基于压电阻抗技术的结构损伤识别基本理论及其应用
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摘要
结构材料早期的微小损伤若未及时发现,会不断改变结构的强度与刚度,引发结构的累计损伤,从而导致结构的突发性失效,因此,及时准确地识别结构材料早期微弱和潜在的损伤具有重要的理论与应用价值。观察结构内部真实裂纹的产生、传播以及确定内部任意位置的微观应力场一直是土木工程领域一个难题。论文利用压电陶瓷电机耦合阻抗(PZT)对结构微小损伤敏感、对外界环境影响免疫力强等特点,研究基于PZT监测信号的混凝土/钢结构微损伤的识别技术,为混凝土/钢结构健康评估提供准确与可靠的依据。介绍了作者所在课题组在利用PZT阻抗方法进行混凝土/钢结构微损伤识别方面的主要研究成果,并指出了该领域存在的困难和需要解决的主要问题。
The micro-crack of materials, undetcted at the early age, will impair the stiffness and strength of structures, and induce structural accumulated damage. Consequently, it may cause the sudden collapse of structures. Thus, it is of important theoretical and practical significance to identify accurately the early micro-damage of materials. However, it is difficult to detect the occurance and propagation of micro-crack inside structures and determine the micro-stress field at each location. In this paper, the identification technique for micro-damage of concrete/steel structures based on piezoelectric monitoring signals is presented recognizing the advantages of PZT M/E impedance, i.e., sensitive to structural micro-crack and robust to enviroment influence. It is expected to provide a reliable and accurate basis for health monitoring of concrete structures. The recent re- search on damage detection of structures based on piezoelectric impedance technique in the authors’ group has also been presented, and future research topics of the piezoelectric impedance technique have been pointed out.
The micro-crack of materials, undetcted at the early age, will impair the stiffness and strength of structures, and induce structural accumulated damage. Consequently, it may cause the sudden collapse of structures. Thus, it is of important theoretical and practical significance to identify accurately the early micro-damage of materials. However, it is difficult to detect the occurance and propagation of micro-crack inside structures and determine the micro-stress field at each location. In this paper, the identification technique for micro-damage of concrete/steel structures based on piezoelectric monitoring signals is presented recognizing the advantages of PZT M/E impedance, i.e., sensitive to structural micro-crack and robust to enviroment influence. It is expected to provide a reliable and accurate basis for health monitoring of concrete structures. The recent re- search on damage detection of structures based on piezoelectric impedance technique in the authors’ group has also been presented, and future research topics of the piezoelectric impedance technique have been pointed out.
引文
[1]李杰.混凝土随机损伤本构关系[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(10):1135―1141.Li Jie.Study of stochastic damage constitutive relation-ship of concrete materials[J].Journal of Tongji Univer-sity,2001,29(10):1135―1141.(in Chinese)
[2]Adriana H.Application of wavelet approach for ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark studies[J].Jour-nal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,2004,130(1):96―104.
[3]Chang C.Detection of the location and size of cracks in the multiple cracked beam by spatial wavelet based ap-proach[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2005,19:139―155.
[4]Yan Y J.Vibration-based construction and extraction of structural damage feature index[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2004,41:6661―6676.
[5]Messina A.Detecting damage in beams through digital differentiator filters and continuous wavelet transforma-tions[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004,272:385―412.
[6]阎维明.基于小波包分解和模糊聚类的网格结构损伤检测方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(2):56―61.Yan Weiming.Damage diagnosis of special grid struc-tures based on wavelet packet decomposing and fuzzy clustering[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(2):56―61.(in Chinese)
[7]焦莉,李宏男.PZT的EMI技术在土木工程健康监测中的研究进展[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(1):102―108.Jiao Li,Li Hongnan.Progress in the EMI technique of PZT in the health monitoring of civil engineering[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineer-ing,2006,26(1):102―108.(in Chinese)
[8]Park S.PZT-based active damage detection techniques for steel bridge components[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2006,15:957―966.
[9]Park G,Cudney H H,Inman D J.Impedance-based health monitoring of civil structural components[J].Journal of Infrastructure Systems,2000,1:153―160.
[10]Allen D W,Peairs D M,Inman D J.Damage detection by applying statistical methods to PZT impedance measure-ments[C].Smart Materials and Structures,Proceedings of SPIE.Bellingham,WA,2004,5390:513―520.
[11]Soh C K.Performance of smart piezoceramic patches in health monitoring of a RC bridge[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2000,9:533―542.
[12]Bhalla S,Soh C K.Structural impedance based damage diagnosis by piezo-transducers[J].Earthquake Engineer-ing and Structural Dynamics,2003,32:1897―1916.
[13]Lim Y Y,Bhalla S,Soh C K.Structural identification and damage diagnosis self-sensing piezo-impedance trans-ducers[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2006,15:987―995.
[14]Tseng K K.Smart piezoelectric transducers for in situ health monitoring of concrete[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2004,13:1017―1024.
[15]Tseng K K.Impedance-based method for nondestructive damage identification[J].Journal of Engineering Me-chanics,ASCE,2005,131(1):58―64.
[16]孙明清,李卓球.压电材料在土木工程结构健康检测中的应用[J].混凝土,2003,10(3):22―24.Sun Mingqing,Li Zuoqiu.Application of piezoelectric materials in the health monitoring of civil structures[J].Concrete,2003,10(3):22―24.(in Chinese)
[17]李以农.压电材料在结构缺陷识别中的应用机理研究[J].机械工程材料,2003,27(6):25―28.Li Yinong.Application of piezoelectric materials to structural damage detection[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2003,27(6):25―28.(in Chinese)
[18]王丹生,朱宏平.基于波传播和阻抗特性的裂纹梁损伤识别[J].振动、测试与诊断,2005,25(3):186―189.Wang Dansheng,Zhu Hongping.Beam crack identifica-tion based on wave propogation and impedance method[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis,2005,25(3):186―189.(in Chinese)
[19]王丹生,朱宏平.利用压电自传感驱动器进行裂纹钢梁损伤识别的实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(6):139―142.Wang Dansheng,Zhu Hongping.Experimental study of damage identification in a cracked beam through piezo-electric self-sensing actuators[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2006,25(6):139―142.(in Chinese)
[20]王丹生,朱宏平.基于裂纹弯曲弹簧模型的裂纹混凝土梁动力特性分析[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(1):45―48.Wang Dansheng,Zhu Hongping.Dynamic characteristics of concrete beams with a crack based on a bending spring model[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2006,22(1):45―48.(in Chinese)
[21]Zhou S W,Liang C,Rogers C A.An impedance-based system modeling approach for induced strain actua-tor-driven structures[J].Journal of Vibration and Acous-tics,Transaction of the ASME,1996,118(1):323―331.
[2]Adriana H.Application of wavelet approach for ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark studies[J].Jour-nal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,2004,130(1):96―104.
[3]Chang C.Detection of the location and size of cracks in the multiple cracked beam by spatial wavelet based ap-proach[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2005,19:139―155.
[4]Yan Y J.Vibration-based construction and extraction of structural damage feature index[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2004,41:6661―6676.
[5]Messina A.Detecting damage in beams through digital differentiator filters and continuous wavelet transforma-tions[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004,272:385―412.
[6]阎维明.基于小波包分解和模糊聚类的网格结构损伤检测方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(2):56―61.Yan Weiming.Damage diagnosis of special grid struc-tures based on wavelet packet decomposing and fuzzy clustering[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(2):56―61.(in Chinese)
[7]焦莉,李宏男.PZT的EMI技术在土木工程健康监测中的研究进展[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(1):102―108.Jiao Li,Li Hongnan.Progress in the EMI technique of PZT in the health monitoring of civil engineering[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineer-ing,2006,26(1):102―108.(in Chinese)
[8]Park S.PZT-based active damage detection techniques for steel bridge components[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2006,15:957―966.
[9]Park G,Cudney H H,Inman D J.Impedance-based health monitoring of civil structural components[J].Journal of Infrastructure Systems,2000,1:153―160.
[10]Allen D W,Peairs D M,Inman D J.Damage detection by applying statistical methods to PZT impedance measure-ments[C].Smart Materials and Structures,Proceedings of SPIE.Bellingham,WA,2004,5390:513―520.
[11]Soh C K.Performance of smart piezoceramic patches in health monitoring of a RC bridge[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2000,9:533―542.
[12]Bhalla S,Soh C K.Structural impedance based damage diagnosis by piezo-transducers[J].Earthquake Engineer-ing and Structural Dynamics,2003,32:1897―1916.
[13]Lim Y Y,Bhalla S,Soh C K.Structural identification and damage diagnosis self-sensing piezo-impedance trans-ducers[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2006,15:987―995.
[14]Tseng K K.Smart piezoelectric transducers for in situ health monitoring of concrete[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2004,13:1017―1024.
[15]Tseng K K.Impedance-based method for nondestructive damage identification[J].Journal of Engineering Me-chanics,ASCE,2005,131(1):58―64.
[16]孙明清,李卓球.压电材料在土木工程结构健康检测中的应用[J].混凝土,2003,10(3):22―24.Sun Mingqing,Li Zuoqiu.Application of piezoelectric materials in the health monitoring of civil structures[J].Concrete,2003,10(3):22―24.(in Chinese)
[17]李以农.压电材料在结构缺陷识别中的应用机理研究[J].机械工程材料,2003,27(6):25―28.Li Yinong.Application of piezoelectric materials to structural damage detection[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2003,27(6):25―28.(in Chinese)
[18]王丹生,朱宏平.基于波传播和阻抗特性的裂纹梁损伤识别[J].振动、测试与诊断,2005,25(3):186―189.Wang Dansheng,Zhu Hongping.Beam crack identifica-tion based on wave propogation and impedance method[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis,2005,25(3):186―189.(in Chinese)
[19]王丹生,朱宏平.利用压电自传感驱动器进行裂纹钢梁损伤识别的实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(6):139―142.Wang Dansheng,Zhu Hongping.Experimental study of damage identification in a cracked beam through piezo-electric self-sensing actuators[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2006,25(6):139―142.(in Chinese)
[20]王丹生,朱宏平.基于裂纹弯曲弹簧模型的裂纹混凝土梁动力特性分析[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(1):45―48.Wang Dansheng,Zhu Hongping.Dynamic characteristics of concrete beams with a crack based on a bending spring model[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2006,22(1):45―48.(in Chinese)
[21]Zhou S W,Liang C,Rogers C A.An impedance-based system modeling approach for induced strain actua-tor-driven structures[J].Journal of Vibration and Acous-tics,Transaction of the ASME,1996,118(1):323―331.
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