高地应力条件下围岩劈裂破坏的判据及薄板力学模型研究
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摘要
对于处在高地应力下的脆性围岩中的地下洞室群,开挖时洞室围岩容易出现纵向的劈裂裂缝,导致脆性开裂,形成劈裂性平行大裂缝组,通常会伴有剧烈的变形破坏发生,如岩爆等,将危及工程使用的安全性。首先从劈裂裂纹的贯通机制出发,在断裂力学应力强度因子分析的基础上,根据劈裂裂纹的扩展过程确定围岩发生劈裂破坏的判据,然后通过该判据判断围岩的应力状态,确定劈裂范围,并将劈裂围岩视为薄板模型。根据柯克霍夫平板理论检验薄板模型的适用性,在薄板模型的基础上建立劈裂范围内围岩的临界应力、位移的解析计算公式。以瀑布沟水电站为工程背景,将劈裂判据编成FISH语言内嵌到FLAC3D中,计算得到围岩的劈裂破损区。在此基础上利用薄板力学模型计算其临界应力和最大位移,并与数值计算结果吻合较好,表明所提出的劈裂判据和薄板力学模型能够较准确地预测围岩劈裂破坏范围和计算劈裂围岩的应力和位移,可以为高地应力下地下工程的稳定性评价及支护设计提供参考。
When the underground caverns of brittle surrounding rock located in high geostress area are excavated,the longitudinal splitting cracks always are found and brittle cracks will appear. The splitting cracks will evolve into large parallel splitting crack groups together with intense deformation such as rockburst,and thus will endanger the safety of engineering. From the perforation mechanism of splitting cracks,the criterion of splitting failure is established based on analysis of stress intensity factor of fracture mechanics and the spread process of splitting cracks. Then the stress state and the splitting range of surrounding rock are evaluated. The splitting rock is regarded as thin plates. According to G. R. Kirchoff ′s thin plate theory,the applicability of thin plate is verified.The stress and displacement are resolved by elastic thin plate under the condition of basic hypothesis and geostress. The resolution calculations of stress and displacement are settled in theory. Taking Pubugou hydropower station as an engineering case,the criterion is programmed into FISH language and embedded into FALC3D. The splitting failure range is confirmed;and the critical stress and the maximum displacement are calculated by the resolution formulae. The results agree well with the numerical results. It indicates that the splitting criterion can predict the splitting failure range;and the stress and displacement can also be calculated with thin plate mechanical method rather precisely. The method can offer references to evaluating stability of underground engineering and support design with high geostress.
When the underground caverns of brittle surrounding rock located in high geostress area are excavated,the longitudinal splitting cracks always are found and brittle cracks will appear. The splitting cracks will evolve into large parallel splitting crack groups together with intense deformation such as rockburst,and thus will endanger the safety of engineering. From the perforation mechanism of splitting cracks,the criterion of splitting failure is established based on analysis of stress intensity factor of fracture mechanics and the spread process of splitting cracks. Then the stress state and the splitting range of surrounding rock are evaluated. The splitting rock is regarded as thin plates. According to G. R. Kirchoff ′s thin plate theory,the applicability of thin plate is verified.The stress and displacement are resolved by elastic thin plate under the condition of basic hypothesis and geostress. The resolution calculations of stress and displacement are settled in theory. Taking Pubugou hydropower station as an engineering case,the criterion is programmed into FISH language and embedded into FALC3D. The splitting failure range is confirmed;and the critical stress and the maximum displacement are calculated by the resolution formulae. The results agree well with the numerical results. It indicates that the splitting criterion can predict the splitting failure range;and the stress and displacement can also be calculated with thin plate mechanical method rather precisely. The method can offer references to evaluating stability of underground engineering and support design with high geostress.
引文
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[17]王桂尧,孙宗颀.断裂力学在震源机制中几个问题的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):55–59.(WANG Guiyao,SUN Zongqi.Discussion on several problems in hypocenter mechanism by usage of fracture mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):55–59.(in Chinese))
[18]王建华,宋锦良.受压剪应力作用闭合裂纹的光弹性研究[J].地震学报,1990,12(2):204–211.(WANG Jianhua,SONG Jinliang.Photoelastics study of closed crack under compression and shear[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1990,12(2):204–211.(in Chinese))
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[21]苏仲杰,于广明,杨伦.覆岩离层变形力学模型及应用[M].岩土工程学报,2002,24(6):778–781.(SU Zhongjie,YU Guangming,YANG Lun.Application of mechanical model to deformation of covered rock separation strata[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(6):778–781.(in Chinese))
[22]LAJTAI E Z,CARTER B J,DUNCAN S.Mapping the state of fracture around cavities[J].Engineering Geology,1991,31(2):277–289.
[2]李世辉.典型类比分析法的理论与实践[J].铁道建筑技术,1990,(3):8–11.(LI Shihui.Theory and practice of typical analogical analysis method[J].Railway Construction Technology,1990,(3):8–11.(in Chinese))
[3]王宇,罗毅.凌子口隧道围岩稳定性分析评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2002,13(3):40–42.(WANG Yu,LUO Yi.The adjoining rock stability analysis and evolution[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2002,13(3):40–42.(in Chinese))
[4]潘昌实,张弥,吴鸿庆.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.(PAN Changshi,ZHANG Mi,WU Hongqing.Numerical analysis method for tunnels[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1995.(in Chinese))
[5]王薇,王连捷,王红才,等.青藏铁路昆仑山隧道稳定性分析[J].地球学报,2002,23(4):359–362.(WANG Wei,WANG Lianjie,WANG Hongcai,et al.Stability analysis of Kunlun Mountain tunnel for Qinghai—Tibet Railway[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(4):359–362.(in Chinese))
[6]周国林,谭国焕,李启光,等.剪切破坏模式下岩石的强度准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):753–762.(ZHOU Guolin,THAM L G,LEE P K K,et al.New strength criterion for rock with shear failure mode[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(6):753–762.(in Chinese))
[7]杨米加,贺永年.试论破坏后岩石的强度[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(4):379–385.(YANG Mijia,HE Yongnian.On the strength of broken rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(4):379–385.(in Chinese))
[8]孙广忠.论岩体力学模型[J].地质科学,1984,(4):423–428.(SUN Guangzhong.On the mechanical model of rock mass[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1984,(4):423–428.(in Chinese))
[9]孙广忠,黄运飞.高边墙地下洞室洞壁围岩板裂化实例及其力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1988,7(1):15–24.(SUN Guangzhong,HUANG Yunfei.An example of slab-rending in the surrounding rock of underground excavation with high walls and its mechanical analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1988,7(1):15–24.(in Chinese))
[10]EXADAKTYLOS G E,TSOUTRELIS C E.Pillar failure by axial splitting in brittle rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Mining Science and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(6):551–562.
[11]LI C L,RICHARD P,ERLING N.The stress-strain behaviour of rock material related to fracture under compression[J].Engineering Geology,1998,49(2):293–302.
[12]孙广忠.孙广忠地质工程文选[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1997.(SUN Guangzhong.SUN Guangzhong analects in geology engineering[M].Beijing:Weapon Industry Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[13]HAWKES I,MELLOR M.Uniaxial testing in rock mechanics laboratories[J].Engineering Geology,1970,4(3):177–285.
[14]PENG S D,JOHNSON A M.Crack growth and faulting in cylindrical specimens of granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1972,9(1):37–86.
[15]GERE J M,TIMOSHENKO S P.Mechanics of materials[M].3rd ed.Boston:PWS-Kent Publishing Co.,1990:577–626.
[16]黄润秋,王贤能,陈龙生.深埋隧道涌水过程的水力劈裂作用分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):573–576.(HUANG Runqui,WANG Xianneng,CHEN Longsheng.Hydraulic fracturing analysis in water-spouting process in deep-lying tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(5):573–576.(in Chinese))
[17]王桂尧,孙宗颀.断裂力学在震源机制中几个问题的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):55–59.(WANG Guiyao,SUN Zongqi.Discussion on several problems in hypocenter mechanism by usage of fracture mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):55–59.(in Chinese))
[18]王建华,宋锦良.受压剪应力作用闭合裂纹的光弹性研究[J].地震学报,1990,12(2):204–211.(WANG Jianhua,SONG Jinliang.Photoelastics study of closed crack under compression and shear[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1990,12(2):204–211.(in Chinese))
[19]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1982.(XU Zhilun.Mechanics of elasticity[M].Beijing:People′s Education Press,1982.(in Chinese))
[20]铁摩辛柯S P,盖莱J M.弹性稳定性理论[M].张福范译.北京:科学出版社,1965.(TIMOSHENKO S P,GERE J M.Theory of elastic stability[M].Translated by ZHANG Fufan.Beijing:Science Press,1965.(in Chinese))
[21]苏仲杰,于广明,杨伦.覆岩离层变形力学模型及应用[M].岩土工程学报,2002,24(6):778–781.(SU Zhongjie,YU Guangming,YANG Lun.Application of mechanical model to deformation of covered rock separation strata[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(6):778–781.(in Chinese))
[22]LAJTAI E Z,CARTER B J,DUNCAN S.Mapping the state of fracture around cavities[J].Engineering Geology,1991,31(2):277–289.
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