突变的数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(6):9–15.(CHEN Zhonghui,TANG Chun′an,FU Yufang.Infinite element simulation of catastrophe induced by evolution of rock micro-fracturing damage[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(6):9–15.(in Chinese))
[19]CAI M,KASIER P K,TASAKA Y,et al.Generalized crack initiation and crack damage stress thresholds of brittle rock masses near underground excavation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(5):833–847.
[20]CAI M,KAISER P K,MARTIN C D.Quantification of rock mass damage in underground excavations from microseismic event monitoring[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(8):1135–1145.
[2]LAVROV A.The Kaiser effect in rocks:principles and stress estimation techniques[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(2):151–171.
[3]RUDAJEV V,VILHELM J,LOKAJíK T.Laboratory studies of acoustic emission prior to uniaxial compressive rock failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(4):699–704.
[4]徐涛,杨天鸿,唐春安,等.孔隙压力作用下煤岩破裂及声发射特性的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2004,25(10):1560–1565.(XU Tao,YANG Tianhong,TANG Chun′an,et al.Numerical simulation of failure and induced acoustic emission characteristics of coal-rock under pore pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(10):1560–1565.(in Chinese))
[5]王学滨,潘一山,杨小彬.准脆性材料试件应变软化尺度效应理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):188–191.(WANG Xuebin,PAN Yishan,YANG Xiaobin.Size effect analysis on strain softening of quasi-brittle materials considering strain gradient effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):188–191.(in Chinese))
[6]杨栋,冯增朝,赵阳升.大煤样瓦斯抽放试验研究及尺寸效应现象[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增2):4912–4915.(YANG Dong,FENG Zengchao,ZHAO Yangsheng.Testing study of gas outburst in big coal sample and phenomenon of dimensional effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.2):4912–4915.(in Chinese))
[7]陆菜平,窦林名,谢耀社,等.煤样三轴围压钻孔损伤演化冲击试验模拟[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(6):659–662.(LU Caiping,DOU Linming,XIE Yaoshe,et al.Experimental simulation of drilling impact of coal sample in three-axle enclosed pressure[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(6):659–662.(in Chinese))
[8]来兴平.华亭煤矿开采动力灾害预测及安全防御技术研究[R].西安:西安科技大学教育部西部矿井开采及灾害防治重点实验室,2006.(LAI Xingping.Research on dynamical hazard prediction and its prevention due to mining at Huating Coal Mine[R].Xi′an:China Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Western Safe Mining and Hazard Control,Xi′an University of Science and Technology,2006.(in Chinese))
[9]张立杰,蔡美峰,来兴平,等.基于AE的深部复变环境下急倾斜特厚煤层开采动力失稳分析[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(1):1–4.(ZHANG Lijie,CAI Meifeng,LAI Xingping,et al.Dynamical destabilization analysis of steep and heavy thick coal seam in a deep-mining under the complex-variable environment based on AE[J].Journal of University of Science and TechnologyBeijing,2007,29(1):1–4.(in Chinese))
[10]尹祥础,余怀忠,张永仙,等.态矢量——分析地震活动性的一种新方法[J].中国地震,2004,20(1):73–79.(YIN Xiangchu,YU Huaizhong,ZHANG Yongxian,et al.State Vector—A new method to analysis seismicity[J].Earthquake Research in China,2004,20(1):73–79.(in Chinese))
[11]余怀忠,尹祥础,张永仙,等.态矢量方法的试验研究[J].地震,2004,24(3):1–7.(YU Huaizhong,YIN Xiangchu,ZHANG Yong xian,et al.Experimental study of state vector[J].Earthquake,2004,24(3):1–7.(in Chinese))
[12]BAZANT Z,CHEN E P.结构破坏的尺度律[J].力学进展,1999,29(3):383–433.(BAZANT Z,CHEN E P.Scaling of structural failure[J].Advances in Mechanics,1999,29(3):383–433.(in Chinese))
[13]BLAIR S C,COOK N G.Analysis of compressive fracture in rock using statistical techniques—part I:a nonlinear rule-based model[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(7):837–848.
[14]BLAIR S C,COOK N G.Analysis of compressive fracture in rock using statistical techniques—part II:effect of microscale hete-rogeneity on macroscopic deformation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(7):849–861.
[15]仵彦卿,丁卫华,蒲毅彬,等.压缩条件下岩石密度损伤增量的CT动态观测[J].自然科学进展,2000,10(9):830–835.(WU Yanqing,DING Weihua,PU Yibin,et al.CT dynamic measurements of density damaged increment of rock under triaxial compression[J].Nature Science Progress,2000,10(9):830–835.(in Chinese))
[16]丁卫华,仵彦卿,蒲毅彬,等.基于X射线CT的岩石内部裂纹宽度测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(9):1421–1425.(DING Weihua,WU Yanqing,PU Yibin,et al.Measurement of crack width in rock interior based on X-ray CT[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(9):1421–1425.(in Chinese))
[17]丁卫华,仵彦卿,蒲毅彬,等.低应变率下岩石内部裂纹演化的X射线CT方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1793–1797.(DING Weihua,WU Yanqing,PU Yibin,et al.X-ray CT approach on rock-interior crack evolution under low strain rate[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1793–1797.(in Chinese))
[18]陈忠辉,唐春安,傅宇方.岩石破裂演化诱致突变的数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(6):9–15.(CHEN Zhonghui,TANG Chun′an,FU Yufang.Infinite element simulation of catastrophe induced by evolution of rock micro-fracturing damage[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(6):9–15.(in Chinese))
[19]CAI M,KASIER P K,TASAKA Y,et al.Generalized crack initiation and crack damage stress thresholds of brittle rock masses near underground excavation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(5):833–847.
[20]CAI M,KAISER P K,MARTIN C D.Quantification of rock mass damage in underground excavations from microseismic event monitoring[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(8):1135–1145.
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