Taking the water demand data from 1988 to 2007 of Guazhou County of Gansu Province for an example, this paper analyzes the main factors that influence the water resource quantity based on the principle component analysis method. The results show that the gross domestic product (GDP), total industrial output value, total output value of agriculture and animals population are the primary indices that touch to the water resource demand. The corresponding prediction modeling outcome shows that the simulated experiment is quite fit for the practical situation and the absolute error of prediction is lower than ±0.05×